Voivod Shein: he pōkole Kawaihae a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Hao ke kakahiaka, April 28, 1634 Moscow walaʻau kanaka akoakoa mai ana i ke Red Square. A hiki iʻaneʻi, i loko o ke poʻo, i maʻa i ka hooko manao i ka mai ana mai kekahi hanana ua kena ae la he ākea pīhoihoi -ʻaʻohe'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka, o ka'āwai, ua i ka pii i ka papa kuhikuhiE aliʻi alii kiaaina Shein, a pu me ia, a me kona mau kānaka kōkua ma Artem Izmailov a me kana keiki Basil. Aha i alakai ai i ka'āwai mau nehinei hoʻopuniʻia e kanaka hanohano ka?

Young climber - hoʻoilina o kaʻohana kahiko

About kahi a me ka wā i hanau alii kiaaina Shein Mihail Borisovich, i ka 'ike i ole, ua hookoeia mai ai, akā, e like me kekahi mau noiʻi e ihola i ka manaoio i keia hanana mai ai i loko o ka hopena o 70-ies o ka XVI kenekulia. Ua ike no hoi i ka mea, ua iho mai o ka laina lōʻihi o nā aliʻi Shein, olelo ai o Iosepa i i loaʻa i loko o kaʻoihana, e hoʻomaka ana mai o ka XIV kenekulia.

Kou hele ana a hiki i ka luna o ka luna kiʻekiʻe o ka pā hale Kiaaina Shein hoʻomaka me ke kauā i ka noho alii ana o Boris Godunov Serpukhov i kona kai eʻe e kū'ē i ka poʻe a pau o ka Tatar Khan Giray Gaza. He hoʻoikaika akula i kona kulana ma ka mare i ke kaikamahine a kekahi o na hea ka hoahanau o ke alii - Maria Godunov. Lākou kūʻauhau, no laila, me ka autocrat, oia ho opa ao pii aku la i ka hulili, a koke loaa he nui loa aku kona koʻikoʻi i manao no ia mau manawa Chashnik,ʻo ia hoʻi, nā luna aupuni, ua ma kaʻoihana o ka haleahuwaina o ka mō'ī.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka Polish uao

Mai barela o ka huakaʻi i ke kai waina'ōpiopio aliÿi Mikhail Shein haehaeia koa hana ia i wahi ma ka pili ana me ke kaua i ka 1604,, ua uhi ka Polish-Lituania poe koa, a me ka muli loko o Rusia hoʻopunipuni wahaheʻe Dmitry I. komo i loko o ke kaua o Novgorod-Severskyʻo ia iā ia iho i loko o ka nani, ua hoolaia mai imminent i ka make ana o ka luna o Lūkini poʻe hao wale o Prince Fedor Mstislavovich. No keia mama o ka Emperor hāʻawi iā ia i ka hanohano, a kau i ka papa kuhikuhiE warlord pio mai kaʻenemi kulanakauhale.

Ka hope hanana weheia i loko o ia i kekahi ala e, no i ka make Borisa Godunova a me ka nuipa a hoolilo o ka nui helu o ka poʻe i noho ma o na kulanakauhale a me na kauhale kokoke ma kaʻaoʻao o Lzhedmitriya I Shein i kekahi mea, hoʻoikaika ihola e hoohiki, laulea a hiki i ka hoʻopunipuni, a me wale i ka imminent'opi o ka hope hoʻopakele iā ia, mai ia mea, hoʻoikaika ihola hoohiki.

New kēia ho'āla kaua a me kekahi hookohu

A loa koʻikoʻi kūlana hoʻokaniʻia e ke Kiaaina Shein, a i ka uhi o ka uprising Ivan Bolotnikov, wawahi mai i ka noho alii ana Ivana Shuyskogo. E like me kekahi hapa o ka poʻe hao wale, hoouna aku e hoolilo i ke kipi, haʻalele i ke ala o ka poe a pau o kona wale koko a me ka luku aku,ʻo ia komo i loko o nā mea a pau i ka nui kaua o ke kai eʻe. He ua i ka manawa e kaua aku, a ma lalo o Yelets, a me Pakhra muliwai, a me nā paia o ka Kremlin, kahi ia i alakaʻi i ka regiment Smolensk gentry. Aia i kekahi keiki alii kiaaina, a iwaena o ka paukū, hoʻopilikia Tula, a ua lilo ka hope bastion o bolotnikovtsev.

A hiki i ka 1607 ua ka hoʻoweliweli 'ana i ka hopu ana o Smolensk poʻe hao wale o ka Polish King Sigismund, me ka manao paa o ke alii ka Meiaʻo ia i hoonohoia kia'āina Shein. Smolensk Pale Kaua ho he nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI hana, e like me ia i moe i loko o kaʻaoʻao o ka enemi a hiki i Moscow. Ma keia manao, ke kiaaina hele i nui nā kuleana.

Ke kokoke loa i kahi o kaʻenemi koa

Ma anticipation o ka hoea mai o ka enemi, a, e like me ka loaʻa ikepili i, manaoia ma ka pa o ke kulanakauhale ma ka hoʻomaka o Sepatemaba 1609, i ke alii kiaaina Shein alakai nui hoomakaukau hana nona ma e hooikaika ana i ke kulanakauhale. Ma kekahi, ma luna o kāna mau kauoha i kekahi papa puʻukaua pa, kukulu ia aku ma lalo o Boris Godunov, a hana kekahi mau hou maloko aiiay laina. I mea e 'auʻai kaʻenemi ka hana, e lawe ka lanakila o kona wahi Zadneprovsky kanu, a pau o kona hale i ke ahi, a me nā kupa o ka oi ma mua o 600 iwilei, e waiho i loko o ka pā kaua.

I kakahiaka nui, hele kokoke Smolensk Sigismund ka poe koa, i helu 12.5 tausani. People October. Ka mea, Ua kue e 5.5 tausani. Ke kūlanakauhale ka defenders. Ua hoomaka ka kākou heroism o kona pale o ke kulanakauhale, a mau ae la 20 mahina. Ma ka hopena o na mea he nui koa moʻolelo, ka mea, ua i ka hana ana o ka helu o ka hou, a underdeveloped i loko o ka Lūkini hana o tactical ia paena.

I ka mea e malu ai, a pau i ka make

Ma kekahi, ua e kamailio e pili ana i ka ai-kapaia lola honua kaua kaua mai ai na pa o ke kulanakauhale, i ka wa a eli iho ma lalo o nā paia o ka pakaua, a me ka koʻu mau papa hōʻike ke olonā wāwae, ma o na la he nui ma ka pōʻino i ka auamo. Ua hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala, a me ka manaʻo o ka hana ino mai ia lehulehu hoomaka lakou e ka aku i hao wale. Ka mea, i hou i ka manawa o ka tactic i ia, hoʻomohalaʻia e ke Kiaaina Shein.

I ka hoomalu ana o Smolensk, nae, a me kela a me keia mahina ua he malie hou paakiki hana, no ka mea, ma waho kōkua hoʻopilikia i i loaa, a me kā lākou mau waiwai e hele mai a hiki i ka hopena. E like me ka hopena, i loko o ka luawai o ka 1611, ka wā hoʻokahi 5.5 tausani, nā defenders noho ola kanaka wale 200, i kaʻauamo i ke kulanakauhale.

Pio a me ka mea mahope hoʻi i Moscow

Kekahi noho, mahuka mai ka poe enemi, laka 'ia iā ia iho i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o ka papa kuhikuhiE luakini - Monomakh Hale Pule Nui, a make iho la ia me ka hopena o ka Naita me ua ma lalo ona i ka lepo Magazine. O ke Kiaaina Sheina auamo pio, a hoouna aku la ia Poland, kahi āna i hoʻohala ai i ka makahiki ewalu i loko o ka halepaahao, a hiki i ka hopena o ka armistice Deulino, kekahi o na olelo o ka a i ka wehe aʻe o ka pio.

Mawaena o na returnees ua i ke alii kiaaina ana Shein. Photos, paʻi i kona kiʻi ma luna o ke kiʻi o ka mea kaulana Lūkini artist Yuri Melkova (hoonoho iho la ma ka hoʻomaka o ke 'atikala), ina aole lakou e ole koi ae ia ia i kekahi kiʻi ano, laila, ma kekahi hihia, hoolilo aku hoi i kona kiʻi i loko o ka maka o na kanaka, ka poe i ike i loko ona ka hoopakele ae o Fatherland, e like me ka moʻolelo meʻe. Ke kaua i ole, ua pau, a ma luna o nehinei ka pio manaolana nui.

Hou ma lalo o ka pa o Smolensk

Ma Moscow, ke kiaaina Shein nanea e mahalo, a me ka wahi o ka Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. He Ua Komikina'Āina e alakaʻi i ka Makäkiu kauoha, akā, ke kiaaina a me nā mea a pau koʻu naau haehae i loko o ke kaua, a ma ka 1632, ka wā i ka palena pau ke aho Deulino truce, i hoounaia mai o ka Emperor, e hookuu aku ia ia pela Haliʻaaʻela ka manaʻoo mākou Smolensk.

I loko nō o ka mea i lalo o kona kauoha ua he poʻe koa ma mua o nā koa o ka defenders, ka hana, he mea hiki ole no ka luna. Ke noiʻi hana i loko o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka hana keaka Episode ma Lūkini mōʻaukala, kau aku kekahi mau wale nō wehewehe i ka hana' ia.

kekahi make

E like me na mea he nui o lakou, i ka mea no ka hoʻokō 'ole' ua ka slowness o ke karaima koa ilamuku kuleana no ka lako hou i ka hoʻopilikia Smolensk ikaika nā hipa kāne wāwahi ma a na besiegers ke komo i ke kulanakauhale. 'Ē aʻe kuhikuhi i ka mea a eia i' ākeʻakeʻa i loko o ka papa o koa hana naʻaupō i loko o kēia kahua o Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich, a hoʻokomo iā lākou i ka hewa. Aia nā kākoʻo o ka mana, e like me ka i, ai ka waina pili kēiaʻanuʻu me ke Kiaaina Shein.

Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, i ka manawa maikaʻi no ka liberation o ke kulanakauhale, ua lilo, a ua koke mai la mai i ke kulanakauhale o na tausani he nui koa o Sigismund III Hoʻokē akula ka besiegers, e ninau aku ia ia no ka truce. Ua Ua loaa a ua ae Shein, a me ka poʻe hao wale waihoia mai ai ia ia e hele aku mai o nā pā o Smolensk, akā, nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa aku ana no ia.

Lifeʻoki pōkole ma luna o ka'āwai

Ma Moscow, luku aku la i ke alii kiaaina manao nui ma mua o ke anu? Eaia. I ka hewa no ka ole o ka oihana i waihoia mai e ia. Eia hou, Ua kauoha me ka kipi inehinei ka punahele i ke aliʻi, me ka nānā 'ana i ka lono, allegedly ana ma Polish noho pio ana, āna i hoʻohiki ai, laulea ia King Sigismund III. Akā, he nui kēia haumana manaoio i ke kumu i ka makemake o Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich e'Āhewa i ke Kiaaina kumuhana iā ia i kona mau hewa ma o ka alakaʻi o ka oihana hana. Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, i mālama 'i kaʻenaʻena Boyar ke aeia ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi iā ia i ka make.

Ke lono i ke kiaaina Shein ho'āhewa o ka poino hoʻonuiʻia e ia ma lalo o nā paia o Smolensk, i ike e Contemporary ke kaiāulu kanaka, ka loa kekahi henua. He nui no ka oihana koa, ka poe i kaua aku ma lalo o ke kauoha o ka mua Shein, kala outraged, a hooweliweli, e paʻa hoʻi i hope mai o ka poe kaua, akā, aia nō kekahi mau mea māhunehune ia laua ke hoopaa GLEE. No ua hoopuniia e ke alii o ka hailona o ia. Paha ka mea, ua ka luahi o ka hana malu, a hāʻule koke koʻi kaua a pau kiaaina Shein, he pōkole Kawaihae i hana i ke kumu o ko kākou moʻolelo.