Western Europa scholasticism. He aha ka mea?

Kēia hua'ōlelo lilo ole, a he mea paha kekahi i makemake ole e lohe no ia. Scholastica ... He aha ka mea, aka, e hai aku ia oe i mea e pono a pau. Ano, ua i ka manawa e ike a pau i kēia i loko o hou au mamuli. I ka hua'ōlelo hoʻi i hānau i loko o ke au o feudal ana a me ka hoʻokumu o ka ai-kapaia "Carolingian pakebona". I ia mau lā, Kīwala'ō ma ke akeakamai o patristic a me ka scholastic. Ke hahau mua ua komo i loko o ka iainiiaaiey i kukuluia Christian dogma. Naʻe, ka mea, ua aneane e holo aku kona papa, e like me ka Roma Hui Church i hoʻokumu iho me Hoʻohaku. A scholasticism? He aha ka mea, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma loko o ke au? A laila, e hea aku manaʻo ma luna o kēia mau tenets, a me ka hana ma luna o kā lākou Mea Maluna.

Kēia au i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke Karistiano manaʻo ua lilo Hoʻohaku i loko o ka Middle Ages. Ka olelo iho mai, mai ka olelo Helene, o hua'ōlelo "hoopili" ( "kula"). Initially, kākau manaʻo a me ka hoonohonoho oe hoʻomohala i loko o ka monastic kula, a ma hope ma ke kulanui. Kona mōʻaukala hiki ke maheleia i ekolu manawa. Mua - keia mea i ka manawa, i ka wa scholasticism originated. Kēia manawa ana i hoʻomaka me Boethius a me ka piha Fomoy Akvinatom. Ka lua o ke kahua - o ke akeakamai o ka "angelic kauka" a me kona mau ukali. A eia ka mea hope, o ka hope wā - ka umikumamaha-ʻumikumamālima kenekulia - wā scholasticism, hoomaka ae la ola ma hope iho iho me ka nui 'ana, a oi loa aku hoi i pili i na sciences kūlohelohe. A i ka wa a kapa iho la ia i ke ahi o ka noʻonoʻo loi i pili i kona wahi iho.

Inā mākou e noi aku ia makou iho: "Scholastica - aha ka ia? He aha e na pilikia, ua hoala "-? Ka pane mea like penei. Poe akeakamai ma ia mau lā i ole komo helu i ka helu ana o na daimonio ma ke kui kele ma kōkua like pinepine'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka e pili ana i ka mea a me ka hoihoi i loko o na ninau ana i ka pilina o ka ike a me ka manaoio, kumu a me ka manaoio, e like me ke ano a me ka lakou ola. Eia hou kekahi, i kekahi o ka kaua kumuhana no ka kūkākūkā i ka manawa o ka pilikia ua maoli i ka ai-kapaia paʻa waeʻano. Me ka Poeikohoia o kekahi mau manao ma keia mea hilo i kapaia Ouji a me nominalists.

Kekahi o ka mea mua scholastics nui noʻonoʻo John Scotus Erigena, ka mea iʻike pono ia ma ka pā hale o Karla Velikogo. He hiki i makau ole, e pane mai anei oe i ke kaulana aliʻi'ōleloʻano a me ka risky'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka. A hiki aku la oia i noi i ka poe akeakamai, ka mea i ka likeʻole ma waena o nā holoholona a me Scot (i ka hula ma luna o nā'ōlelo ma muli o ka Roma kōmi'ōkuhi kumu o ka thinker),ʻo ia iā lākou i ka mea o ka lōʻihi o ka papaʻaina. Ka mea i Eriugena a me Carl noho iho la ke alo. Ka Emperorʻike ihola i kona indignity, hoʻomaoe, a i ole e hoʻomau. John Scott i aku i ka manaʻo i waena o kēia hoʻomana a me ka kālaiʻike, aole he hoopaapaa ole ia, e like me ke ana o ka oiaio o ka naau.

Ma ka XII kenekulia - i loko o ke au o na crusades a me ka hoʻokumu o kulanui - ka pookela scholastics,ʻo John Rostsellin a me Anselm Kenterberiysky. Hope, e olelo aku i ka manaʻo i ka noʻonoʻo nō pono e subordinated i ka manaoio. scholastic au o ka pomaikai e kau mai ma luna o ka loa māpuna manawa i loko o ke ola o Western Eulopa. A laila Karistiano poe akeakamai ma ka Apapika AaOAaXIeAeAIE mai Greek Aristotle loaa, a hoomaka ae la e hoonohonoho manaʻo i ke kapu ölelo Pelekänia ma ke kumu o ka'ōnaehana a me ka noʻonoʻo kūpili o ka hope. Foma Akvinsky a me Albert Veliky e manaoia i ka thinkers ka poe i hana i ka loa pahuhopu nei, a pau i kēiaʻano o ke kumumanaʻo. Ka mea, malalo iho o ka akeakamai o ka theology.

Mai poina i loko o ia mau lā o nā hoa o ka Hoʻohaku LIKE i loko o Christian theology - kakau iho la no hoi na hoonoho a me commentaries - oi loa aku hoi i ka ai-kapaia Cathars. Lakou, ma ka huli, loaa ka ia scholastic kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē, waeʻano a me Logical a kuhi, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka Neo-Platonic a me ka Aristotelian. Akā, i ka lukuia'na o keia au i loko o theology like me ka hopena o ka ukiuki ideological paio i waiho mai i ka manawa e hoʻopau ai i ke mahalo i ka nui o philosophical mau hoa paio o Catholicism.

Ma ka XIV kenekulia scholasticism loaa ka ai-kapaia "Via modernity" - he hou ala. Mākou aie keia Oxford School (Ockham, Duns Scotus), ka poe i pili ia ia e ka mea o ka ike wale na mea maoli? Ueony, i ke ala a hiki i ke kālā no ano o Natural a me ka makemakika Sciences mea weheia. Eia naʻe, a pau kekahi palapala kālaiʻike i hana i ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o ka 'epekema hoea mai, ano o ke kulanui hoʻonaʻauao, a me manaÿo e like me nā loulou a me kaʻepekema i hoʻomākaukauʻia. No laila, o ka ninau: "Scholastica - aha ia mea" - mākou e pono e olelo aku ai. Kēia mea He mea nui manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke akeakamai, me ka i laila,ʻaʻole paha aole laekahi 'epekema, aole hoi i ka papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokokoke mai i kona hoʻomanaʻo.