ʻO wai ka mea invented ka helekopa, i loko o ka makahiki?

Like mōʻaukala E hoike mai, i ke kumu o na mea he nui nui hana i ole ai oluolu ai ole, e hoʻouka. Ma hope o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia nā manaʻo ke hana i loko o kanaka e kaʻana i ka kenekulia a me na tausani o kilomika. He mea oiaio, ma ka pili ana i ka ninau o ka poe i invented ka helekopa mua, e like me ka mea ua ike no ka mea he nui loea ka noiʻi, nā kānakaʻenehana a me ka poʻe akamai, ka poe i mohai aku i ka kekahi manaʻo o ka mea i hanaia o ka mokulele me ka vertical takeoff.

prehistory

Ua olelo mai me kēia nui ka makahiki invented ka helekopa, ia mea paakiki lawa like ia mea paakiki e hooholo i ka wahi o ka i maopopo nä haumäna. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka manaʻo o ka mea ua hookiekieia hoʻopapakū ma ka luna o ke kaʻapuni hoʻohewa, i ka loa kahiko palapala mooolelo o keia kumuhana oi ma mua o 1600 makahiki. Ua oia o ka liʻiliʻi he uuku keiki ka i loko o ka palapala o ka hoaa a me ka hoʻohewa i ka hopena, i ua clamped ma waena o nā poho, ke kuapo o ka i pili, a hookuu, ma hope i ka mea i pokole soared mai. Kekahi e pili ana i keia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole i ole, ua ike, a me ka ia i hoʻopoina loa.

Leonardo ka Vinci

Oiai ka inoa o ke ano akamai nui o ka pakebona i i ikeia iwaena o ka poe i hea aku i ka pane i ka ninau ana o ka poe i invented ka helekopa, ma kekahi o na Nails i ma kona lima iho i ka 1475, he mea ka mokulele me ka nui propeller. Leonardo laila'ōlelo akula ia i ka mea iʻano papa hana, e lawe aku hoʻopapakū, ina ka propeller ma ka noi, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka ikaika muscular o ke kahu moku.

M. Lomonosov

Ma hope o 270 makahiki, heʻano papa hana e hiki apuepue ke kapa i ka prototype ieie-helekopa, i invented ma Rusia. Kona mea kākau ua Mikhail Lomonosov, ka mea i hoʻoholo ihola e hana i kekahi mīkini hiki o ka hooulu ana i ka nui kiekie ana wela a me nā mea paʻahana a pono no meteorological noiʻi. Ua ua ikeia ia mea i hiki i ke kumu hoʻohālike i holo mai o ka luawaiʻano papa hana, akā, i kona ho'āʻo ma ua holomua. Ka mea a ka mea, ua, he mea ole kumu e manaʻo i mua invented ka helekopa M. Lomonosov invented ia i ka loina o ke kaula o ka kū'ē ikehu ma ka hoʻokaʻa-'ēheu mokulele ua nō hoʻohana ', a ua manaoia e ia i ike Classic.

Ka mua vertical mahuka ana

I ka 1860 ma Farani e G. Ponton d'Amekur i hana mokulele aeronef, ka mea i mau coaxial hoʻohewa, a ua lako pono me ka mahu engine. i kona ho'āʻo ma ua holomua, aʻaʻole i ke kaʻa i hiki ia e kekahi vertical ke eaʻe like kona inventor manaolana ana.

Ke kahua me ka Hekikai o ke kakolina kiko'ī i ua nui loa aku kou mana, a kaupaona emi mahu hoʻololi. September 29, 1907 ua hana hoʻokipa ka mua loa vertical mahuka ana. Ua i unmanned Gyroplane, i kukulu ia e Louis, a Jacques Breguet me kaʻimi naʻauao kākoʻo mai o Kumu S. waiwai. He mau ae la ia i emi ma mua o ka minuke. Ka mīkini ua hiki e kiʻi aku i ka honua mea wale 50 knm, I loko nō o ka pomaikai, ka hapanui poe akamai i manaoio i ka pane ana i ka ninau o ka poe i invented ka helekopa, e hiki ole i kapa aku ai i ka inoa o ke kanaka haku Gyroplane, e like me kona mahuka ana i ole e hoʻomalu aku, a me ka hui pu ia lakou iho ma manawa ke ola ua ma luna o ka leash.

Ka mua manned mahuka ana

I ka 1907, Farani Paul Cornu i ka mea mua nana i invented ka helekopa, a hookiekie ae la kona mea nāna i hana i loko o ka lewa. Ka mīkini mea ma ka holo wale 2 kekona, a hiki i ke kiekie o 50 knm. Ma keia hihia, Cornu ho'āʻo i ka pāʻana i ka manaʻo, akā, hiki ole ke olelo i ka mea, pomaikai ae la lakou.

Na mahope moolelo o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka helekopa

No kekahi mau makahiki, akamai a me nā kānakaʻenehana i ole i hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka mālama 'ana i ka mokulele. Ka popoiwi wahi i hele mai i loko o 1911 i ka wa o ka B. N. Yurev i ka mea nana i invented ka helekopa me ka huelo epaepa huila. Ka hopeʻano papa hana ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka hana o ka mokulele a hiki i kēia lā.

I ka 1922 Kumu G. Botezat ia ma hope o ke kipi,ʻo ia emigrated mai Rusia a hiki i ka USA, i kukulu ia mamuli o ke kauoha o ka US Army mua hale lio e hoʻomalu aku helekopa i loko o ke ao nei. Eia naʻe, ala ma ka lewa ma ka kiekie o ka 5 m, ka mea hiki ia he mau minuke i loko o ka lewa.

E hana 'ia ma ke kahua o ka helekopa

kekahi mau moʻolelo no ka lōʻihi like 'ole a me ka huahelu i hāʻawiʻia i loko o ka hiki makahiki. I waena o ia mea:

• Record Argentine Raul Paterasa Pescara, pepehi i ka helekopa o ko lākou mau manao ka mamao o 736 ka m;
• ka loihi i ia manawa (1924) i ka holo lōʻihi like 'ole o ka 7 minuke a me 40 kekona, he pono Farani E. Emishenom;
• mooolelo Italian helekopa D'Ascanio, pepehi i ka loihi o ka ma 1 ei i ka 1930;
• moolelo mämä holo (100 km / h) kau i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli godu mokulele Gyroplane.

ʻO wai ka mea invented ka mua helekopa i loko o ke ao nei?

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka pane a hiki i keia ninau e e kapaʻia ai ka inoa o ke nä känaka 'epekema a me ka mokulele akamai Igorya Ivanovicha Sikorskogo. Loa ma mua o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o kona papa kuhikuhiE hanaia'na - ke ao ka mua-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo helekopa -ʻo ia i hana i ka loa holomua ma ia manawa 4-engine mokulele "Russian Vityaz". Eia hou, i mai no hoi i ka primacy o ka hoopuka ana o ka manao o transatlantic seaplanes.

I ka 1931. Sikorsky lele mīkini Palapala Sila Nui manao, meaʻano nui i okoa loa ia mai ka Ke Ana Hoʻohālike helekopa i kēia lā hoʻohana i ka manao o ka a. I ka pau,ʻo ia? Aaeaaaaony i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka propeller 2: i ka papa kuhikuhiE - ma luna o ka hale, a kākoʻo - ma ka huelo.

Ka mua mana helekopa Sikorsky - ia makou-300, malalo o ko ia ia iho, i hiki i ka hanini i ka 1939. Ua oia no ka nui anawaena kila paipu me ka hamama cockpit no ka ke kahu moku. An mokulele i ka 'auhau o ka 65 nā lika. i kekahi. a ka mea i mana Lycoming, 3-kaʻapuni ka papa kuhikuhiE epaepa huila huhui.

Hou holomua Sikorski

I ka hapalua like-kupulau o 1941 mokulele i kekahi hōʻike o ka mua amphibious helekopa ma ke ao nei, e lana i ke kaʻa, a mea he hooponopono hou ana o ka mua loa-iʻike i ka manawa i ka mokulele makou-300. Helicopters i aku, mai ka ili o ka wai, a pae ka maluhia ma ka aina. Ka misionari ana 1 ka hora 35 minuke, a me ka mämä holo i 100 ei no hora.

A laila, i ka mokulele akamai ua hana 18 ke ano o helicopters, i ua ahakanaka la-hua. Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i ua papahana mīkini peahi uila ÷, amphibious me retractable awa kapa, e like me ka ai-kapaia lele nā manuʻioʻio. Helicopters, i hanaʻia e Sikorsky, i lawe transatlantic a transpacific de me refueling i loko o ka lewa. EGI mīkini hoʻohana no kaʻano o ka hana. Kona 'oihana ma mua kona hoʻomaha loa' Sikorski ua pau i ka hanaia ana o S-58 helekopa, ua noʻonoʻo i ka mea maikaʻi helekopa o ka 1st hanauna.

Ano, e ike no ke kumu ka mea, ua ea ae ia Igor Sikorsky invented ka helekopa mua. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole e detract mai i ka pono o nā nā kānakaʻenehana a me ka poʻe akamai ka poe i hoolaa ai i na makahiki o kona ola ana a hiki i ka mea i hanaia a me ka hana ana o ka rotorcraft.