Afghan politician Mohammad Najibullah: Kawaihae, mōʻaukala a me ka aoao o ke ola

Devotee na manawa he nui, Mohammad Najibullah loaʻa i ka ikaika ole, e haawi aku i ko lakou poe kanaka, a me ko lakou aupuni. Weliweli hooko o ka pelekikena ma mua, a walawala ai,ʻaʻole wale i kona kākoʻo akā, i poe enemi, huhu a pau o ka Afghan kanaka.

Kawaihae

Mohammed Najibullah - statesman, pelekikena o Afghanistan, mai ka makahiki 1986 a hiki i 1992. Hânau 'ia i loko o ke kauhale o Milana, kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Gardez, Augate 6, 1947. Kona makua kāne, Akhtar Mohammad hana i loko o ka consulate ma Peshawar, ke kupunakane - ka luna Ahmedzaiʻohana. Mohammad Najibullah kamaliʻi hoolilo ia kokoke i ka pak-Afghan palena, he puka 'o ia mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe.

I ka 1965 Najibullah hui i ka kemokalaka Party, a alakai aku i ka 'ino ai aupuni o ka lehulehu nā haumāna. I ka makahiki 1969 ka mea i hopu ia no ke kahea kanaka a hiki i ka makaukau ana o ka uprising, komo i loko o nā hōʻike a me ka pepehi iho at ia. Ma Ianuali 1970, ua i hou hopu, i kēia manawa no ka hōʻino 'ana i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a hana ka mea ku ole i ka neutrality o ka aina. Iloko o ka h ÷ ike,ʻo ia nā haumāna, a hoolei hua mīkini Spiro Agnew - Hope-Peresidena o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.

Ka mua hoʻokuewa wale 'ia

I ka 1975, Mohammad Najibullah puka 'o ia mai ka Lapaʻau o University ma Kabul, a laila, i oi kālele ana ma luna o ka hana o ka aoao, i ka makahiki 1977, ua hoonohoia oia i hoa o ke Komite Central o ka People ka kemokalaka Party o Afghanistan. Ma hope o ka kipi alakai aku la oia i loko o Saur hoʻokahuli aupuni Aha, a me ka aoao komite ma Kabul. Akā, pāonioni ma loko o ka aoao puʻe wale akula kēlā iā ia, e haʻalele i ke kapikala, i hoouna Najibullah i Iran i kaʻelele. Akā, i loko o October 1978 i wehe 'ia mai ka oihana a me ka nele o ke kupa, ai Mohammad Najibullah i pio e hele i Moscow, kahi āna i peʻe a December 1979 a hiki i ka Soviet poʻe hao wale i i komo i ka mokuna o Afghanistan.

Ohana

Back i loko o ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la Najibullah e alakaʻi i ka maluhia koa, mahuahua kona kookoo i kanakolu tausani? Aaiuo, kuhikuhi 120 kanaka hana i loko o ka maluhia hana. Akā lailaʻo ia ia i 'ae i ka hana me ka maluhia, he nui wale ka hoʻonohonohoʻia, a me "e pili ana International", hoopii ai ia ia ke komo i loko o ke kapu hopu, hoʻomāinoino' a me ka pono kīvila o 'aʻe'. Akā, i hoike no ka 'āhewa' ana i ua, oiai kona hana ma Khad uaʻaʻohe mea nui weliweli a me ka make ana o ko lakou mau kanaka, e like me ka manawa o ka noho alii ana o Amin.

Afghan: Mohammad Najibullah - Peresidena

November 30, 1986, Najibullah i koho pelekikena o Afghanistan. Akā, mahope mai o kona hiki ana i ke aupuni o ka alakaʻi i loko o ka aoao hoʻomaka hou mahae: kekahi kākoʻo Karmal, ka mea 'ē aʻe - ka pelekikenaʻikena. E somehow laua i ka poe e kaua ana, ma January 1987 ia hoohana i hoakaka 'ma luna o ke aupuni e hoolaulea aku ai. " Hōʻike prescribes i ka hopena o ka hana hostilities, a maluhia iho la i ke kaua ma maluhia ke kūkā '.

Ma December 1989, i loko o lā Soviet poʻe ma hope o haalele mai Afghanistan, ka Mujahideen a hemo hoouka ma ka Jalalabad. Mohammad Najibullah kūkala i ka moku'āina o ka pilikia ma ke aupuni. March 5, 1990, i ka hookolokolo ana o ka hopu halkistami. Ma muli o, ke aupuni o ka pale lawelawe Shahnawaz Tanai hoʻonohonoho kaua kipi. Hālau a ma kekahi o na bunkers, Mohammad Najibullah kena ae i ka suppression o ke kipi, i paopaoʻia ka wanaʻao March e kū'ē'ē mai. Ke hoʻokuhikuhi o ke kipi i holo ai i Pakistan, kahi ia a laila hui i ke koa a Hekmatyar.

Betrayal ma luna o nā mea a pau aoao

I ka makahiki 1990, Shevardnadze kona makemake nui e hoʻopau i ke Kuleana e hana i loko o Afghanistan, kona hooholo ana e hoapono, i ka mea ia manawa pau ana i ka lako hou i ka mea kaua. Penei, i haʻalele i ka aina me ke kākoʻo o ka Soviet Union, a me ia, a me ka Peresidena Nadzhibulla Mohammad. Pili aupuni 'epekema - ka' epekema o lolilua a me ka poe, i ka hope loa ua i ka 'Amelika. I ka makahiki 1991, Dzheyms Beyker kakauinoa ke kānāwai ma luna o ka hoopau ana o na mea kaua a me ka ammunition lako conflicting aoao ma Afghanistan. Ua hoemiia nui i ka aoao o Najibullah. April 16, 1992 hāʻawiʻIa aku ai i kona wahi Najibullah Abdur Rahim Hatefu, ka mea i hilahila i ka wahi Keʻena Pelekikena. A i loko o Aperila o ia makahiki , General Dostum hoʻonohonoho i ka coup i lawe mai ai i ka mana i ka Mujahideen.

I ka Akuma ka makahiki 1992, i ka pūkaua Hekmatyar a me Massoud i hoopii ai kekahi i kekahi o kumakaia a me ka haalele koa lako a pan a me ka mea kaua aee, haʻalele Kabul. I ka Ia manawa ka Soviet Union liquidated kona kauoha ma Afghanistan. Najibullah a me kona mau poʻe kākoʻo mohai pili aupuni puʻuhonua, a hiki i ka helu o nā'āina, a me Rusia, a me ka US, akā, ua hoʻoholo e noho i loko o Kabul,ʻaʻole makemake e hoolei i ke aupuni i loko o ia o ka pilikia manawa.

Ma mua o ka hopu ana i ke kūlanakauhaleʻo ia e hoʻokele i smuggle i kana wahine, a me ka kaikuahine me na keiki ma Delhi. Ma Kabul, he kona kaikaina Shapur Ahmadzai, ka luna o ka malu Dzhafsar, ke poo o ka oihana o Nadzhibulla Mohammad a me Toohey. Hele ana mai o ke ola Hoʻokē akula ka pelekikena ma mua, e paulele aku i loko o ka malu o ka Inia, a laila, ma ke Aupuni Hui Pū '. Ke aupuni o ke aupuni, mau hoʻololi i ka 1995 a me ka 1996, ua koi e hoopuka Najibullah. Ka paʻakikī i ka mea, ua i ka pahuna ihe pōā e ku e na allies kahiko. Kozyrev (Aina Kuhina) mai la o Moscow aʻole makemake i ole e i kekahi mea, e hana me ke koena o ka? Eia mua i loko o Afghanistan.

Ka Last meʻe

September 26, 1996, i ka Taliban hoopio i ka Afghan paukü, Kabul, i lawe Najibullah a me kona mau kākoʻo, mai ka un oihana. He Ua noi e kakau i ka palapala ma ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka Pakistan-Afghan palena, akā, ua hoole mai. Ma hope o ka loa loa hoʻomāinoino ',ʻo ia ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make mua Peresidena Mohammad Najibullah. Ke hooko i wahi ma 27 September, Najibullah a nākiʻi i ke kaʻa i kona kaikaina, a kauo aku la i ka mea koho pelekikena hale alii, ma laila kaaweia.

Kanu Najibullah ma hope o ka aoao o Hoʻomana Mohameka ke Taliban banned, akā, hoomanao kanaka nō aʻoi aku i kona hoʻomanaʻo: malu heluhelu kanaka ma Peshawar a Quetta ma luna o kona mau pule. I ka wa o kona kino i nō haawiia i ka Red kea, Ahmadzai ohana, ma kona kupunakane i ke alakaʻi, ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o kona mau kūlanakauhale maoli o Gardez.

Ma ka umikumamalua lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka make ana o Najibullah mua ohi i ka hālāwai hoʻeuʻeu i mea e hoʻohanohano i kona hoomanao ana. Head o Party o Afghanistan "Vatan" Dzhabarhel? Aaei Ua pepehi ia Mohammad Najibullah poe enemi a me nāʻenemi o na kanaka ma na kauoha mai ke waho. A 2008 ana o ka poe noho hōʻike i 93,2% o ka heluna kanaka e noho ana i loko o ka lokomaikai o Najibullah.