Alexander Golovanov: Kawaihae a me ka Hawaii photo

Alexander Golovanov - ike wahi lulu koa he Alihikaua i hoʻokauwā ma ke Soviet kaua. Iloko o ka Apana World War, alakai aku la oia i ka Soviet lōʻihi-huahelu mokulele, e like me ka 18th Air Army. Ma hope o ke kaua, ua hoonohoia oia i alakai i ka pau loa-huahelu maunakea o ka USSR. I ka makahiki 1944 ka mea i hoʻopiʻi 'ia Nui o Air Ilamuku. Ma ka mōʻaukala o ka hana i 'a kauwa' Red Army lilo ka muli loa ilāmuku.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka wā'ōpiopio o ka wā e hiki mai ke kahu moku

Alexander Golovanov i hānau i loko o 1904. He Ua hanau ia ma ka Russian aupuni a pau i loko o ke kūlanakauhale nui - Nizhniy Novgorod. Kona mau makua, ua maikaʻi-ikeia nā kupa o ke kulanakauhale. Makuahine - keaka mele hoolea, a me kona makua kāne - i ka luna o ka towing moku. 8-makahiki-kahiko Alexander Golovanov i ka Alexander Cadet mau pūʻali aʻo. No laila, e like me ke keiki, ka mea i hoʻoholo ia ia e lilo i ka koa i loko o ka wā e hiki mai.

Ka Red kiai komo aku la i ka meʻe o keia 'atikala, ka wā aʻu i he teenager. Ma October 1917, oia ua wale 13 makahiki. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mea mawaho hoailona ia i haawi mai ai mea 'ē aʻe. He nānā i nā mea a pau 16, a me ka ulu i lalo mau mika.

Ma hope o ka pomaikai o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana i i no Soviet mana. Kela manawa, i ka 1918, hoomaka ae la oia e loaʻa i ke ola. Alexander Golovanov Molde makahiki, i hele aku i ka hana i loko o ka courier oihana "Profsohleb", i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka Food Commissariat.

Komo i loko o ke Kanawai War

He i loko o ka War Kanawai, Alexander Golovanov kauwahi. He i ua ia i ka scout i loko o ka 59th Infantry Regiment, ka mea i mālama lākou i hakakā poe mikanele ma ka hema alo. Ma kekahi o na kaua ia i hiki ai concussion.

Demobilized wale i ka 1920. Golovanov Aleksandr i mua hoʻoholo i ka kivila hana ua ole no ia. No ia mea, I komo i ka ai-i kapaia o CHUNG. He hapa o ka keia. Mai ka i kapaia ka wanaao o ka USSR Communist militia i ola ma na aoao keena. Kā lākou 'oihana i, e lawe i kaʻoihana ma ka noho pilikia pono, i loko o nā hiki ala, e kōkua i ka Soviet ke aupuni i loko o ka paio ku e ee-kipi.

Initially Ua hana Kuna hoi kaua wale no Party lala a me ka moho o ka aoao. Eia naʻe, ma ka makahiki 1920, ka wā Chung hui Golovanov Aleksandr, hoomaka ae la e laweʻeleu Komsomol lala, a hiki 'ole-aoao.

Ma keia hihia, mea ua ike e pili ana i ke ano o ko mākou 'atikala ma luna o nā palapala kūhelu, i kekahi mau mea i paʻewa me kona lima iho, e kākau i ka moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho. Ma ka hope aole mea iki e pili ana i ka hana i loko o chon. Alexander Golovanov, he Hawaii photo no i mea i loko o kēia 'atikala, hākālia nō ia i loko o kēlā mau makahikiʻo ia i hana i loko o ka hooponopono ana o ka hoolako ana i na koa a me Moana Red i loko o ka lāʻau kū courier.

I kekahi koe i loko o kona 'oihana - ma Tsentropechat Agena, a laila, handyman ma ka laau lana ma luna o "Volgosudstroy" hana. Ma hope ka mea, ua he Agena, a me ka electrician ma ka lima Volzhsky holopapa GPU, a i ka nānā 'ana i loko o kona hale kūlanakauhale - Nizhniy Novgorod.

Service o ka OGPU

I ka makahiki 1924, ua hui i ka OGPU Golovanov Aleksandr Evgenevich. Kawaihae no ka meʻe o keia 'atikala i ua ua hoʻopili ai i keia kino no ka mea e hiki mai ana 9 makahiki.

Decrypts ka GPU like me ka "United State Kalaiaina mau luna 'oihana," ua hoʻohana ma o ka' Aha o People ka Commissars. Mea, ua hookumuia ia ma 1923 ma ka kumu o ka NKVD.

I ka makahiki kakahiaka nui o ka OGPU alakaʻi o Pelika Dzerzhinsky, a mai ka 1926 a hiki i 1934 - Vyacheslav Menzhinsky. Halavanau hoʻoili hana ana ka hana a me ka hana i loko o kūikawā oihana. Au i hele ai, mai ka mana a hiki i ke poo o ka Oihana.

He komo palua i loko o ka mamao pāʻoihana huakaʻi i China. Ma 'ana, i loko o ka Xinjiang mokuna. I ka hoomaka ana o na 30s. Koke ma mua ka mea, lilo iho la ia i l & acirclâ o ka All-Union Communist Party o Bolsheviks.

I ka hopu ia ana o Savinkov

Ka brightest 'aoʻao o kana hana a hiki i ka GPU lilo hoʻomau ana ma ka hopu Borisa Savinkova. 'O kēia kekahi o nā alakaʻi o Russian Social Revolutionaries, he White poʻe kiaʻi. A hoʻoweliweli, a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni.

Ma hope o ka bourgeois kipi o Pepeluali 1917,ʻo ia i hoʻopiʻi 'ia Komisina o ke Aupuni Kūikawā. Ma 'Aukake, ma luna o ka hanana o Kornilov ma Petrograd, ua lilo iho la i ke koa kia'āina o ke kūlanakauhale. General i manaoia e hoolohe i ke Aupuni Kuikawa, akā, i loko o ka hopena i hoʻokomo i kona ole.

OctoberʻOiʻenehana ua i kākoʻo. He komo i loko o ka confrontation me ka Bolsheviks, i hana i ka hana manawaleʻa koa ma luna o ka Don, kākoʻo Denikin. E like me ka hopena, oia emigrated mai i ke aupuni, ho'āʻo ana e hookupaa i ka pili me ka nationalists, akā, e ho'ōla haule i loko o piha kālai'āina hoʻokaʻawale.

I loko nō o kēia, no ka hoʻopau o Anati-Soviet lola honua savinkovskogo OGPU hoʻokō no ka "hui pu iho-2". I ia, a komo Golovanov. Ma 'Aukake 1924 Savinkov malu hiki i ka Soviet Union, coaxed operatives.

He paʻa ia ma Minsk o kona hopu ia ana. At Savinkov aloaliʻi conceded pio i loko o ka kaua e kū'ē i ka Soviet? Eia, a me ka'opi o ko lākou mau ideals. He Ua ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make, i ka olelo i koke mitigated ma ke kūapoʻana i ka 10-makahiki paa.

E like me ka oihana mana, i ka makahiki 1925,ʻo ia hana he pepehi anaʻia iā iho ma o Kepakailiula, mai ka lima o ka papahele puka aniani. Ka lumi i kahi āna i laweʻia no ka hana nīnau, uaʻaʻohe lāʻau kī ma ka puka makani. Aia mea i kekahi koho mana, e like me ka mea āna i pepehiʻia e ka OGPU. Ma kekahi, ka mea e kuhikuhi mai Alexander Solzhenitsyn i loko o kona puke "Ka Gulag pae'āina."

Golovanov - sīwila ke kahu moku

I ka 1931, i ia Golovanova Aleksandra Evgenevicha i ka People ka Commissar o ua kaumaha hana, kahi ona e waiho ana i ka hooko kakauolelo. ʻO kēia makahiki, hoomaka ae la oia e 'Imi makaikai i kaʻoihana o ke hawaii poʻe hoʻoholo moku. Puka 'o ia mai ke Kula Osoaviahima (mea like o kēia DOSAAF).

I ka makahiki 1933ʻo ia i ka 'oihana ma ka "Aeroflot". Pela i hoomaka ae la kona 'oihana ea. A hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka confrontation me ka Nazi komohewa, oia lele ma luna o kivila hoʻii. He hana i konaʻaoʻao i mai ka maʻamau ke kahu moku, a hiki i ke poo o ka Oihana, a, ma hope, i ka luna kahu moku.

An nui milestone i loko o kona 'oihana i ka makahiki 1935 mamuli ia Golovanov i hoonohoia e alakaʻi i ka hikina Siberian Oihana o Kanawai Air'auwaʻa kaua. Ua Ua nānā 'ana i loko o Irkutsk. Alexander Golovanov i kukulu ai i ka 'oihana i loko o kivila maunakea.

I ka 1937, iloko o ka hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka waena o Communists, Golovanov kipaku ia mai ka 'aoʻao. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia e hoʻokele i ka pale hopu. A, hele aku la ia i Moscow, i aku la ia, - ", e imi i ka oiaio" A me ka la mahope. Kauhalenui Komisina o ka aoao mana, hoʻoholo ihola ia i kona loa i ka hewa. Eia naʻe, i loko o Irkutsk, oia iʻaʻole hoʻi kāinoa mua, hoomaka ae la. He Ua waiho ia ma Moscow ma ka lapauila o ka ke kahu moku. He hana maikaʻi i loko o ke kulanakauhale alii. A pōkole manawa hope Golovanov i ua noʻonoʻo kekahi o ka momona a mau pailota o ka aina ka kivila maunakea, ua i ka luna kahu moku, squadron keia.

I 1938, mākou meʻe 'atikala hookupaaia ka enviable mooolelo. Kona huina holo ka hoao ana ua like i kekahi miliona kilomika. hoomaka ae la ke Soviet nupepa, e kākau e pili ana ia me he "ke kahu moku-millionaire." No keia mea, i i hookoia ai ka "poʻokela Aeroflot". A me kona de a pau he pilikia-noa, i loko o ia mau lā, i ka wa a ke kanaka e pono e hoomaka ana e lanakila i ka airspace, ua he e piʻi like nui. Ua liloʻiʻo nō hanohano ke kanaka i loko o ke aupuni. Kona kiʻi i paʻiʻia ma luna o ka uhi o ka Magazine "Ogonyok".

Iloko o ka Great Patriotic War

Experience o ke komo 'ana i loko o hostilities Golovanov loaa mua o ka Kelemānia fascist komohewa i hao i ka Soviet Union. I ka 1939 oia i wahi i loko o kaua ma Khalkhin-. Ua ua he unannounced kūloko koa oukou paio ana, a mau ae la ia no kekahi mau mahina i loko o ka palena o Mongolia. Ua komo ma ka kekahi lima, Soviet poʻe kaua, a me ka Mongols, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - i ke aupuni a pau o Japan.

Ke kue i pau ai me ka piha pio o ka Japanese mahele. A, i ka Soviet Union, a Japan i kekahi mau manao o kēia mau hanana. Inā ke aupuni historiography haawiia keia i like me ka kūloko koa e kue, na Kepani olelo o ia e like me ka lua o ka Lūkini-Japanese kaua.

A iki ma hope, Golovanov hele aku la a hiki i ke alo o ke kaua Soviet-Pinilana. Keia kaua ana i ka apana uuku na emi o eono mahina. Ua pau ka hoʻomaka 'ana me ka mea i ka Soviet Union i hoopiiia Finland shelling. No laila, i ka 'Aha loa hewa ia i ke kaua ma luna o ka Scandinavian aupuni. Ka hopena ua i ka hopena o ka maluhia kuikahi, ma lalo i ka Soviet Union hele aku 11% ma Finland. A laila, ma ke ala, i ka Soviet Union i noʻonoʻo i ka aggressor, a ua kipaku mai i ka 'Âlapa o Nations.

Ua komo i loko o kēia mau pāonioni elua, Golovanov halawai mai la me ka Great Patriotic War ua naʻau koa ke kahu moku. Back ma ke kakahiaka nui 41 la, ma mua o ka hoʻouka o Hitler, i palapala mai ai i ka palapala i Stalin, a hoomaikai aku la lakou i ka pono, e hoomakaukau manaʻoi pailota no ka lele lōʻihi-huahelu bomber. No ka ino auanei, a hiki i ka ia, a hiki i hoaie dala kiekie.

Ma February, la oia i kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino halawai me ka Generalissimo, i ka hopena o ka mea ana i hoonoho luna o ka regiment kaawale o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea. Ma 'Aukake, ua haawiia mai i ke kia o ka luna o ka Air Māhele no ka hana hou aku. A me kekahi inoa i haawiia ma October. Major General maunakea Alexander Golovanov loaa. World War II veterans hoʻohana 'ia e ho'āʻo iā ia iho ma luna o ka lewa fronts. Ma ka Ewa o ka hou 1942, lilo 'o ia ke poʻo o ka māhele maunakea o ka lōʻihi-huahelu i ka uku o ka Aha luna koa.

lewa Ilamuku

I ka 1942 i kēia 'atikala i ka meʻe e alakaʻi i ka loa-huahelu maunakea. Ma May, ka mea i haawiia mai i ke ano o ka lutanela mau. No laila, a a ua he nui i loko o ka pau ana o ka Soviet lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea i ka hopena o ke kaua. I ka Ia manawa, ua nanea i ka walohia, ka mahalo a me ka hilinai ma ka aoao o Stalin ka Alii. No laila, noho regular koa poʻe kaua,ʻaʻole lōʻihi i ka hele ana mai.

No ka March 1943 - Colonel-Nui. A me August 3 Alexander Golovanov - Air Ilamuku. Iloko o ke kaua, ua hoonohoia oia i luna o ka 18th Air Army, i loko o kona holoʻokoʻa lōʻihi-huahelu Bombers o ka aina i pono hoʻomōhala ma ka minute. I loko nō o ka kūlana kiʻekiʻe, Golovanov ia mau komo i loko o ka hakakā poe mikanele. I kekahi, hele aku la kela i ka mamao bombing kaua ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua. A hiki i ke kauwela o 1941, i loko o hoʻokahi mahina, lawe mai i ka Soviet pailota i ka moʻo o aviabombardirovok Pelelina.

Kēia i mua ma ka papakaukau bombardment o Moscow, a hoomaka iho la aneane koke ma hope o ke kaua i hoomaka ai. Ia Goebbels a hiki manawa, e olelo aku i ka Soviet air max loa luku i, a me Pelelina e loa ninini i ka hookahi pōkā pahū. Golovanov brilliantly hōʻoleʻia kāna i kēia wiwo olelo.

Ka mua holo ana i Pelelina Ua i ma 7 August. Soviet Kekoa lele ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 7000 mika. i ole weheʻia ke pailota ka oxygen ma ea paha, a komo i ka airwaves i banned. I ka lele ma luna o Kelemānia ?? eoi? Soviet Bombers i Hoomau pinepine loaʻa, akā, na ke Kelemānia a no laila,ʻaʻole ka mea, ke hoi i noonoo ai i ka manawa kūpono o ka ho'āhewa wale i ua ike lea ia ka mea, ua lākou mokulele. Over Stettin i hui pū pāpaho i no ia mau mea, e lawe ana i ka heleʻauana mokulele o ka Luftwaffe. E like me ka hopena, e like me na mea a pau elima Kekoa hiki papa hopeʻia ma luna o Pelelina, a pono-ho'ā lossless hoʻi i kā lākou mau kumu.

Ua kohoia Golovanov luna o kēia mau e haʻalele iho ai ma hope o ka lua o ka hoao, a i wahi ma August 10. Ua i ole ia pela holomua. O ka 10 kaa e papa hopeʻia ma Pelelina hiki wale 6, akā, elua wale hoi. Ma hope o ia, ka meʻe o ka Soviet Union Vodopiyanov wehe 'ia mai kona wahi i luna o ka mahele, a ua UAIAaIN e Golovanov.

Ke meʻe o ko mākou 'atikala oia pinepine ae la oia lele maʻenemi poʻo. German manao i ka manawa kaulana ana ia i waena o ka mea mau i ka hanana pono i ka ke kōkua o ke Stalin. Ka hope hoʻi kēia iā ia wale nō ma ka inoa i loko o ka kūikawā hoailona o ka mea i hilinaʻi ai.

Me nā hanana o ia mau makahiki a me ka piliʻauheʻe Stalin ma ka Tehranʻaha kūkā, ka mea kino hoʻolālā Golovanov. Ke alanui hele aku ma luna o nā Kekoa. Ma hope o ka huila o ka lua, capping ua Golovanov. A me Stalin, Voroshilov a me Molotov waihoia mai e lawe Lutanela General maunakea Viktor Grachev.

I ka makahiki 1944, Golovanov ola seriously deteriorated. Ua hoomaka ae la e hoopilikia spasms, ka hoʻohuikau 'ia ma ka naau, naehana hopu. E like me ke kauka, i ke kumu o keia ua i ka pololei, nele o ka hiamoe, a maoli alakai ai i ka make ana o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ia i ke kaua me Nazi Kelemānia Golovanov i ka mooolelo no ka mea Soviet na puali koa, e ala ana, mai ka ano o ka lutanela colonel i luna ea ilāmuku.

Hopena ma hope o ka kaua

Ma hope o ke kaua, i ka MH 1946, ua hoonohoia Golovanov luna o ka lōʻihi-huahelu maunakea o ka Soviet Union. Eia naʻe, ma hope o nā makahiki wehe 'ia mai kona wahi. E like me ka mea nui, i ke kumu o ua ola, a ua ehaeha nui ma hope o ke kaua.

Golovanov puka 'o ia mai ka Academy o ka General Staff. Akā, laila, hiki ole kiʻi hoʻi i ka poʻe hao wale. Aohe mea nana i hana. ʻAʻohe hilahila Alexander E. hoouna hou i ka palapala no Stalin. A mua i ka makahiki 1952ʻo ia i kauoha mai ai i kekahi o ka airborne mau pūʻali. Ua ua He loa'ē olelo hooholo. Loa ma mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka maunakea mau pūʻali i kauoha mai ai i ilāmuku o ka lālā. No ka ona, ka mea, uaʻoi aku ko lākou lepo. Golovanov a hiki noi ma ka pili ana i ka palapala noi i ua hakumakuma i ke ano o ka colonel-mau, akā, ua hoole mai.

I ka 1953, ma hope o ka make ana o Iosifa Stalina, hope hoouna aku la i ka meʻe o kēia 'atikala i ka koena. Ma hope o 5 makahiki, oia noho ma ka lapauila o ka Hope Alii ma ka Research Institute o Kanawai maunakea no ka holo hana. He hoʻomaha loa i ka 1966.

Ka puke o Memories

Ma hope o ko Laieikawai, ka meʻe o kēia 'atikala i hōʻike iā ia iho e like me ka mea kākau, memoirist. A puke o Memories palapala mai Golovanov Aleksandr. "E mau ke-huahelu Bomber" - e like me ka mea ua kapaia. Ma na aoao, keia Kawaihae ua hoʻolaʻa i pilikino halawai a me ka launa pu ana me Stalin. No ka mea, o keia, i kona wa e ola ana i hele mai me ka nuiʻoki. ua hiki ke ike wale nō i loko o ka hopena o 80s Uncensored Edition heluhelu.

I ka 2007, i ka polokalamu ma ka manawa o ka puke o na memoirs Aleksandra Golovanova. ʻia .................... o ka mea kākau, ma ke ala, ua pono kekahi puke. Akā, no ka mea, o keia mea, aole ia i lilo emi waiwai.

Golovanov iho make iho la i ka 1974. He ua i ka '71. Ka hoʻolewa i wahi ma ka Novodevichy pā ilina.

Personal ola

Alexander Golovanov, kona 'ohana i mau kākoʻo, mare i loko o kona wā'ōpiopio a hiki i ke kaikamahine a ka mea kālepa o kaʻahahui mua. Kona inoa ua Tamara. He ua he kanaka maoli o Vologda'āina a pau. Ua ola i kana kane e oi aku mamua o 20 makahiki. Ua make i ka 1996 wale.

Ka mea, heʻelima keiki. Eha ana mau kaikamahine - Svetlana, Tamara, Veronica a me Olga, a me kekahi keiki - Sviatoslav. He ua ka muli loa.