Allelic a me ka 'ole-allelic nā'ōewe

aaiaoe? waiwai

Me ka loaʻa o aaiaoe kumu o ka 'epekema i loaa ia nui hou noiʻi kumu kūpapakū o evolution - ka aaiaoe kivila. I ka mea i waiho ai i ka 'ike e pili ana i nā loli i hala a me ka mai ana mai i ke kūpono' ana o ka meaola.

nā kūpuna mai, a oko hiʻohiʻona e leie aku oe e hoola wale i ka maikaʻi quality, akā, ma kahi nele i ka loaʻa hou uuku, ka hoʻomaikaʻi i ka 'ole a me ka hoʻopukaʻana i ka lanakila ma maoli wae.

Walaʻauʻana manaÿo o aaiaoe?

Ma kēia aaiaoe iki iloko no chromosomal'āina hoʻoili maliu pähola 'ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE kūpapakū mea he morphological chromosome - ka' ole o ka Punk DNA luna '(chromatin) mai i ka wa o ka hoʻololi kemikala o nā polokina, a ua heluhelu' ike.

Aaiaoe? Nānā 'ana i kekahi mau manaÿo: ka'ōewe (ka DNA Hoʻohana helu kuʻina no kekahi mau' hiʻona pa alima), genotype a me ka phenotype ( 'ia paha o nā'ōewe a me kāna moʻolelo o ka meaola), gametes (germ keena me ka hookahi kau o chromosomes) a me ka zygote (s diploid aeee).

Nā'ōewe, ma ka huli, e hoʻolaha i loko o ka Hoʻohaku (A) a me ka recessive (i) ke kaumaha ma muli o ka prevalence o kekahi hiʻona ma luna o kekahi allelic (A, a me ka) a me ka 'ole-allelic nā'ōewe (A a me B). Allelic aia ma luna o ka mea hookahi chromosomal aina a me ka helu kuʻina kekahi hoailona. Ole-allelic nā'ōewe i loa kue ia ia e ke aupuni 'ma kekahi mau kahua, a encode kekahi mau hiʻona. Naʻe, hoʻowahāwahā keia, ke ole-allelic nā'ōewe i ka hiki i ka pāʻani aku i kekahi i kekahi, e haawi ala i ka hooulu ana o ka loa hou hiʻona. E like me ka qualitative haku mele 'ana o alleles meaola hiki ke maheleia i homo- paha heterozygous i loko o ka hihia mua nō i ka ia nā'ōewe (AA, Aa), i loko o ka' ē aʻe - e okoa (Aa).

ʻano papa hana a me ka'ōewe hana kūleʻa huakai kaapuni

'Ano apau loa 'ōewe AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka geneticist Amelika T.H.Morgan aʻo. Nā hualoaʻa o kona noiʻi, ka mea, ua oleloia ma ka chromosome pähola 'ana o nā kūpuna mai. E like me kona nā'ōewe komo i loko o kekahi chromosome e ili pu. Oia nā'ōewe i kapaʻia ua hoʻopili a me ka hana i ka pela-kapaia linkage pūʻulu. I hoʻi, i loko o kēia mau pūʻulu no hoi ia lŘlŘ ma'ōewe recombination crossover - chromosomes a haawi aku i kela mau apana a pau. Ma keia loa Logical, a ua maopopo ma ka mea e i hoʻonohonoho 'ana i nā nā'ōewe kekahi ma hope o ka mea' ē aʻe, kaawale ana i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka i kela kapa-no ka mea, i hooleiiaʻi mawaho, a ua ili pu.

Inā he mea i ka mamao ma waena o nā nā'ōewe, ka pahiki o ka hookaawale ole - keia kŰia ua kapaia "kāpili mea pīlali nā'ōewe." E olelo ia i loko o oi au mamuli, ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka allelic nā'ōewe ia lŘlŘ i ekolu ano manaʻo: piha dominance , e haawi aku i ka maʻemaʻe Hoʻohaku kāna moʻolelo, kāpili dominance e haawi waena kodominirovanie hiʻona, a me ka'āina hoʻoili o nā moʻolelo. i ole-allelic nā'ōewe i ili nui ka paʻakikī i: i ka manaʻo o ka complementarity, polymers a epistasis. Here e e ili nāʻano, akā, me he okoa loa.