Aluminum hiʻona. Aluminum: kekahi mau ano

Kēlā me Nine Inch hehee ai hiki ke noʻonoʻo mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka ekolu sciences: ke kālaikūlohea, kemika a me ka kālaimeaola. Ma keia 'atikala mākou, e ho'āʻo i pili loa i hiki, e emi iho i ka Aluminum. Kēia hehee ai, i mea i loko o ke kolu o ka pūʻulu a me ke kolu o ka wā, e like me ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika pakuhi. Aluminum - mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a mai ka awelika reactivity. No hoi ia mea hiki ke mālama i pili 'o Randy amphoteric waiwai. Aluminum'ātoma kaupaona ana o ka iwakalua-eono nā huna no kameleona.

Helu ano Aluminum

Ma lalo o maʻamau aku ana ia mea he paa. Aluminum haʻilula ka loa mea. Ua ninoieo o nā'ātoma (e hui pu iho la i loko o ka lātoma), a i ua kūponoʻia me ke kōkua o ke aniani puka olu oia i loko o ka paa waiwai. Aluminum waihoʻoluʻu - kala-keʻokeʻo. Eia hou, ka mea, i ka mea hao alohilohi, e like me kekahi'ē aʻe waiwai o keia pae. Ke ano o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ia i loko o ka hana, hiki e kekahi mau no a hiki i ke alo o impurities i loko o ka oka a pau. He He 'ano Lightweight metala. Kona pa apŘ like ia 2,7 g. / Cm3, a laila ka mea, o ka hola ekolu mau manawa māmā ma mua o hao. Ma keia la oia e hee aku, koe wale ia ka makanekiuma, i ka hiki pono i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma ka nīnau. Ka paakiki o ka Aluminum mea he haʻahaʻa. Ma ka mea, loa ke hooheheeia ia i hāʻawi mai. Aluminum paakiki o elua wale ma luna o ka Mohs me ka unahiʻole. No laila, no kona waiwai ma luna o ka muli o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia oka a hoʻohuiʻia ka paʻakikī.

Aluminum heheʻe ia lŘlŘ i ka wela o ka wale 660 kekelē Kelekia. A e hoʻomaka e hoʻolapalapa ka wā enaena i ka wela o ka degere elua tausani,ʻehā haneri a me kanalima-mau Kelekia. He He loa ductile a me ka fusible metala. Ma keia physical ano Aluminum welau. Aka ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka hana metala i ka mea maikaʻi ma hope o ke keleawe a me ke kala conductivity.

Ke prevalence maʻano

Aluminum hoakaka a mākou i pono, noonoo iho la, he pono ole ma ke kaiapuni. Ua hiki ke ike i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o na mea he nui nā minelala hao. Aluminum hehee ai - ha o ka waena o ka loa, he pono ole ma ke ano. Kona kaumaha hapa iki i loko o ka Honua ka pńpa Ua aneane eiwa pakeneka. Major nā minelala hao a pau loa imua i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o kona nā'ātoma mea bauxite, alumina, cryolite. Mua - He pōhaku ho okumu, a he o ka hao oxides, silikone, a me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia ma ka nīnau, i loko o ka 'ole o ka wai nā lātoma i hiki mai. Ua loaʻa he pili-ʻaʻahu ana i nā pōpō: oho koena ai, ulaula iki-mea eleele a me nā waihoʻoluʻu, a hilinaʻi ma ka alo o ia wahi impurities. Mai ke kanakolu o ke kanaono pakeneka o ka ole - Aluminum, kona kiʻi hiki ke ike ma luna. Ua mea hoi, he pono ole loa i ke ano maoli mea pōhaku mea alumina.

Kēia alumina. Kona Nine Inch haʻilula - Al2O3. He hiki i ulaula, he lenalena, uliuli a me ka eleele. Kona paakiki ma ka Mohs unahiʻole, i mea eiwa huahelu. Nāʻano likeʻole o ka corundum mea kupaianaha ka sapeira, a me ka'agate, leicosapphires a me padparadzha (yellow sapira).

Cryolite - he mea pōhaku me ka oi luna 'Nine Inch haʻilula. Ua ninoieo o na fluorides o Aluminum a me ka paʻakai - AlF3 • 3NaF. Ua nana e like colorless poʻo a me ka pohaku, he haʻahaʻa paakiki - a pau ekolu i ka Mohs me ka unahiʻole. I keia la o ka honua ka mea, ua synthesized artificially i loko o ke keʻena hoʻokolohua. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o metallurgy.

I Aluminum hiki ke loaʻa ma ka 'ano he māhele ia o ka lepo, a nō ka nui eiiiiiaiou o silikone a me oxides o ka metala pili me ka wai nā lātoma. Eia hou, i ka Nine Inch hehee ai hiki ke malama i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka nepheline, Nine Inch haʻilula o ka i mea like penei: KNa3 [AlSiO4] 4.

? eaia

Aluminum noonoo hiʻona hoʻolako ki ina hana o kona hoʻololi kemikala. He nui na ano. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o Aluminum ma ka papa hana mua i wahi i loko o ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. I ka hope o kēia mau mea i ka kaʻina hana o ka electrolysis ma ka cathode a me kekahi o carbon anode. No ka lawe ana mai ia i ka hana pono i ka Aluminum'okesaside, a me auxiliaries e like me cryolite (haʻilula - Na3AlF6) a me ka kalipuna fluoride (CaF2). I mea e ana i ka decomposition o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe alumina, ia mea e pono ai me ke kii i cryolite a me ka kalipuna fluoride enaena i ka wela ma ka liʻiliʻi loa,ʻeiwa haneri a me kanalima degere centigrade, a laila kaʻahele hoʻi ma ka papa o kēia mau 'ona i loko o ka kanawalu tausani amperes a anakahi uila five- ʻewalu volts. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka mea, i ke kaʻina hana no ka maluhia iho la Aluminum cathode, a me ka oxygen ma nā lātoma e e ohi i ka anode, i ka huli ua oxidized anode, a hoohuli ia i loko o carbon dioxide. Mamua o ka hooko ana mai i kēia kaʻina hana bauxite, a ma ke ano o ka Aluminum'okesaside ua extracted, mālama '-ua holoiʻia o nā impurities, a hele i ke kaʻina o ka dehydration.

Aluminum? Iecaianoaaiiuo hana i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna ka loa, he pono ole i ka metallurgy. Aia Ua i kekahi papa hana, invented ma 1827 ma F. Wohler. , Ae waiho nei ma ka mea i Aluminum hiki ke extracted ma kekahi Nine Inch naoh ma waena o kona koloriside a me ka potasiuma. E lawe mai ia i ka kaʻina hana hiki wale ke hana i loko o ka palapala o ka kūikawā olelo o kiʻekiʻe loa ana wela a me ka holo. Penei, hoʻokahi kameleona o koloriside a me ka like ka leo o ka potasiuma hiki ke hoomakaukauia kekahi kameleona o alumina, a ekolu iole o potasiuma koloriside me he he hopena ia. Kēia naoh hiki ke olelo ia e like me keia helu kaulike: AІSІ3 + + 3K = AІ 3KSІ. Kēia papa hana i i loaa i ka puu o ka hiʻona i loko o ka hana.

Aluminum hiʻona i hua'ōlelo o kemika

Me ua i haiia ae maluna, ia mea he mea waiwai, a ua i mai o nā'ātoma i mea ole i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i loko o ka lātoma. Similar hale i hanaʻia, ke aneane pau ke hooheheeia. Aluminum i ka kŘpa a kiʻekiʻe reactivity a me ka ikaika hoemi ka waiwai. Nine characterization o ka Aluminum, e hoʻomaka me ka ho'ākāka 'ana o kona reactions a me nā mea waiwai, like e e ho'ākāka' ia hou ia AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka luna ''okanikaʻole i huiʻia.

Aluminum a me na mea waiwai

Kēia loaʻa he kuhikuhi oxygen ma - ka loa, he pono ole i huiʻia ma luna o ka Honua. kona iwakalua-kekahi pakeneka o ka Honua ka lewa mai ua haku. Naoh o ka waiwai a me kekahi 'ē ike i'okesaside, a me ka aa ana. Ua IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ia lŘlŘ ma kiʻekiʻe mahana. Akā, ma ka hihia o ka Aluminum e'okesaside ma maʻamau pae'ōnaehana kūlana - ka no laila, i hana'okesaside ho film. Inā kaʻeleu metala ua ho'ōki loa, ka mea, e kuni i ka mea, pela ka hoʻokuʻu 'nui dala o ka ikaika e like me ka wela. No ka lawe ana mai i ka naoh ma waena o Aluminum a me ka oxygen ma pono i kēia mau eiiiiiaiou i loko o ka molar lākiō o 4: 3, kahi o nā māhele mau kiʻi'okesaside.

Kēia Nine Inch naoh ua hoikeia ma ka helu kaulike kēia: 4AІ + 3O2 = 2AІO3. I Aluminum hiki ke pane koke me halogens i nā fluorine, iodine, bromine a me ka chlorine. Nā inoa o kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana mai, mai ka AYEIE halogen: fluorination, iodination, bromination a me ka chlorination. 'O kēia ka typical huina naoh.

No ka laʻana, ua reacting Aluminum me ka chlorine. Kēiaʻano o ke kaʻina hana hiki wale ana i loko o ke anu.

Penei, lawe nāʻiole o Aluminum me ekolu iole o chlorine, e haawi mau iole o ka metala koloriside. Ke helu kaulike no keia naoh mea like penei: + 2AІ 3SІ = 2AІSІ3. Ma ke Pela no hoi ia mea hiki ke loaa ka Aluminum fluoride, bromide a iodide ia.

Ma oho i ka waiwai ma ka ninau reacts wale ka wā enaena. No ka lawe ana mai i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ka mau hui e pono e lawe ia i loko o molar huliāmahi o elua i ekolu, a me kekahi hapa o ka sulphide i hanaʻia o ka Aluminum. Naoh helu kaulike Ua like penei: 2Al + 3s = Al2S3.

Eia kekahi, ma kiʻekiʻe ana wela a me ka Aluminum reacts me kalapona, e hana i ka carbide, a me ka naikokene e hana i kekahi nitride. Kekahi ke kuhikuhi aku i ka mea kēia Nine Inch naoh helu kaulike: 4AІ + 3C = AІ4S3; 2Al + N2 = 2AlN.

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka luna 'waiwai

O nā wai, paʻakai, nāʻakika, kumu, oxides. A me nā mea a pau o ka Nine Inch i huiʻia o ka Aluminum reacts okoa. E ka nana aku i ka au mamuli kēlā me kēia hihia.

No AiON me ka wai

A me ka loa, he pono ole ka waiwai ma ka honua nei Aluminum eiiieaena hana me ka paio hahana maoli nō. Kēia ia lŘlŘ wale i ka wa a na ka mua ana o ka'okesaside ho film. Ke AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka amphoteric hydroxide ua hana, a me ka hydrogen ua hookuu ia i loko o ka lewa. Lālau aʻela ia i nā māheleʻelua o ka Aluminum a me eono māhele o ka wai, ua loaa hydroxide a me ka hydrogen i loko o ka molar lākiō o ka elua a hiki i ekolu. Ua palapala kēia naoh helu kaulike like penei: 2AІ + 6H2O = 2AІ (OH) 3 + 3H2.

AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me nāʻakika, kumu a me nā oxides

Like nā hana i eliiaʻi, Aluminum mea hiki ke komo i loko o ka hakahaka naoh. Pela ka mea, e pau ka hydrogen mai kaʻakika a me ka OE metala cation o ka paakai o ia mea. E like me ka hopena o kēia mau hana kūleʻa ka Aluminum paakai ua hana, a me ka hydrogen ua hookuu ia (i loko o ka hihia o kaʻakika) a precipitated metala upena (ka kekahi i ka mea emi hana ma mua o ka noʻonoʻo). I ka lua o ka hihia, a hoike akuk la hoemi ka waiwai e like me kau aʻela ma luna. Kekahi laʻana o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o Aluminum me hydrochloricʻakika, ai ka Aluminum koloriside ua hana a ua kuu i loko o ka lewa, hydrogen. ua kēiaʻano o ka naoh hoikeia ma ka helu kaulike kēia: + 2AІ 6NSІ = 2AІSІ3 + 3H2.

An laʻana o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o Aluminum ka paʻakai i e kona naoh me ke keleawe sulufahate. Lālau aʻela kēia mau eiiiiiaiou, ua hopena i me ka Aluminum sulufahate a me ka maʻemaʻe keleawe ulaula a hāʻule i loko o ka palapala o ka precipitate. Me na nāʻakika me sulfuric a me nitricʻakika, Aluminum reacts uniquely. No ka laʻana, ohui i ka dilute pāʻoihana o ke Aluminum nitrateʻakika i loko o ka molar lākiō o ewalu māhele ma kanakolu ewalu māhele ua hana o ka metala nitrate, ekolu māhele nitric'okesaside a me ka umikumamalima - wai. Ka helu kaulike o ka naoh ua palapala penei: 8Al + 30HNO3 = 8Al (NO3) 3 + 3N2O + 15H2O. Kēia kaʻina hana wale ia lŘlŘ ma ke alo o ka wela.

Inā ka hui kākoʻo pāʻoihana o ke Aluminum sulufahate, a me ka nawaliwaliʻakika ma molar huliāmahi o elua i ekolu, alaila, ua loaa i ka sulphate o ka metala a me ka hydrogen ma ka lākiō o kekahi i ekolu. I ka heleʻana, e hiki mai maʻamau hakahaka naoh, like o ka hihia a me nā nāʻakika. No ka mōakaaka, ua lawe mai ka helu kaulike: 2Al + 3H2SO4 = Al2 (SO4) 3 + 3H2. Eia naʻe, me he kiaʻana i kāna kākoʻo pāʻoihana o ka iaʻakika hou pilikia. Eia, e like me ia ma ka hihia me ka nitrate, i ka ma-huina hoonui ua hanaʻia, akā,ʻaʻole i loko o ka'okesaside palapala, a ma ka palapala o ka luaipele a me ka wai. Inā mākou e lawe i ka mau pono ai ke keʻena mākou i loko o ka molar lākiō o elua i eha, i ka hopena e ia i kekahi o ka paakai o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, a me ka luaipele, e like me eha - wai. Kēia Nine Inch naoh hiki ke hoikeia ma ka helu kaulike kēia: 2Al + 4H2SO4 = Al2 (SO4) 3 + S + 4H2O. A, Aluminum hiki ke pane koke me alkalis. E hana ia Nine Inch hana kūleʻa e lawe mau iole o ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia,ʻo ia ka nui o ka paʻakai hydroxide a potasiuma hydroxide like hoʻi me eono iole o ka wai. Kēia produces 'ona e like me paʻakai' ole potasiuma tetragidroksoalyuminat a me hydrogen, a ua hookuu ia me ke kinoea me ka pungent ala i loko o molar huliāmahi o ka elua a hiki i ekolu. Kēia Nine Inch naoh hiki ke poe ma ke kēia helu kaulike: 2AІ + 2KOH + 6H2O = 2k [AІ (OH) 4] + 3H2.

A me ka mea hope mea e noonoo nei i ke kumu o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me kekahi Aluminum oxides. Ka loa, he pono ole, a ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hihia - naoh Beketov. Ua, e like he nui'ē aʻe mai o ka luna, wale lawe wahi ma kiʻekiʻe mahana. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka kona manaʻo e lawe mau iole no kameleona o Aluminum a me ka ferrum'okesaside. Ke AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o kēia mau waiwai loaa alumina, a me ka hao i loko o ka nui o kekahi a me nāʻiole pakahi.

I ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka metala i loko o ka hana

E noke ana i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka Aluminum - he nui loa, he pono ole kŰia. Mua o nā mea a pau, ka mea nele i ka maunakea oihana puolo. A me ka makanekiuma oka a pau, ma laila ua hoʻohana ', a ma ka kumu o ka metala oka a pau. I kekahi ke olelo aku i ka awelika pelane o 50% oka a pau o ka Aluminum a me kona holo - e 25%. Nō hoʻi, ka hoʻohana 'ana o Aluminum ua lawe mai i ka hana o ke kaula a me ka uwea no ka mea, o kona maikaʻi uila conductivity. Eia hou, i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia a me kona oka a pau e hoʻomano hoʻohana 'ia ma ke kaʻa hana. Kēia mau mea he poe kupapaʻu o nā kaa, nā kaʻa'ōhua, trolleybuses, trams kekahi, e like meʻike mau hi a me ka pila Loko Ka. No hoi, kona hoʻohana i uuku pālākiō palapala noi, no ka laʻana no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka'ōpala no ka ai, a me nā huahana, tableware. I mea e paka i kekahi kālā ka inika o ka metala ka pauka ua koi 'ia. Ka HW ua pono i ka mea e hoʻopale hao mai ka popopo. Ua hiki e mai la ia Aluminum - i ka lua o ka loa e like me ka hana ma ka hanalima ke hooheheeia ma hope Ferrum. pinepine kona wahi i pili, a ia ia i loko o ka Nine Inch oihana puolo. Keia ua wehewehe ia e ka mau Nine Inch ano o ka Aluminum, a me kona hoemi ka waiwai a me ka amphoteric i huiʻia. Hydroxide noonoo Nine Inch oihana mua e pono ai no ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Eia hou, ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka lapaau ana ma ke kaʻina hana o ka laʻau koʻokoʻo? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ua hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o kekahi mauʻano o ke ea a me nā pono hana.

Kūlana ma ke ano maoli

E like me ka ua, ua ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna, ke Aluminum me ka nui na mea ma ka honua o ka pńpa. He oi nui no ka noho ana meaola. Aluminum Ua hoʻomau ana ma ka rula o ka ulu ana o keʻano o ka hanaʻana, 'ano apau loa i ka connective nā'aʻaʻa, e like me ka iwi, ligamentous, a me na mea e ae. Me keia micronutrient keʻano o ka hanaʻana e noho o ke kino nā'aʻaʻa i wikiwiki. Kona hoole mai oia ua wehewehe aku ma ka kēia symptoms: hoʻopilikia i loko o na keiki o ka ulu a me ka ulu, i loko o nā mākua - maʻi luhi, hoemiia hana ana, hoʻopōʻino Hawaii ōhumu, hoemiia ka uku o ka'aʻaʻa e noho, i mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli o nāʻiʻo, o ka oi aku ma nāʻaoʻao. O kŰia ke'ākoʻakoʻa inā eʻaiʻuʻuku ai me ka maʻiʻo o keia kumumea'āweʻaweʻa.

Eia naʻe, he nui na pilikia o ka oi o ka Aluminum i loko o ke kino. Ua Ua pinepine malama mau symptoms: ka iini, kaumaha, hiamoe kāna hana, iaiyoe poho, stress, i hoopalupaluia, no ka musculoskeletal oihana, i hiki ke alakai i ka pinepine fractures a me sprains. Hooloihi ae i oi o Aluminum i loko o ke kino e pinepine pilikia ma aneane kēlā hui, kēia kahua.

Oia ka kŰia hiki i ka helu o ke kumu. He kuhikuhi Aluminum cookware. ʻepekema, Ua lōʻihi hooiaio i na ipu i o ka metala ma ka ninau, mea i pono no ka sayings ai i loko o ka mea, e like me ia ma ke ana wela kiʻekiʻe o ka Aluminum i loaʻa i loko o ka ai, a me ka hopena oe e ai ai i ka hailona hou o keia kumumea'āweʻaweʻa ma mua o ke kino e pono ai.

Ka lua o ke kumu - regular noi o nā mea hoʻonani i ka maʻiʻo o ka metala paha paʻakai o laila. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi huahana e e heluhelu akahele kona haku mele' ana. He i koe, a me nā mea hoʻonani.

Ke kolu o ke kumu - o ka hooponopono o ka ai ', i pihaʻi me he hailona o Aluminum, no ka lōʻihi manawa. Like pono me ka hoʻohana kūpono 'ole o nā wikamina a me dietary pakuʻi ai, i loaʻa ai ka microcell.

Ano, e ka nānā i ka huahana pihaʻi me Aluminum e hoʻomaʻa i kouʻai a me ka hoʻonohonoho i ka 'ike pono' ia. He kuhikuhi carrots, hoʻokō 'me ka waiū, me ka hua palaoa, alum, uala. Hua peaches a me avocados i paipai. Eia hou, i ka Aluminum-waiwai cabbage, raiki, he nui loa ia i na laauikiai. Nō hoʻi, no ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia cations i e ike i ka inu wai. E pale kiʻekiʻe a haahaa Aluminum ka maʻiʻo ma ke kino (aole nae, e like me kekahi 'ē kumumea oihana mua), e pono e akahele kanaka hoʻoponopono kā lākouʻai a me ka ho'āʻo e hana ia me' O ke kaulike i hiki.