He aha ia mea ma ka moana wai: i ka pakeneka haku mele 'ana a me ka pa apŘ

Ke kai huna loa o ka Honua Honua. Akā, He aha e mākou i ike ai ia ia? He aha ka wai kai? He aha nō kona physical waiwai? Ke wai kai mea okoa mai ka inu? A pehea e hana i kekahi i kekahi? ho'āʻo e mākou e pane a pau o kēia mau nīnau ma ka huli.

Aloha ka wai?

He nui nā kanaka ike pehea e hoao i ke kai, a me ka poe i ike, koho koke ihola nō ia mau. He palemo iho. Akā, heʻoiaʻiʻo nō 'oe ke hana i kekahi kai o ka hale, e like ma ka hoʻohuihui paakai a me ka wai? Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he oiaio ia mau mea. Helu o ke ano o ka wai i loko o ke kai, he 96,5%. Ke koe 3.5% - keia huikala. Mai la ko lakou mau haku mele 'ana i loaʻa mai wale nō i loko o ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19th, i ka holo o kaʻimi loa i ka lewa. Akā, lōʻihi ma mua kānakaʻepekema ike i impurities ana ka moana wai, i ole maʻamau papaʻaina paakai. I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ke kai a pau na oihana mua o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika nenoaiu o Mendeleev. Lākou alo i ka palena haʻahaʻa, akā, C. Brewer.

I mea hookahi huakaʻi, ua lawe 77 wai Eia kekahi laʻana ma kekahi wahi o ka moana. A laila, i i ke kahaha ko oukou naau loaʻa: hoʻowahāwahā ka nui dala o ka moana wai ma luna o ka ili o ka Honua, me ka pakeneka o ka nui Ion i loko o ia mau koe ka ia. He aha ke ano o keia, ua hoomaopopo ia ma lalo nei. I ka Ia manawa, ua loaʻa mai i mea i loko o ka wai kai.

Ke kūpaʻa o ka paakai haku mele 'ana

Ka mea, ua i kēia Kaka, i kapaʻia ke kānāwai Dietmar, ka mea i hanaʻia ma ka honua huakaʻi o ka pō 19th kenekulia. Chemist, nona ka inoa i haawiia mai ai i kēia kānāwai, aʻu i loaʻa i ka like ana o ke kai ka wai Ua kokoke mau ka papa kuhikuhiE Ion i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ke ao nei. Ke kaʻana like 'ana o nā waiwai ai uuku ia ia mea,ʻaʻole nui a me ka ua i ka wā i manaʻo' ana i nā hana likeʻole hydro-Nine Inch haʻawina.

Major Ion m. E. i huiʻia i loko o ka nui o ka oi aku 0,01%, e i ka paakai nuipa a. Ka mea,ʻano nui pili i ke kino ai a me ka Nine Inch waiwai o ke kai. Lākou helu hilinaʻi nui i likeʻole aʻe, a me? Aneie ana. Akā, i ka huina o ka paʻakai lehulehu i loko o ke kai, ua like ia 35,16 ‰, ke kaupaonaʻana impurities i ka maopopoʻano hāʻawiʻia i loko o ka papaʻaina ma lalo nei. E ka mea i loko o ke kai o ka ike.

Me mākou ke ike, he nui hapa ninoieo o chlorides. Ua haawiia ka manaopaa o ka paakai haku mele 'ana ma luna o ka muli o kēia mau' ike ia mea hiki e hooholo i ka piha haku mele 'ana o ka moana wai Eia kekahi laʻana. No keia mea chlorine lehulehu he pōpilikia, a ma muli o nāʻikepili loaa ma ka ike hoi oukou i ana, ka like ana o na kumu mua i koe.

physical waiwai

Like me kekahi ē paha i ho'ākāka, ke kai, ua likeʻole ano aʻepekema, mai noiʻi aʻo. Mauʻikepili haawi aku i ka manaʻo o ka mea he nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia ma ka hohonu, a i ka hopena ma luna o mākou Honua. No ka laʻana,ʻaʻole mea ike i ka wai i ka hiki i ka emi. Ma lalo o puʻe mai ka nuipa a hana ma luna o ia mai luna, ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ka buke.

Ma kaʻilikai, ia mea kokoke eʻike makaʻole, akā, no kaʻoi, i ka oi ahuwale ka mea, i kēia hiʻona. Ma lalo o ka manaʻo koikoi o ka haneri a me ka lewa no ka compressibility kīnā i kekahi 'ano nui me ka unahiʻole. ʻepekema, e olelo aku nei ia ina ole no keia waiwai o ka wai, ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kai 'ike, uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma 30 mau mika. Ma keia hihia, ina ua nana loa okoa ka Honua ka ili honua.

'ōmiko

Mākou i mua i loaʻa mai i ka nui o ka paʻakai i loko o ke kai, a ua ike i kona huina i aneane ua hoʻololiʻia. Naʻe, e loli aʻe iki - mai ka 33 a hiki i 37 ‰, me he mau hewa. Ka awelike waiwai o 34,72 ‰. Ua uku hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka nui o ke kimu ole i loko o ka hāʻawi'āina, i ka lewa mahana e loli ai i ka nui o ke omoāea, a me ka nui o ka wai kino, pono e pili ana i ke kai.

I ka lani kiekie loa pakeneka o ka'ōmiko kākau i loko o ka 'Akelanika. Ka awelika ma ka'ākau hapa o 35,06 ‰. Ka uuku waiwai e pili ana i ka Moana Pākīpika. Aka hoi, he mau loko ia ma'ōmiko ua me ka nui loa kiʻekiʻe ma mua o kaʻawelike nā loina. O nā ke Kaiwaenahonua, a Red Sea. High wela, kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ke omoāea, a he uuku ka nui o ke kimu ua hoalaia mai i ka moolelo kiʻekiʻe o ka'ōmiko 38-42 ‰. I mau, ka haku mele 'ana o ka moana wai o ka Black Sea, a he nui na mea e ae e pili ana i ka ia. Paha, i ka mea i ka mea, i nā mea a pau ua hoʻopili.

Kekahi hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ka wai kai he 5 ‰ paʻakai. Akā, i kēia huahelu ka loa pohihihi keia, wale i loko o ka mea pōhaku o ic ??. No ka laʻana, ka 'ilikai Azov kai'ōmiko - 11 ‰, Black - 18 ‰, Red - 41 ‰, a me ka moana - 300 ‰.

wela

He naʻaupō i ka manaoio i keia huahelu o ka ia no ka mea holoʻokoʻa nā wai i loko o ke ao nei. Ka ea ana wela i loko o nā wahi e kokoke ana i na auamo, ua kuu iho la i ka palena iki pae. Ma Kapikoowākea, ma ka mea ku ole, mau mea, he paa wela. Akā, me ka laulā o nā loli i loko o ka wai mahana mea nunui ma lalo, e papa koa, mai -2 i 30 ° ^C. ka awelika ma ka moana o ^C. wale 3,73 ° A, i ka wai kekahi mau manawa ma mua o kai mehana o ka hohonu o ka 2-5 tausani. m.

Hiki i kekahi huikau ma ka mea e ua kuu iho la i ka mahana o ka moana wai i loko o kekahi mau wahi i -2 ° ^C. All ike ia ma ⁰ ° C H ₂ O i ka hau. Ua mea, akā, i ka wai i ke kai, e like me mākou i ike, nā impurities e hoololi ae kona ano, a me ka hookomo pu i lalo ke kūpaleʻana wahi. Ke kiekie o ka pakeneka o ka'ōmiko, i ka lalo o ka uku. No ka laʻana, ka wā i kŘpa a uuku ka nui o ka paʻakai i loko o ka wai (24,7 ‰) ke kūpaleʻana mehana mea like i -1,33 ^° C

pa apŘ

Ke iki loli i loko o kēia anakahi ke kumu no ka wai ka hele, a alakai ai i ka ikea ana o vertical a me ka papamoe pele. Ia mea ke kumu o ka pa apŘ o ke kai ka wai i këia i kekahi o oceanographic noiʻi. Ua Ua ana i loko o kg / m + ³ a me ka ho i ke kaupaona no pa alima ka leo.

Nuʻa o ka wai ma ka ⁴ ° C He 1000 kg / m + ^3, a me ke kai ma ka'ōmiko o 35 ‰, - 1027,81 kg / ka m ^3. Kēia like kupu mai na impurities o ka constituent. Ka oi paʻakai na ma ka moana wai, ke kiekie o ka 'inideka o ka pa apŘ. Nui, kona waiwai papa koa, mai 1025 a hiki i 1033 kg / ka m ^3.

Eia kekahi, o ka pa apŘ o ka moana wai loli aʻe ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hohonu o ka kokoke ana i ka ili, no laila ia mea ma lalo. Akā, he mea hewa. No ka laʻana, i ka wa a ka omoāea pinepine 'pili me ka kiʻekiʻe mahana ma ka ili o ka' ōmiko, piʻi pū. Alaila, i ka pa apŘ o ke kai, a me ka luna papa maoli.

Nine Inch haku mele 'ana

Like mākou ho'ākāka luna, i ka nui o ka impurities ma ka moana wai i ka hola o ka ia. Akā, i ke ano o ka meaʻo ia ia mea ia mea?

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka hana ma kahi o 1 ieeeea makahiki aku nei i ka laekahi Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ke kai. E like laila ka mea, ua like palemo iho me ia i kēia manawa. He oi loa kahaha ko oukou naau mea mahuʻi pono ia R. Quinton, ka mea i loko o 1904 i hoike mai i ka mea pōhaku haku mele 'ana o ka moana wai, a me ke koko o kaʻoʻoleʻa o ka ia. I ka 1910, AB Mallun hookupaa iho la ia i kēia koho koke ihola nō. I kona ike, he lākou o Nine Inch i loko o ka wai kai i loko o ka manawa i ka wa a ka pokou mua cartilaginous iʻa, a, i like loa me ke koko o nā holoholona. Akā, a hiki i kēia manawa, i kēia kuhiakau i nā kākoʻo a me nā hoa paio.

Ke kai he heʻano o ka waiwai, i ka helu o ka i haawiia mai ma ka pakeneka i loko o ka papaʻaina kēia.

Kēia papa paha e iki okoa i loko o kekahi wahi. No ka laʻana, hapa o ke Black Sea kai wai paʻa kūhohonu loa me ka hydrogen sulfide, me sulufahate-hoemi koʻohune i maopopo kaila.

Hea ka paʻakai hele mai?

Mākou Ua ike ia mea i ka haku mele 'ana o ke kai, ka wai e like me ka pakeneka. Akā, ma kahi i hana i kēia mau waiwai, a ke kumu o ka moana i kaʻaiʻana?

I mea, o ka paʻakai, he ole wale i loko o ka moana wai, akā, i loko o hawaiian wai. Wale nō ka lehulehu o nā minelala hao, he mea i haʻahaʻa i ka mea,ʻaʻole e hiki ke 'ike' ole i ka kūikawā Ka Ikepili. River holoi mai o ka lepo ma luna o kou paakai ala i makemake hope haule i loko o ke kai. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ke ana wela o na evaporates kai wai, a na nā minelala hao e waiho ma ka wahi.

Akā, hiki ina ia he kaʻina ka loihi o na makahiki, makemake ole i ka wai kai lawa ka paʻakai. Kaniak a puni waiho pele haʻawina lalau wahi i loko o ka honua o ka pńpa. Ka pelemaka e waiho ana i kaʻili kai, ia mea kawili pu ia me ka wai a me ka saturates ia me nā mea pōhaku waiwai. Ia mea ke kumu o ka Nine Inch haku mele 'ana o ka moana i hana ma kahi o hoʻokahi piliona makahiki aku nei, i ka wa lua pele haʻawina i K'lauea.

Hiki inu au ia?

He oiaio, ma ka buke a me kiʻiʻoniʻoni oe hulina ike i ka assertion ana ia mea hiki ole i ka inu i ka wai kai i loko o kekahi hihia? Akā, no ke aha la? O ka mea e like me ka wai, e like i kekahi'ē aʻe, wale heʻuʻuku nui o impurities. I ka mea, no ka mea, o ia ka mea, mea undrinkable.

I ka nui o ka paʻakai no laila, nui ma ke kai i kā lākou hoʻopau mai i ke kino e pono ai kekahi mau manawa nui ma mua o H ₂ O, i ka make ma mua o mua. I mea no ke aha la ma hope o kekahi palemo ihoʻai ai make wai. A ma ka moana wai, e like me mākou i ike, o ka maʻamau o ka ma kahi o 35 ‰. O ia ka leo o ka hailona.

Ma ka 1950s, he kauka a me ka hapa-hele Alain Bambara ho'āʻo ai ma ka ho'āʻoʻana, e hiki e inu i ka moana wai hebedoma me kekahi hewa, e ola. Akā, e kaha ma luna iho keia māmala'ōlelo mea i ke kumukuai o ia.

Akā, i hana aku ai i ka wai i loko o ka moana, a pio loa,ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka inu? Malia paha, akā, ma hope wale nō o ka desalination kaʻina.

Pehea e pakele o ka paʻakai?

We loaʻa mai ka mea i loko o ka wai kai. Akā, ma ka mea i ka mea i kupono no ka inu, pono e hoemiia e aneane 70 manawa i ka nui o impurities i loko o laila. Akā, pehea e hoʻokō i kēia hopena?

Aia i kekahi mau aoao e desalinate wai: .., Ion kuai, distillation, electrodialysis, etc. ka loa ka hoʻokō i ka poe e noi aku i ka mea uuku loa ikehu a me ka waiwai koina. Ka loa, he pono ole iaoiaeii ka distillation, akā,ʻaʻohe emi kaulana, a nana e hoole osmosis. Ma keia hihia, he kiʻekiʻe puʻe wai, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. I ka hopena - 16 000 nā lika no ka pono $ 1.

Electrodialysis hana, e like me ka inoa hoʻohuʻu, ua lawe mai ka mea o nā uila aʻa lolo. I ka manawa o ka inrush pono cations a me anions, a mākou i ana no i ka hoʻomaka o keia 'atikala, lawelawe niioaaonoaaiii i ka cathode, a me ka anode ma ke kupaianahaʻili lahilahi. Ka wai ma waena o nā nā uila aʻa lolo i nā desalted.

Na pomaikai o ka moana wai

Pinepine, i ka poe e ae, mai naehana maʻi, e hoouna aku i hoomaha i ke kai. I mea pololei, no ka mea, ka wai kai mai i ka pono ia ma luna o nā maʻiʻaʻai, bronchi a me ligaments. Mea pōhaku-waiwai kinowai disinfects, a pepehi pathogens. He aha aʻe mea maikaʻi kēia?

Noho ana i loko o malina aniau a me ka auau ma ka saltwater i ma luna o ke kanaka kino tonic hookoia, e like me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka functioning o ka endocrine nenoaiu. I ka hopena - he mahuahua e hoʻonele.

Iloko o ke kai bromo, iodo kalipuna, a he hoʻonui i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka kahua niho enamel a me ka nui aʻe ana i holoiʻia ia. No ka pane pololei, holoiʻia me kou waha, e e kekahi mau manawa o ka pule no 2-3 minuke. O ka papa, no kēia mau hana, ua pono ka wai wale pela hoomaemaeia kai, i ke loaʻa hiki ma ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau. Mamua o hoʻohana, mea e e lalana ana ia ia i ka mehana ea.

mea he maikai antiseptic Sea wai. Ua paipai 'ana i ka hoola ana o ka eha liilii, a me ka abrasions, ho'ēmi i kā maneo mai insectʻaki.