Antibiotics i ka hope hanauna o ka laulā-pae

Mawaena o na ai 'noho nui i wahi hope hanauna antibiotics hana ku e na mea he nui germs. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia no ka iapaau ana o infectious pathologies, a me ka nui loa hoemiia i ka make o nā mea maʻi, mai ka banal a hiki i ka lā pneumonias a me pyelonephritis. Manawa antibiotics no kōkua ai i nā a hōʻeleu i ke ola i loko o bronchitis, sinusitis, a ua lilo i mea hiki ke hana luna 'ʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau kaʻina hana. O'ōwili nā mea palahēhē i anaʻia me antibiotics.

Laulā-pae antibiotics (ABSHS)

Kēia waeʻano nā antimicrobial Luna hana ku e gram-io a me ka gram-maikaʻi meaola. Ka mua nō i ka causative konohiki o intestinal maʻi, hoʻoʻino pathologies o ka urogenital a me ka ÷ naehana hanu nenoai. Gram-maikaʻi meaola olelo i eha nā mea palahēhē a mediate i ka hanana o postoperative complications iʻoki kino.

List ABSHSʻokoʻa hoʻokuʻu manawa

Kekahi palahalaha pae antibiotic o ka hope hanauna e hana i ka protozoal nā mea palahēhē. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike nā nitroimidazole nā mea loaʻa - tinidazole, metronidazole a me ornidazole. Ka loa hoʻomano hoʻohana metronidazole no ka affordability. Kona papa mea like - tinidazole - like pae o antimicrobial haʻawina, akā,ʻaʻole pili parenterally. I mau, ua hōʻike mai iā ia a pau nā pūʻulu o ka laulā-pae antibiotics like penei:

• maoli penicillins;
• ingibitorzaschischennye aminopenicillin;
• pseudomonas penicillins, me ingibitorzaschischennye;
• cephalosporins III hanauna cephalosporins IV hanauna ;
• aminoglycosides pūʻulu;
• tetracycline antibiotics ;
• macrolide antibiotics;
• helu o ka carbapenem antibiotics;
• chloramphenicol;
• fosfomycin;
• rifampin;
• dioxidine;
• sulfonamides;
• quinolones, fluoroquinolones;
• nitrofurans pūʻulu;
• nitroimidazole antibiotics moʻo.

ua i hāʻawiʻia kēia papa i nā inoa o nā pūʻulu o ololi-pae antibiotics. Ka mea, e ho'ākāka 'ia i kekahi poe he uuku o microbes, a ua mana e ku e ia lakou. ololi-pae ai 'hiki ole e hoʻohana' ia no ka lapaau ana o superinfection a me ka mea i pili empirically. Ka mea, i hoʻohana 'ia e like me ka mua-laina antibiotics ma ka hoakaka pathogen.

Ka papa inoa o ka hala hanauna ABSHS

Ka mea ma luna o antimicrobial Luna no i ke ākeaʻano o ka ai '. Kēia mea he i ka papa inoa piha o nā pūʻulu o ka waiwai me ka hope ku gram-maikaʻi a me ka gram-io koʻohune. Naʻe, i ka papa he na ka hope hanauna o antibiotics a me ka poeikohoia mamua o ka pae. O ka poeikohoia o ka polokalamu hanauna o ka luna i na kēia mau pūʻulu o ka ai '.

• aminopenicillin mea e hoʻopale ai i Hoʻokolohua-lactamase ( "Sulbactam", "Ampicillin", "clavulanate" "Amoxicillin");
• cephalosporins o nā hanauna III a me IV ( "Cefotaxime" "Cefoperazone" "Ceftazidime" "ceftriaxone" "cefpirome" "Cefepime");
• hanauna III aminoglycoside antibiotics ( "Amikacin" "Netilmicin");
• 14- a 15-Aupuni Lālā a kalaka nui-kemikala macrolides ( "Roxithromycin" "Clarithromycin," "Azithromycin");
• Natural 16-Aupuni Lālā a macrolide antibiotics ( "midecamycin");
• fluoroquinolones III a me IV hanauna ( "levofloxacin" "sparfloxacin" "Gatifloxacin" "Trovafloxacin" "Moxifloxacin");
• carbapenems ( "meropenem" "Imipinem-cilastatin" "Ertapenem");
• nitrofurans ( "Nitrofurantoin" "Furazidin", "ersefuril").

Antibiotics mea i hoʻokoe 'ia mai i ka papa inoa

Mau mua hoomaluia antipseudomonal penicillins i ka palahalaha pae o ka haʻawina, akā naʻe, haawi wale iā P. aeruginosa ma nānaina o ka pono, e emi i ka paha hui 'ana me ka mea hope aku a me ka potent antibiotic. Kēia 'ano ua ālai i ka pilikia o ka lāʻau-hoʻopale koʻohune. Ka nui hopenaʻoi loa e ku e ia Pseudomonas maʻiʻaʻai hoike mai ai ia "tazobactam." Kēlā wā i kēia wā "Piperacillin" a me ka "clavulanate" hoʻohana i ka hope hanauna o antibiotics no pneumonia, kena ae la ma ka haukapila ke kanana nei o ka pathogen.

Nō hoʻi ma luna o ka papa i ole antibiotics hope hanauna pae o ka maoli a me ka Anati-staphylococcal penicillins. Ka mua hiki ole e ia i loko o hoʻomanawanui lapaau ku i ka pono o ka pinepine intravenous a intramuscular hooponopono. Ano e ae ia e lawe hōʻike waha, 'aʻole i nei. A like kulana ole me cephalosporins. Me ka ia pae o ka ha awina like me nā penicillins, ka mea hiki ole ke lawelawe hōʻike waha no ka luku i loko o ka'ōpū.

Cephalosporins a me penicillins parenteral ana - ka mea, 'o ka mea hope loa o ka hanauna o ka hoʻokō antibiotics no pneumonia. NASBʻepekema Ua pomaikai ae la lakou i ka ulu i ka laʻau heluna kino o enteral hooponopono. Eia naʻe, noiʻi iʻaʻole i hoʻokomo i loko o ka hana pono, a me ka helu o ka ai 'hiki ke hoʻohana i loihi wale nō i loko o ka wahi ola malama kulanui.

Nui ka hoʻokō antibiotics na keiki

ʻimi ana i ka hope hanauna o antibiotics, i ka papa inoa o ka ai 'paipai no na keiki, hou me ka nui loa. I ka wa, hiki wale nō ke hoʻohana 'ia e ka poeikohoia o kekahi mau aminopenicillins ( "Amoxicillin", "clavulanate"), cephalosporins ( "Ceftriaxone" "Cefepime"), macrolides ( "Azithromycin", "midecamycin" "Roxithromycin", "Clarithromycin"). Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, carbapenems a me nitrofurans hiki ole e hoʻohana no ka mea, o ka hooluhi hewa ana o ka ulu o ka iwi, ake a me nā konāhua kaʻawahia.

System nitrofurans mea i pili ma muli o ka nele o ka 'epekema hoike kākoʻo i ka maluhia o ka iapaau ana. Ke wale, koe nae ka "furatsillina", e pono no kūloko kanaka o ka eha. Hoikehonua, a me ka loa efficient antibiotics no ka hanauna hope o nā keiki e like me ia mahope iho: macrolides, penicillins, cephalosporins (inoa o ka ai 'i haawi mai ai ma luna). I ka pae ana o antimicrobial Luna i koe ka mea,ʻaʻole e waiho no ka mea, o ka meaʻawahia hookoia, a me skeletal kāna hana.

ABSHS no ka hapai wahine

E like me ka FDA Mea Maluna (US), wale he mau no ka hope hanauna antibiotics hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka hapai wahine, i mea uuku loa papa. Ka mea, no ka waeʻano A a me B, i mea no ka pilikia o ia i hoopaa ai ole teratogenic 'ole ma ka holoholona haʻawina.

Waiwai me ka unproven 'ole ma o ka fetus, e like me ia me ka alo o kaʻawahia hookoia hiki wale ke hoʻohana i ka hihia o ka prevalence o pākōlea hookoia ma luna o kaʻaoʻao (waeʻano C a D). Hoomakaukau X waeʻano oko ai teratogenic 'ole ma o ka fetus, ina he pono, no ka mea, o ko lākou hoʻohana pono abortion.

Ma hāpai keiki, na kēia antibiotics hope hanauna laulā-pae papa: hoomaluia aminopenicillin ( "Amoklav", "Amoxiclav"), cephalosporins ( "Cefazolin" "Ceftriaxone" "Cefepime"). Macrolides ( "Azithromycin", "Clarithromycin", "midecamycin" "Roxithromycin") e ae e hana i loko o ke kolu o ka trimester o gestation aie i ka mea i kā lākou teratogenic kanawai i ole ua maopopo? Anoee, a me ka nele o ka mea hiki ole ke unambiguously olelo. Kekahi, hapai wahine maluhia hoʻohana penicillin antibiotics i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o allergies.

I ka hoʻohana 'ana o antibiotics ma ka iapaau ana o ka bronchitis

All antibiotics hope hanauna laulā-pae, ma ka kumumanaʻo, hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no bronchitis a me ka pneumonia ina kā lākou pharmacodynamic ano a pau e pono no keia. Eia naʻe, loaʻa nō kaʻoi loa ano o ka naauao lapaʻau o ia mau maʻi. Ka mea lawe i ka mea likeʻole holomua pu ana o antimicrobials e hōʻoia 'laulāʻaoʻao pale o microbial ke kanana nei.

Nitrofurans, nitroimidazole nā mea loaʻa a me sulfonamides irrational ana i ka hoʻoʻino maʻi o ka naehana nenoaiu. Ka loa holomua pu ana o ka bronchitis a pneumonia, akemāmā pele ua hoomaluia macrolide me ka aminopenicillin ( "Amoklav" + "Azithromycin"). Hooloihiia bronchitis koi hookohu cephalosporin kahi aminopenicillin ( "Ceftriaxone" + "Azithromycin"). Ma keia ano, i ka macrolide i ke auou caiaiai me kekahi Analog papa: no ka "midecamycin" "Clarithromycin" a me "Roxithromycin".

A pau o kēia mau mea hou-hanauna antibiotics no ka bronchitis i ka haʻi hookoia, eia nae ka lapaʻau hoailona o ka maʻi i hoʻomau i e ike. Ke ana o ka laulā o ka lapaau - keʻano o ka cough me ka phlegm ke kiʻekiʻe o ua holoiʻia a me ka wela ke ola. I COPD i hoʻonāwaliwali dyspnea, ikaika loa ka makemake holomua, hoemiia cough alapine (frequency) mau makemake.

Haʻi'ōlelo lapaʻau o pneumonia

Pneumonia o mehana ia ma luna o ke kumu o ka bronchitis, akā, me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka cephalosporin a me ka macrolide. I ka wa lōpū i loa pneumonia kaiāulu-loaa o ke kumu hoonohoia cephalosporin ( "Ceftriaxone" a me "Cefepime") me ka helu o nā fluoroquinolones ( "Ciprofloxacin" a me "Levofloxacin"). Mau antibiotics o hope hanauna laulā-pae pono uhi microflora kaiāulu-loaa, a me ka hope o ko lākou hoʻohana i kekahi 'ma ka lua o ka lā o ka nohoʻana.

I kēia lā i ka mea hou hanauna o antibiotics no pneumonia (ka inoa i haawiia mai ma luna) pili i ka pathogen, kona nui oihana ma ka uhi a pepehi aku la ia ia. Na waiwai mua i kapaia bacteriostatic, bactericidal a me na ai 'hope. Cephalosporins, a fluoroquinolones aminopenicillin - bactericides, a me macrolides - bacteriostats. A, no ka hui malu pu ana o antibiotics manao, e hoʻonui i wale i ka laulā o ka hana, akā, no hoi, e like me na rula o ka hoʻohuiʻia kekahi lāʻau me ka bactericidal bacteriostatic kekahi.

Iapaau ana o ka loa pneumonia ma HITD

I ka mālama nui malama, ma laila e e hoʻomanawanui iki mai me ka loa pneumonia a me ka pilikia maʻi pale ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka intoxication. I ka papa kuhikuhiE na makana i ka oolea o ke ano o ia nā mea maʻi i pathogenic microflora i mea hoʻopale ai i ka hapanui antimicrobials. Ma ia wahi, i hiki, pili carbapenems ( "Imipinem-cilastatin," "Tienam", "Meropenem"), i ole i pololei ia no ka hana i loko o ka outpatient okoʻa no ka manawa.

Lapaau o sinusitis a me ka sinusitis

I kēia lā i ka mea hou hanauna o antibiotics no sinusitis paha sinus hoʻohana i pepehi germs. Ma na hoopii, kekahi e hoʻohana i ka bactericidal antibiotic. Eia naʻe, inā sinus ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia mea komo i ka paena o antimicrobial li nui. Nolaila, o ka loa olelo hoʻohana lāʻau cephalosporin. Lakou i mea hoike o ka "Ceftriaxone" a me "Cefepime." Ua e lawelawe hiki no hoi fluoroquinolone hanauna III - "Levofloxacin".

Lapaʻau o angina kēia antimicrobials

ka hope hanauna o antibiotics no ka nui loa puʻu, e hookohuia no na wahi mea. No hoi, a ma ka sinus, a me ka ia Anati-microbial Luna hiki ke hoʻohana i tonsillitis. Ke wale koena unuhi o ia i loko o ka hihia o ka li nui o na tonsils Hiki ke hoʻohana i a me antiseptics, no kekahi laʻana, "furatsillina" - i ka makaukau ana o ka helu o nitrofurans. ʻOiai angina aminopenicillins i hiki ke hoʻohana 'ana hoomaluia sulbactam ole clavulanicʻakika ( "Amoklav" "Amoksiklav" "Ospamoks"). A me ka ai 'ai e haawiia mai no 10-14 lā.

Lapaau o pyelonephritis a me nā mea palahēhē o ka genitourinary'ōnaehana

Ma muli o ka mea hoʻohaumia o ka urinary'āpana ma microbes, ka hope hanauna o antibiotics ma pyelonephritis pono no lākou nohoʻana. Ka nui pākōlea ciaʻaneʻi nō cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones a me nitrofurans. e hoʻohana 'ia i loko o Cephalosporins kŘpa a emi loa pyelonephritis, a me fluoroquinolones ( "Ciprofloxacin", "Levofloxacin", "Ofloxacin", "Moxifloxacin") - i ka mea hōʻemi i loko o ke kāʻei kua i ka Inc.

Ka loa holomua lāʻau, e pono no nā monotherapy, a no ka hui pu ana, me ka "Ceftriaxone" ka 'elele o kekahi helu o nitrofurans - "FURAMAG"). I quinolone hiki ke hoʻohana '- "Nalidixicʻakika". Recent ho okumu i kiʻekiʻe nā hoʻohui like i loko o ka mimi a e hana aku i ka causative konohiki o urinary nā mea palahēhē. Nō hoʻi, i kekahi manawa, i ka wa gardnelleze dysbacteriosis vagina, a noi aku la "Metronidazole".

Uluwehi O ia'ku a me kona kanawai

Aie i ka mea a eia i loli i loko o ka aaiaoe mea o microorganisms,ʻano nui koʻohune, he nui antimicrobial laulā ua me ka nui loa hoemiia. E loaa ia'ku ia ai ', koʻohune makaukau hana e ola i loko o ke kanaka kino ma ka mediating hoʻololi iho o infectious ka maʻi. Kēiaʻaoʻao noiʻi, e nana aku no a hahao i loko o ka hana pono hou antibiotics hope hanauna.

I ka wā o ke ola o antimicrobial Luna hoʻomohala no ma kahi o 7000 'ona i loko o ka kekahi alanui e hoʻohana i ka laau lapaau. Ka hapa nui o lakou, hele aku la mai o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka clinically nuiʻaoʻao waiwai, aole hoi no ka mea, o ka' āpana o microbial ia'ku no ia. No ka mea, i keia la ma ka lapaau noi ma kahi o 160 ai '. About 20 o ka ia - o ka hope hanauna o antibiotics, nona ka inoa pinepine hōʻike i ka 'inikua puke o antimicrobial Inc o infectious ka maʻi.