Bashkir uprising. Bashkir uprising 1705-1711: mea, lalau mai, nā hualoaʻa

Bashkir uprising o 1705-1711 makahiki i haʻalele kona hoailona ma ka mōʻaukala o Rusia. Kēia manawa, 'aʻole i lanakila hoʻomano uhi. E kū'ē i ka backdrop o ka Great Northern Kaua a me na nā mea hoʻololi o Petero i ka haunaele pinepine hooku iho la ia ma ka moʻolelo e like me ka nīnūnē wahi lulu pilikia.

kahi o ka hoike

Hana Party nō nā instigators, hoala mai i ka Bashkir kipi. I komo i loko o kēia mau hanana ua ole i oleloia i loko o nā hana o ke no oe ma ka Akä, no ka mea hoike, i ke kua'āina uprising o Pugachev. Ia manawa, ua lilo i ka mōʻaukala o nā kānaka i ka poʻe i komo i loko o ka Russian aupuni a pau, a me kona mōʻaukala. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka hooponopono palena,' ōlelo a me na aoao o na Bashkirs i loko o ka hala okoa mai i keia la. Ma mua o hōʻike no ka Bashkir uprisings o ke kakahiaka nui umikumamawalu kenekulia, pokole nana i ka moolelo o keia lahui.

Geographic Information

Hiki kūpuna Bashkirs e hōʻike 'ia i loko o kona mau palapala Herodotus a me Ptolemy. Ua Ua manaʻoʻiʻo i kā lākou mau lāhui ?? eoi? - ia hehi o ka Hawaiian Urals. ¶ʻO'Araba kumu o ka iwa o ka kenekulia pololei hoike mai i keia. E like me ia Ibn Fadlan, Bashkirs - Kauai e noho ana ma ka hema kumu o na Urals, kūlana 'uie kekahi wahi no ka Volga, kā lākou mau hoalauna ma ka hema-hikina i ke Pechenegs ma ke komohana - na Bulgars, ma ka hema - Oguz.

Sharif Idrisi, geographer o ka umikumamalua o ke kenekulia, hai mai la i na Bashkirs noho ma ka kêia kanaka o ke Kama, a me ka Urals. He olelo o ka hooponopono nui i kapaia o Nemzhan aia i loko o ka luna ino i o ka muliwai Lika (hiki Yaik ole Ural). Bashkirs i hana ma ka keleawe smelting, hoʻouku ilio hihiu a me ka beaver für, me nā pōhaku makamae. Ke kulanakauhale gurkhan, ma ka akau loa o ka muliwai Agidel, i i Bashkirs mea e nani ai, a me nā mea kaua me na mea kaua.

Ke kumu o na kanaka

Sources hōʻike i nā Bashkirs i noho loa i ka Yuzhnyy Ural. No ka lōʻihi manawa ka mea, ua na kanaka oi aku ka nui i loko o ka māhele 'āina. No ka 'ike ma ka wā e hele mai ai i ka Bashkir Yuzhnyy Ural pehea kā lākou e like me ka'ōlelo i hana, ka mea, ua i ikeia. Ka mea i ka mea, e ma ia i ka haahaa nui o ka? Acaeoey mea i haʻalele maopopo ko läkou '. I ka Ia manawa i nohoiaʻi e lehulehu Ugric ohana, ka poe nona ka elaborate aaioee o ka metala a me nā akamai i ka aina. Hoike o ko lākou noho puʻu a me nā hulikoehana loaa.

More a emi akaka manaʻo o ka Bashkir kanaka iʻikeʻia wale nō i loko o ka 16-17 kenekulia. Initially, ua hoopuehuia lakou i ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu. A laila, i kēia mau pūʻulu i hana i ka walaau ole oko ka moʻomeheu. E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, na Bashkirs i hele mai i ka Yuzhnyy Ural, mai ka Ural kaumaha, ma ka kekahi - o ka pae o ka Finno-Ugric ohana, ua undergone nui Turkization. Ke kolu a me ka loa pololei mana mea i na Bashkirs - i na koena o ka nomadic ohana i ua hō'ā i ka kūʻonoʻono ala o ke ola. Abrupt Aloha Hawaii loli ka pilina i ka nalowaleʻana o kekahi mooolelo moʻomeheu a me ka puku ia me ka 'ē aʻe. Ma ka manawa o ka loli ana o nomadic pastoralism ma kalaka nui-nomadic hanaia i loko o ka manawa mai ka 17 la a hiki i 19 la kenekulia. I ka Ia manawa, 'Imi e makaikai i ka Yuzhnyy Ural Lūkini. Pela, i UAIAaIN e Lūkini, a Finno-Ugric na mooolelo nohona o nā Bashkirs. Bashkirs i ioioie? A me ka mahiʻai. Part o ka kuʻuna moʻomeheu i ua nalowale. Colonization ana o na kanaka ua kŘpa a palupalu, i na mea he nui mālama he nomadic Aloha Hawaii. Wale me na lono o ka mea, hoʻoikaika ihola Christianization Bashkirs hewa.

'ōlelo affiliation

Bashkirsky 'ōlelo e pili ana i Kypchak Volga-subgroup i komo i loko o Qypchaq hui Tureke lālā Altaic' ōlelo. Aia i ekolu olelo: hema, hikina, akau-komohana. I ka wā kahiko, Bashkirs hoʻohana Turkic runic ke kākau 'ana, ma ke kahua o ka Hoʻomana Mohameka - Apapika Hawaiʻi. An hoao i ka unuhi i ka'ōlelo o ka Roma Hawaiʻi, i ka manawa i loko o ka Bashkir Hawaiʻi o kanakolu-ekolu Lūkini palapala, a me ka eiwa hou i hoʻokohu 'ia kekahi leo.

hoomana

E like me ka Arabia kahiko, na Bashkirs he kope pagan hilinaʻi. Kahiko ohana hoʻomana i nā akua he umikumamalua, i ka poe koa hōʻike 'ia lakou iho me ka holoholona hihiu. ʻae nō hoʻi, i ka hoomana kahiko a pau me shamanism. Au e wehewehe i kanaka Urals ¶ʻO'Araba moʻolelo coincides me ka hoʻomaka o ka hookamaia o Hoʻomana Mohameka Bashkirs. Bashkirs e hoomau ana i ka pono, e hoÿomaÿamaÿa Hoʻomana Mohameka kūpono i loko o ke koko, luku kipi.

hui Rusia

Ma ka 13-14 kenekulia, na Bashkirs he i kekahi hapa o ka Golden iā Goga. Ma hope o kona haule lāhui kanaka i mokuahana geographically. Western a me ka akau-komohana Bashkirs ma lalo o ka mana o ka Kazan Khanate. I ka nui o ka Central, hema a me ka hema-hikina hapa o Bashkiria i lalo ka noho aliʻi o ka Nogay iā Goga. pinepine Zauralskaya haawiia keia i like me ka Siberian Khanate. Iloko o ka noho alii ana Ivana Groznogo Bashkirs a pau khanate ma ka huli i Moscow kupa.

ae kūlana hoʻoholo i ka Bashkir kipi. Eia kekahi ma hope o ka hopu ana o Kazan. Ke komo i ka naau mai, kōkua ai i nā ma ka lapaau ana o na Lūkini tsar i na Bashkirs. Ivan Grozny i launaʻole concessions i na Bashkirs, hāʻawi ana iā lākou i ka patrimonial pono ma ka honua, ka hoopakele ana i Hoʻomana Mohameka a kūloko aupuni.

I ka moolelo o Libena

Hoao i ka hou loko i ka manifesto ua kena ae la he ākea eha ma ka naau ma ka aoao o na kanaka o Bashkiria. Ma hope o ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o nā'āina Romanovs Bashkir hoomaka ae la e 'Imi puunaue i ka landowners, pela ka uhaʻiʻana i ka patrimonial kuleana o na kanaka e aku i ka'āina. Ka haunaele mua mai ai i ka 1645. Next Bashkir uprising hang nei mai ka 1662 a hiki i 1664, 1681 a hiki i 1684, mai ka 1704 ma 1711 (1725) makahiki. Ka loihi manawa hana ua pili me ka hoao e huki Hoʻomana Mohameka. All Bashkir uprising lawe mai i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka pilikia a hiki i ka Lūkini moku'āina, a me ka huikau ana o ka hou aina. Kingship kekahi manawa hou hookupaa iho la ia patrimonial pono Bashkir, a haawi pono hou no e hoolaulea aku ai.

Bashkir uprising o 1705-1711 makahiki

E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, i ka uprising i ala hou mai i na lono o ka pāpā o ka Muslim hoomana, ma ka 'ē aʻe - ke kāʻili' ana i ka patrimonial aina a me ka hooulu ana i na auhau. Ma 'Aukake 1704 ma Bashkiria hiki Dohov Waihona Noʻeau o na auhau, a me Zhiharev Sergeev. Ka mea, a haʻi maila i ka hou aupuni kānāwai. Ua Ua kūkala i ka hoike ana o na auhau ma luna o ka Hale Pule Isalama, mullahs a me kaʻaha kanaka a ka hale o ke hoomana. Mosques a pau e kūkulu ma ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka Orthodox ekalesia, ka ilina ao i ka ekalesia, e hoonohonoho, malama i mooolelo o nā hoahānau o, a kakau o ka mare o ka make, e hoopaa ia ma ke alo o Orthodox kahuna. i ike i kēia mau HOU i makaukau no ka pāpā i ka Muslim hoʻomana.

Iloko o ka Great Northern War, koi 'ia kumu waiwai, a ua koi hou 200 000 lio a me 4,000 koa Bashkirs. Ka lōʻihi o ke kānāwai i lawe mai ai ma ka auhau Waihona Noʻeau, he 72 hou auhau. I kekahi, i hoʻolauna i ka auhau ma ka maka waihoʻoluʻu. Bashkir i huli kū'ē mai ana, a imi iho la e hookaawale lakou ia lakou iho no ka komo i loko o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Ka mua haunaele i wahi ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Aldara a me Kuzyuk.

By 1708 Bashkirs Samara, Saratov, Astrakhan, Vyatka, Tobolsk, Kazan i ua pio. Ke kipi i wale kaupalena ', akā, wale, e uhi i ka 1711 hope loa. State "pribytchiki" - auhau Waihona Noʻeau Dohov, Sergeev a me Zhiharev - ua maopopo kona a ua hoopaiia no ka ohi ana i kue auhau a me unforeseen kānāwai. Ke'ī mai, lalau mai i ua eliminated Bashkir uprising 1705-1711 GG. I loko nō hookupaa wale i ka 1725 Bashkirs hou hoopaa ia, laulea a hiki i ka Lūkini Emperor ka maluhia. Hopena o ka Bashkir kipi, ua loaa ole ia. Pepehi nui Lūkini, a Bashkir, eha ma ka naau ua nō malamaia no.

I ka makemake o na kanaka i ka pakiko-Ka hoʻoholo 'aʻole i emi ma hope o ka tsarist aupuni concessions, akā, ala ae la kekahi kaua kipi i koke. Ole, koe nae, i uhi pū i ka haunaele, a ua hoopaiia na'lii o na instigators.

kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao uprising

E pehea ulu ka Bashkir kipi i ka ike. I ka papaʻaina ma lalo wehewehe i nāʻanuʻu a me nā hanana.

make

Ke kumu no ka pio ana o ke uprising Bashkir lehulehu. Fragmentation o ka lāhui pūʻulu a me kā lākou mau kalaka nui-nomadic ala o ke ola ua e like no me ka pomaikai ana o ke aliʻi ka poʻe hao wale, a me ka ku e ia lakou. Hopu a me ka luku aku i ka poe uuku a kipi lio kaua, e mālama iā lākou, mai ka Lūkini noho ka mea, ua paʻakikī loa. I huli ai oe, i ka poʻe kipi, me kaʻoʻoleʻa centralization, hana kaawale. Nā Pahuhopu o kanaka pūʻulu - mai ka banal robberies e ho okumu i ka kūʻokoʻa moku'āina. Bashkirs he poorly mākaukau i ke kaua, i oleʻaʻohe pakaua, ua hiki ke alakai i ka pua. Lanakila ia i wehewehe hoʻohana 'ana i ka kūloko heluna kanaka, ka poi pu superiority ma ka loa a me ka hehee ai o ka haohao. Ke kumu no ka pio ana o ke uprising Bashkir i moe i loko o ka hikiʻole, e negotiate, ana internecine paio a me ka mau miscalculations instigators.

Last Bashkir uprising

Next hoao mai la lakou e hoala mai i ka Bashkir kipi ua hiki hou koko. Kumu Bashkir uprising like me ka mua poʻe. Puunaue o patrimonial aina ana kanaka alakai i ka kipi ana o ka lāhui 'ōiwi heluna. Iloko o ka uprising Bashkirs oia i koho kona mau aliʻi - Suletana Giray. Mahalo i ka "oiaio" Russian Bashkir uprising i paopao. Bashkir uprising 1735-1740 makahiki koi i ke ola o kekahi i ka eha Bashkir.

I ka 1755 -1756 makahiki, e lawe ana ka lanakila o ka hua o ka lanakila, ka Russian aupuni a hoʻoholo i ka uku i ka Bashkirs i Kristiano. Mai hemo mai hou nalu o ke kipi. i ole i na kipi lōkāhi, ma lalo o ka puʻe o Lūkini poʻe hao wale, he nui wale o lakou i waiho ai i loko o ka Kazakh steppes. Elizabeth II huki mai i kā lākou mauʻaoʻao o ka Volga Tatars, a ua pepehi hou na kipi.

I 1835-1840 makahiki ma ka pili ana i na lono e pili ana i ka hoʻololi Bashkir kauwa kua'āina uprising wawahi mai ma lalo o serfdom konohiki. Ua komo i loko o ka huina o ma kahi o 3,000 kanaka. Ke kauwa ke ole rebuff poʻe hao wale i luku. I ka pau 'oe i ka Bashkir kipi. Serfdom ma Rusia mea ma ka hoole mai oia, a ua patrimonial aina hou hoopa aku. ? Ac? Aaioea manufacturing a me nā kumu waiwai i pōʻalo, a loaʻa iā pili i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka māhele 'āina.