Boggy soils. Lepo Hoikehonua Rusia

Ma mua o ke aʻo i nā pohopoho soils, ka mea i pono, e hoole i keia "lepo" ma ka mau. He nui koke imua kula ka papa, i ke kumu o maoli mōʻaukala a me kana mau olelo e pili ana i ka paakiki iwi o ka Honua - ka lithosphere. Ka luna, ahu iho i kekahi hanana Hawaiʻi - fertility. 'O kēia ka lepo. Ua momona , ahu iho i hana ma miliona o ka makahiki.

kumumea o ka aina ho okumu

He Hoikehonua Rusia He nui ka aina, e like me ka'āina iho. Makua, pohaku, aniau, kanu, 'äina - nā kumumea i ho ololi i ke kahua o ka topsoil. Ma na aouli Lūkini aku, mai ka hema mauna a hiki i ka'ākau kai, i loa okoa mau kumumea. Pakahi, a me ka honua o ka ia ole, e haawi kanaka i ka wa e oki ai. Ma ka ?? eoi? Neia manawa, ua nui aniau cii me ka loli iki ana dala o ka ua e haule ana, kau iho a me ka wela kūpono, flora a me? Aaoa. Ma Rusia, e hiki ke mahalo i ke keʻokeʻo mumule o ka hau a me ka puʻu one ma waena, e nānā i ke taiga nahele a me birch ululaau, flowering kula a me nā Swamp.

Aia i ke kanaka-i Landskap -, ua nui kanaka, a nui pinepine intervenes ma ke ano maoli, e loli iki ana i ka mānoanoa a me ka pono o ka topsoil (e mau no ka maikai). A me ia mea wale kekahi kenimika o compost ole humus (i he o "ola strata") i hana 200-300 makahiki! Pehea ka nui o malama pono e lawe ana i ka lepo, no laila, i na hanauna e hiki i ole koe wale me na wahi nahele no hoi a me Swamp!

Ke 'ano o nā soils

Aia i ka lepo ciia. Lākou ho okumu mea ikaika paha i ke kānāwai hoʻololi flora,? Aaoa, a no laila, ma luna o. E. At okoa lakikū. No ka laʻana, i loko o ka 'Ākau e halii mai i'Ālika soils. Ka mea, uaʻilihune. Ho okumu ana o ke ahiahi, he nawaliwali humus, ahu iho i loko o ka permafrost, kahi o nā mea kanu a pau loa imua mosses a me lichens wale, he mea hiki ole. Ma ka subarctic ciia - tundra soils. Recent waiwai ma mua o ka Arctic, akā, meager hoʻohālike au i ka podzol na aina taiga a me ka hui ululaau. Ma ka hoemi i kaʻakika o ka mea pōhaku a me ke aloha mea hoʻonui e ae e ulu nuiʻano likeʻole o ka ulu.

Aia mau nahele soils,ʻeleʻele soils (na wahi momona), wao akua. A pau o ia mau mea - i ke kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻa sciences e like me kemika o soils, etc. kēia mau nenoai o ka ike e uku nui noonoo a hiki i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i unzoned'āina, i nā bog soils .. Ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kekahi climatic ciia.

Ho okumu o ka bog soils

He Hoikehonua Russian lepo he 'ike e pili ana i ka papa mākou i kūkākūkā i nā wahi lepo wai, a piholo maila nahele i hanaʻia ma ka stagnant ona mau ua (kimu),' ilikai i ka (ic ??, na muliwai, a no laila, ma luna o. P.) A lola honua aquifers (groundwater kumu). Aloha kau, Marsh soils i hanaʻia ma ka wai-puni kanu. Bog i nahele (tidara, birch, he mau loa okoa mai lākou ulu lāʻau counterparts, ka mea, ua uuku na, "clumsy"), laau uuku (Heather, rosemary), ka limu a me ka mauu.

Ke kahua o Marsh soils he hoʻonui i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana elua. Mua, ia mea peat ho okumu ia kekahi mea kanu residues loaa ma ka ili like ino popoʻole. Ka lua - gleying ka wā hao'okesaside ua hoohuliia i loko o'okesaside ma biochemical ka make ana o nā minelala hao. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole he oluolu maoli hana i kapaia "Swamp i ke kaʻina hana."

Swamp ana ina ...

Pinepine i hana pohopoho soils ma hydrogenic Sushi succession. Akā, i kekahi manawa ma ka pohopoho wahi me ka stagnant ka wai huli a me ka muliwai aouli. No ka laʻana, e like me ka hana i Ua i ka makahiki mua i wahi ma luna o ka nui Lūkini muliwai Volga. No ka mea, o ka cascade hydropower wahi a Reservoir, e kahe lohi, stagnates. Mākou Pono kaʻenaʻena hoʻopakele ana.

Penei, ina no kekahi mau kumu a me nā muliwai mämä holo ua hoemi, e lilo ia i mea ma ko ka lepo uncontrollably. Lalo wai e hanai ana ia lakou, silting. Akā, mamua o ka "uwe ana o ke 'ano", kanaka mai ka haalele ana no ia. Nolaila, aia no he pilikia nui o ka hoohuli ana i ka uliuli arteries ma Rusia e ku ana ka pohopoho o.

Ano o ka peat soils

I haiia ae maluna,, ke peat ua hana o ke anuanu nui ole 'Imi popoʻole residues Marsh mea kanu. 'Oiai, he mau wahi ma ke kaʻina hana, aole ia i kānāwai. Ka luna , ahu iho o ka honua, uhiia me "Ostankova" hoʻokomo kālā - ka peat-bog soils. paha ka mea, e pono no ka mahiai? Ua pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka Leeuwerikplein hiʻona.

I ka uka wao peat soils manoanoa, ahu iho o ke aloha mea hiki theoretically hoʻolako i nā luna, ahu iho o ka lepo. Akā,ʻo iaʻino decomposed. ʻeleu ho okumu o humus keakea ma kaʻakika kiʻekiʻe o ka meakino, kona nāwaliwali bioactivity, i ua i kapaia "ka hanu o ka lepo." Incidentally, no ka ua kapaia ka omo kaʻina lepo oxygen, carbon dioxide i kinoea, ka hana meaola e noho ana ma ka uka hohonu, a me thermal ikehu. Lepo Profile e like me ka pohopoho o primitive. He mau lipolipo: peat a me ka peat-gley. Gley - honua holoʻokoʻa, a ferrous haawi i ka poohina, uliuli a me ka uliuli waihoʻoluʻu. Manpower ua soils mai i ka oko ao. E hana ka mea, i ka waiwai ma ka mahiai.

Ano o ka bog-podzolic soils

Bog-podzolic soils ke hana, i kahi moe o ka 'ūnelunelu , hui nahele me ka limu, a grassy aloha. A ma laila nō pulu ke kula mauʻu, i hanaʻia i ke oki ana o ka wahi uhi ma ka laau. Pehea e hoomaopopo bog-podzolic soils o ka podzolic? It Aloha loa noonoo ole.

Ka Marsh podzols he mea paakiki na hoailona o ka gley. Mawaho, e nana, e like me ka Malama Ka-ocher a me ka uliuli-poʻo mau kiko lakou. Eia no hoi he mau streaks, smears, penetrating a pau i ka lipolipo o ka pili. Ma ka hooulu ana o ka bog-podzolic aina loli ana ma nā 'ano o ka aina: Marsh a me podzolic. E like me ka hopena, malama me ka peat moana lipolipo a me ka gley a me ka podzolic a me illuvial papa.

Ano o ka bog-Meadow soils

i hana Bog-Louka soils kahi o ka pāpū a me ka muliwai i alapiʻi, uhi me kaʻohe a me ke kome, e hoemi. Pela he mea houʻilikai huakaʻi o (kiʻekiʻe ka wai no ma ka liʻiliʻi 30 lā) a me ka poʻe recharge o paʻa lepo ma ka hohonu o ka hola 1 i 5 m.

aeration ciia lolelua. Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ke kahua o ka honua i ka pńpa e waiho ana ma waena o ka honuaʻili, a me ka ili o ka waiʻaina. Lepo ma ka ninau, e pili ole wale no ka mea i lalo pāpū a me ka muliwai i alapiʻi i kokoke loa groundwater, akā, no hoi no ka ulu-hehi. Ka mea,ʻoluʻolu IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE sedges, mea kanu, mai ka ohana Juncaceae, weuweu. Aaiaoe lipolipo o ka aina differentiate loa maopopo.

Bog-Louka soils i "ola" i loko o ka lolelua ka wai? Eia. I ka ia ka maloo manawa, 'ūnelunelu kanu haawi ala i ka Meadow, a me ka hope versa. Moʻolelo Ua like penei: me ka honua holoʻokoʻa kekahi, a me ke ola ma luna o ka mea mea okoa. I ka wa maloo, i ka wa a ka wai mineralization, salinization nā panalāʻau e. Inā i ka wai o kānaka mineralized, alaila maloo bog sludges hana.

Krasnodar māhele 'āina a me kona lepo

Nā soils o ka Krasnodar Teritore e lauwili. Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Slavic, Temryuk mau mea i pohopoho a me kaʻeleʻele, Malama Ka no i ka helu ana o estuaries a me nā Hono. Ka mea, Kuban kupa mahi i nā pā waina a me nā fiku. Labinsk a mea mahuʻi mau mea o ka aina podzolic a me ka eleele. Mau aina, ua nui momona. Ka mea, e pono no ka hana waiwai ulu o ka lau, pua nānālā.

Ma ka Black Sea mokuna o Krasnodar māhele o ka mauna-nahele soils. Eia ka mea, he nani kīhāpai a me nā māla waina. Ma ka Azov-Kurgan papuʻeleʻele lepo mai'ō a'ō. 'Aʻole no ka mea i kapaia o ka pūʻali o Rusia Kuban. Kona lepo mea waiwai ma ka humus no laila, i na kamaaina pinepine'ōlelo hoʻomakeʻaka: "Aia mea e ulu ana i ka lāʻau apo la i loko o ka lepo."

Iloko o ka Apana World War, ka ukana i ka Nazis iʻeleʻele i ka lepo i loko o ka railcars, a hoʻolilo ia Hawaii, ua ike ka mea maoli waiwai. Ua pono, i nā mea a pau momona papa i hōkaiʻia ma ka ino-lapaau ana o kanaka. Akā, a hiki ma ke alo o ka nui me ke koe o ka haawina mai ka aina, i kekahi pono lawe mai mahiʻai hana akahele. E noonoo pono oukou ka lepo-a hana paha uala pono no ka mahi ana i ka piholo maila, ua pono no i ka wikiwiki 'uao i loko o ka pōʻino hana o maoli nenoai mea pilikia loa i nā mea a pau e noho ana.