Boltzmann ka ikaika Radio he nui kūlana ma ke ana helu mechanics

Lyudvig Boltsman - i ka mea nāna i hana o ka hakakino-kinetic pähola 'o ka maikaʻi kinoea. Hânau 'ia i ka makahiki 1844, ma Vienna. Boltzmann He He paionia, a me ka paionia i loko o ka 'epekema. Kana hana a me ka noiʻi, he pinepine incomprehensible, a leleʻino aku ma ke kaiāulu. Naʻe, a me ka mea hou kūpono 'ana o ka ke kālaikūlohea o kana mau hana i ua' ike a me ka a laila paʻi.

ʻepekema pono o ke nä känaka 'epekema uhi mai i na kumu like me ke kālaikūlohea a me ka makemakika. Mai ka 1867, ua hana e like me ke kumu i loko o ka helu o ke kiekie ae hoonaauao kulanui. Ma kona mau haʻawina, oia loaʻa i ke kinoea puʻe ua kena ae la ia e chaotic kui iho oe a nā lātoma ma luna o ka moku paia i loko i ka mea i aia, oiai ka wela hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka māmā holo o ka (particles) (nā lātoma), i loko o nā hua'ōlelo, kā lākou kinetic ikehu. No laila, o ka nui wikiwiki e hoʻoneʻe i nā (particles), ka mea kiekie oia ka mea ana wela. Boltzmann ka a eia i ua kapaʻia ma hope o ka mea kaulana'Aukekulia nä känaka 'epekema. Ua i ka mea nana i i invaluable na makana no ka hooulu ana o ke ana helu ke kālaikūlohea.

Ke physical ano o ka ikaika

Boltzmann a eia i Ho'ākāka 'i ka pilina ma waena o ka physical puuhuahelu i ka mahana a me ka ikehu. I ana helu mechanics Radio ia i kī kūlana kumu nui. Ua ka Boltzmann a eia i ke k = ^1,3806505 (24) * 10 -23 J / K. Na helu ma parentheses hōʻike i ka palena pau o ka hewa a me ka mahalo i aiee o ka mea hou huahelu. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka Boltzmann a eia i hiki ke loko pū mai nā physical ia a eia i. Eia naʻe, i kēia mau helu i loa eiiieaena a me ka pilikia, e hoʻokō. Ka mea, he pono i ka hohonu ike i loko,ʻaʻole wale nō ke kālaikūlohea akā, kekahi o kiekie makemakika.

Ka pilina ma waena o loa ana wela a me ka ikehu

Stefan-Boltzmann a eia i leie aku e kuhikihi ana i ka micro- a me ka nunui ano,ʻo ia ka lākiō o hakakino noi māmā holo a hiki i ka mahana. Ke haʻilula hōʻike no kēia pilina mea like penei: 3 / 2mv ² = Kt.

Ma ka homogeneous kinoea i loko o ka moku i ka kekahi ana wela T, i ka ikaika i ka mea e pono ai no kela a me keia o na degere o ke ku okoa ana e like me ka lākiō Kt / 2. Ike i ke ana wela ma a na nā lātoma e, a me kā lākou ke kaupaonaʻana, hoʻokahi hiki e huli i nā rms māmā me ka pilikia. Naʻe, i kēia haʻilula mea i pono no diatomic kinoea.

Ka lākiō o Lyudviga Boltsmana (entropy - pahiki)

Thermodynamic entropy o ka'ōnaehana hiki ke hoakakaia like me ka Olelo Kikeke Ma o ka thermodynamic pahiki. Kēia pilina hiki ke kapaia he nui e piʻi like, a me ka loaʻa o ka nui'Aukekulia physicist, i āna i hana ai ma ka hopena o kona 'oihana. Ma ke nä känaka 'epekema ka ola a me ka ia i ole loaa ka iaia ma ka' epekema koʻikoʻi a hanohano, akā, eha makahiki ma hope o kona make ana, ua loaʻa i kauoha aku ike.

A mau hua'ōlelo i loko o ka hopena

Boltzmann ikaika,ʻaʻole wale nō o ka 'ōlelo o ke ana helu ke kālaikūlohea a me hakakino-kinetic kumumanaʻo, akā, kekahi i kekahi ole ma o ka hou' ana o physical theories. Keia pili, no kekahi laʻana, keia pauku me quantum mechanics.