Artic Ocean: i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka moana. I ka moolelo o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka Arctic Ocean

Ke Artic Ocean o kekahi o ka loa inhospitable wahi ma luna o ka Honua. Aka hoi, na kanaka a pau i ka mea mua e noho ma laila a hiki loa mamua ma mua i loko o ka Pākīpika. He aha i ka mōʻaukala o ka moanaʻimi loa i ka lewa, a me ka mea i komo i loko o kona mahele? Ka mea, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina o ka 'ike no kela a me keia o na manawa e pili ana i keia wahi, mai ka Age o Discovery, a i hiki i ka manawa lā.

Ka mua explorers

No ka mea manawa mua i loko o kēia wahi, kanaka e noho ana a hiki i ka umi-umikumamakahi kenekulia. Pomorie, e noho ana i loko o ka mea manawa ka Russian Hui, e hele mai i ke kahakai o ka mokupuni o Spitsbergen a me Novaya Zemlya, a ike pehea e kiʻi ai i ka 'Akelanika. Ma ka pau ana o ka umikumamaono kenekulia, iʻikeʻia ka Lūkini luina i ke kapakai a pau a hiki i ka waha o ka Ob muliwai. Makahiki o Discovery i ka manawa, e huli no ka aoao hou o ka 'ōlelo a me ka undiscovered aina. I kēia manawa o Pelekāne, hoomaka ae la Lūkini, a Hōlani luina e ho'āʻo i ke ala, mai ka 'Akelanika i ka Pacific e loaʻa, holo ma ke kapakai o Asia, a North America. Hoohiolo iho ia mea i ka'ākau ka hailona hampered ma ka nele o ka lako a pan. No laila, i ka Pelekania Hudson laau kuku, a hele i ka laau i hiki ole. Willoughby a me ka Barents nele e hiki holo ana i ka Kara Sea - e hoomakaukau ai a me ka 'ole no ka mea, he ala ana o ka moku hoʻoholo i ka hope o ka huakaʻi.

Wehe hou straits

I ke kakahiaka nuiʻumikumamāhiku kenekulia ka mea i i ho'āʻo houʻana i ka noiʻi i ka Arctic Ocean. Ocean Research Baffin hoomau, haʻi akula i ka hele i loko o ka huli ana o ka Koro Ala. He holo aku ka mokuna o Greenland, ike i ka waha o ka Straits o Kūka'ōhiʻalaka a me Smith. Komo iloko ma o aku o ia ia ia i ae i ka hau, no ke aha la Baffin hoʻoholo ihola ia hou e hooholo ia mea wale ole. Ke ole o ka mea'ē aʻe kāna huakaʻi i hahai, alakai aku i ka mea,ʻaʻole i ka wā i hiki ke hooiaio i ke ku pono ana.

Lūkini luina

Nui na makana i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka Arctic Ocean i ma Lūkiniʻepekema. Manaʻo e pili ana i ke ola ana o ka mea e hooholo ia i haʻalele i nā kanaka. Keia manao maopopo, i kāheaʻia Gerasimov i ka 1525. Ke shortest ala ma ka hau, e hele mai ana, mai ka straits o Novaya Zemlya a hiki i ke awa o Kailua, He tausani,ʻaono haneri a me ka umi kilomika, ka mea, o ke alanui, mai Murmansk a hiki i Vladivostok. A like o ka Arctic Ocean ma keia ala i lawe mai i ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki kenekulia paionia Rebrov. He hiki i ka waha o ka Yana muliwai, a ma ka waenakonu o ka hookahi kenekulia Dezhnev e hoʻokele e hele hou, e hele a puni ke kūkulu'ākau-hikina Asia, a wehe aʻe i ka Bering pilikia. Akā, i ka unexpected hanaia. I ka moolelo o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka Arctic Ocean ua ulu ka pōʻino - hoike Dezhneva Ka Wa ma kanawalu-ʻEwalu makahiki a me ka loaa wale ma hope o ka make ana o ka hele.

Search Ho

A hiki i ka pau ana o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, ua hoopuehu aku ana haʻawina o ka Arctic Ocean. Summary o ka hanana 'aʻole i loaʻa i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni discoveries o kēia wā. Eia naʻe, hele i ke kūkulu'ākau, he malie o ka nui hoihoi. Me kēia mau makahiki o ka maikaʻi-ikeia inoa i ua hoʻopili - no ka laʻana, Bering a me Krusenstern. Ka hakakā ma waena o 'Enelani a me Rusia ma ka aoao hou o kaʻimiʻana pukana escalated. Ua hoouna ia ka mua a hiki i ka aoao akau no ka oi ma mua o kanaono kaua kiʻi e kaua. Nā hualoaʻa o kekahi o lakou, i ole, ua paʻi ai mamao. I ka 1770 Herk hele aku la e noiʻi i ka Arctic Ocean. moana haʻawina i kākoʻo 'ia e ka Hudson muliwai. E like me ka hopena o ka 'auʻau' ana, i palapala mai ai ia e hooholo ia ma ke alo o ke kanalua. Aia he wale hou hypotheses a me nā mea mahuʻi,ʻaʻohe i Kekahi Mau 'i loko o ka pepa i ole hōʻike. Lūkini noiʻi i lawe i ka Great Northern huakaʻi, a ua hapai e Petero i ka First. i ike ia ka inoa o na i komo a me ka manawa - o Chelyuskin, Laptev, Ponchischevy. Akā, ka mea, i ole ke hoʻokō 'ia i ka heleʻana. Naʻe, ka mea e piʻi like i pono e hoopiha mai ana pepa, a wehe northernmost wahi o Eurasia, i keia la keia i ka inoa o Cape Chelyuskin.

I ka pau ana o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke ao o ka moana

Artic noho incompletely maopopo no ka lōʻihi manawa. Aka hoi, i ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia me ka hailona o ka nui inoa, a me ka nui loa i alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka Arctic Ocean pili. Iki waiwai i olelo ia Rumyantsev a me Kruzenshtern, na kanaka haku o ka papahanaʻimi ana i nā kapakai o Amerika, a hiki i ka Pole. E like me ka hopena o ka nui kaua kiʻi e kaua, ka mea i loaʻa i ka haoʻa moana hau kūlana ma ka makahiki. Ua Ua i ka eiiiaaoeiiiue manaʻoi hāpai 'ia. Adimarala Makarov hakuloli e hoʻoneʻe i ka kūikawā moku. Ka mua icebreaker i kapaia "Ermak" hele ai a hiki i ka mea i ole e hiki i ka ōlaʻi mua. ua hiki ke ana hoʻoneʻe ana ka holo Fridtjof Nansen ma luna o ka moku "honua" na noiʻi. I loko o ka 'Aeʻa nä känaka' epekema i loaa nui 'ike e pili ana i ka moana' äina, haku mele 'ana o ka wai nā paʻi hua a me ka hau, ke aniau o ka Central wahi.

Haʻawina o ke kakahiaka nui iwakalua kenekulia

Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka hou ke kenekulia, ke hana 'ia i loli. Haʻawina o ka Arctic Ocean i loko o ka 20th kenekulia 'ae' ana i hoʻokō hou nui hualoaʻa me ka okoa kiʻekiʻe o ka lako a me ka aʻo. 'Imi au i loko o ka'āina, e like me ka'ōlelo Pelekānia a me Russian, Americans, Norwegians. I ka 1909 ka mea i hana kila icebreakers me ka ikaika kiko'ī e hiki ke hana i kekahi hanana hohonu palapala 'āina e, a hiki i ka waha o ka Lena muliwai. Eia naʻe, apo akuk ai i ka 1912, he huakaʻi no ka North Pole, a ua ole holomua. People nō i ole kahu ai i ka lanakila i ka Arctic Ocean. Ocean noiʻi i mālama 'ia i loko o ke komohana kaiaulu. I ka 1920, hoomaka ae la i ka lima o ka huakaʻi Rasmussen, ka mea i hiki mai Greenland a hiki i Alaska. North Pole mua Peary hiki.

mastering e hooholo ia

I ka moolelo o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka Arctic Ocean i ua pololei ua hoʻopili i ka huli' ana no ka mea ala, mai Murmansk a hiki i Greenland. Ua Hopu e hoʻokele i e ka hau-nalu "Josef Stalin", ka mea i hiki i ka Haku i ke kaʻao hele. Line o ka hana i hoʻololi - ka mea hiki ke noiʻi i ka hau, i loko o ka lewa i i Amundsen me Ellsworth i ka pomaikai o ka maunakea i. Lakou ike ana i ke kūkulu'ākau o ka Greenland mea ole Sushi Hawaii. A me Baird ua hiki ke kiʻi ma luna o kekahi pelane, a hiki i ka North Pole. Pela no, ua aʻo epekema a me Point Barrow, ma Alaska. I ka 1937, o ka hau ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka mua hydro-meteorological koa, nana i ke ano o ka kūloko wai. Ua hoi aʻo i loko o au mamuli o ka kokua, i mea okoa Arctic Ocean. Ocean noiʻi 'oni iki i kekahi laekahi kiʻekiʻe.

I ka hope loa kahua o ka noiʻi

Ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, ka wā hana i kau, me ka hou mōʻaukala o ke kūkulu'ākau. I ua hoʻohana keʻena hoʻokolohua epekema i loaaʻi waiwai kumumanaʻo. Hoikehonua, noiʻi o ka Arctic Ocean i alakai aku ai i ka loaʻa o ka hou papa koa - Mendeleev a me Lomonosov. Loaʻa ma ka lalo o ka pa holoi i hoopahaohao ka mua manao e pili ana i ke ola. No ka hapalua like-kenekulia hau, i lawe mai i ke kime o ka huakaʻi, ka poe hiki ke lilo ka hailonaʻana o ka noiʻi i loko o ka pōkole makahiki. Ka mea, loaʻa ka Gakkel Ridge, he papa anuʻu loa kai ho okumu o ka lua pele ano. I ka makahiki 1963, i ke kanaka, ua hiki ke loaʻa ma lalo o ka hau i ka North Pole ma ka nukelea waapa. I ka makahiki 1977 huakaʻi ma ka icebreaker i lawe mai, a i pau ai ana. Man naʻi i ka Arctic Ocean.

Ocean noiʻi nei i Junior, 'Amelika a me ka Lūkiniʻepekema. Akā, i keʻano o ko lākou mau hana ua lilo houʻimi naʻauao a me ka manaʻoi - ma ka palapala 'āina o kēia mau mea haʻalele keʻokeʻo kahi lilelile i, a me ka hele aku i ka North Pole aʻole e huhūʻoukou i kekahi hana nui loa i hiki ke loaʻa i ke koa malihini ola i ua ai nui he mau kenekulia aku nei, i ke au o ke Great Leeuwerikplein discoveries i ka pau ana o ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, a.