Chromosomal mutations: he manawa pōkole ano a me ka Mea Maluna

Muli o kona kulana pinepine i loaʻa i loko o ke ano maoli kŰia kapa chromosome mutations. Ua Ua pili me ka loli i loko o ka 'ole a me ka helu o nā chromosomes, a alakai ai i ka hou' ana o keʻano o nā mā i loko o ke kino. Mutations o chromosomes e māheleʻia i loko o mall (ka mea, he loli i loko o kā lākou 'ole) a me ka laulā (wehewehe aku ma kekahi loli ma ka helu ana o chromosomes i loko o ka genome o ka hui).

Mall chromosome mutations. Kēia kāna hana, a ua pili i rupture, a mahope ka paa apana o chromosomes, kūpono ka hoʻololi 'o ka hoʻomaka aaiaoe mea. Ka mea hiki e:

- 'O ke kaulike - ma keia hihia he mea he shortage a me ka liki ole o aaiaoe mea, no laila, i loko o ka hapanui hihia ka mea, e ole hōʻike. Akā, he mea he nui pilikia o ka EYI o ka'ōpaha kau o aaiaoe mea ma? Aneii.

-'ōpaha - ma keia hihia, i ka unborn keiki i ka helu o ka loa pathologies.

Aia nō ka mea kēiaʻaoʻao e loli ma ka chromosome 'ole:

• Holoi '- chromosomal mutations mea i pili me ka chromosomalʻoluʻolu o ka pae a me ka lilo ana o kona nui loa. Oia loli alakai i kaumaha hopena, a ma kekahi mau hihia ona.
• Duplications - mutations mea i pili i ka a pāpālua hoʻi o kekahi mau 'aina o ka DNA, meʻaʻohe hoʻoponopono pathology.
• Translocation - ua lawe mai ma kaʻoluʻolu o nā e pili chromosomes. E like me ka hopena, i ka chromosomes elua a haawi aku i kā lākou mau huahelu, ho okumu i ka hou 'ia paha o aaiaoe mea.
• Insetsii - wehewehe aku ma ka hoolilo Pauku o kekahi chromosome i kekahi.
• Hahana - ka wā i chromosome mutations kuahene kekahi ia lŘlŘ i loko o nā wahi ma kahi hoʻokahi. Mahope, ke kuleana i ua aia ma waena o nā discontinuities, ua ke ka ao e pili ana i ka iho (axis), hoʻololi ka aaiaoe kaʻina,.

Laulā chromosomal mutations. E like me ua oleloia, i kēia 'ano o ka mutations i pili me ka loli ma ka helu o nā chromosomes. ʻO kēia mau 'ano:

• Trisomy - chromosomal mutation, i ua pu ma ke ano i loko o ka aaiaoe wai auau o ka keu chromosome. Kēia ia lŘlŘ ina, i ke kelepona hele mahele, ke kaikamahine chromosomes i ole ma paʻewa. Na loli i a me ka phenotypic abnormalities. Kekahi trisomies ka hopena fetal make ma na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o kona ulu ana. Nā kumu o nā mutations nō,ʻaʻole maopopo elucidated.
• Monosomy - chromosomal mutation i ua wehewehe aku ma ka nalowaleʻana o kekahi chromosome. Ma ka hapanui o hoopii, e like me ka meaola mea ole viable, pela ka make ana ma ke kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao kakahiaka o embryonic? Acaeoey.
• Poliplodiya - he loa ke nānā kŰia, a ua wehewehe aku ma ke alo i loko o ka halepaahao pākolu, a me kekahi manawa, a hiki quadruple 'ia paha o nā chromosomes. An meaola me ka ke kino kīnā mea e hiki ke ola - a me ka make ma mua hanau ai koke ma hope o lākou.
• Laulā loli ma ka ke keka chromosomes - he 'ano, he pono ole kŰia, i ua pu ma ka ulu i loko o ka helu ana o chromosomes i loko o ka hope, 23rd mau.

Chromosomal mutations: examples

Hoikehonua, lapaau ike na hihia o na keiki i hanau me ka chromosomal mā. E like me ka olelo mua, kekahi chromosomal mutations i ole hiki naoh ma ka aoao o ke kino, a i kekahi mea e hana maʻalahi i ola. Akā, he mea he 'ano maikaʻi-ike aaiaoe maʻi, a ala mai kaʻoi loa i ka hopena o nā loli i loko o ka aaiaoe mea.

No ka laʻana, Down maʻi pale - trisomy 21 o ka paʻa o chromosomes. Oia ka 'aʻe' ua pu ma congenital malformations o ka naau a me ka circulatory'ōnaehana, e like me hiʻona i loko o ke ano o ke kanaka a me ka noʻonoʻo retardation.

Patau maʻi pale - trisomy ma 13 paʻa. Pu ia e ia me ka hahau kūpono iwi ulu, loli ma ke kinona o ka puniu wale no, polydactyl ma nā wāwae a me na mea kaua (na manamanalima eono), ma ka 'aʻe o ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko a me ko mākou hopohopo nenoai.

Turner maʻi pale - he monosomy 23 (keka) chromosome mau, kūpono ma ka fetus launa mai i ka hoʻokahi wale nō X chromosome. Kēia poʻe kali kūpono 'ana o ka reproductive oihana, a me ka nawaliwali i kona' ana o nā haumāna 'īnea i' ano.