ʻimi naʻauao kāu kiʻina hana: he manawa pōkole hōʻikeʻano

Kekahi scientific study paipai hanaia'na o ka noniakahi 'ole o interconnected mau kino, manaʻo a me nā kūʻiʻo. Ke kumu koena unuhi o ka 'epekema ike , mai ka maʻamau o mea he pono Pono no he pilikia ka loiloi' ia o nā mea a pau i ka i manaoia manaʻo a me ka hōʻike, e like me ka hahai ana i ka Pahuhopu Hawaii, a me ka ikaika hoʻomanaʻo, a pehea e hōʻoia i nā kūʻiʻo loaa, a ma ka ike. Aia mau empirical a me kaʻimi naʻauao noiʻi ki ina hana like. Ma keia 'atikala, ua lawe i ka pilina nana i ka hala. Naʻe, ma mua mākou huli i kekahi OAXA ano o ka 'epekema hele.

Popper ka ana

'O kēia ka ai-i kapaia ana o ka falsifiability o kaʻimi naʻauao noiʻi. I ka mea kākau o ka manaʻo o ka punawai-ike Contemporary Pelekāne poe akeakamai Karl Popper. Kona manaʻo o ia kekahi 'epekema kumumanaʻo, maoli e kapa ana i ka' epekema, pono e koiia mai i ka mea hiki mana hōʻoia. No ka laʻana, ka mea scientific-kumu kiʻina noiʻi komo ai i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka manaʻoʻike a me ka kiʻina aʻo keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o ke kahua o ke kanaka, a me nā Pahuhopu kanawai o ka hoʻonaʻauao. E like me ke no, no kona wehe 'ana o ka hoʻokō hoʻonaʻauao methodologies. Ma keia hihia i nā ana hoʻohālike e e lewa ma o ka hoʻohana o maoli hualoaʻa outputted hoʻopiʻi noiʻi methodologies.

ʻimi naʻauao noiʻi ki ina hana like

I kekahi ha awina, ina mea kuleana e e? Iie ia ma ke ano maoli, e pū ole wale nā ana hoʻohālike no ka hoao i ka manaʻo experimentally, akā, i ka pono ka hoʻomanaʻo no ke kukulu ana i theories a me ka huli 'ana no ka hou kūʻiʻo. Ka wā kahiko - mai ka lā o ka wa kahiko thinkers - kaʻana like i ka empirical a me kaʻimi naʻauao noiʻi ki ina hana like. I kaʻimi naʻauao 'ilikai ma ka' epekema o ka Pahuhopu noʻonoʻo 'ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana,ʻike manaʻo, regularities a me na wahi i pili i i kā e hiki ano o kaʻikepili aaioee, loaa mai ka loina, ho okolohua, a no laila, ma luna o. Ke'ī mai, i kaʻimi naʻauao noiʻi kiʻina hana i ke ano o ka superstructure ma luna o ka empirical. Ka hope i ka poe ke kino pepa hoikeia ma ka ike i loaa mai 'ana e kanaka makaukau no, a me kona manaʻo. E hoopuu hoi o empirical kūʻiʻo mea i ka pahu hopu i loko iho, kona hope loa pahuhopu - he systematization a me ka hou? Ieoaeunoai o kānāwai, theories, a me ka manaʻo e pili ana i ke ao nei. ʻimi naʻauao noiʻi epekema - he Logical abstraction, a ua hana ma ka paa ana o iao? Hypotheses a me theories ma luna o ka muli o nei ike. Nā Papahana O Kaʻimi naʻauao haʻawina i ka helu ana o kekahi mau koho:

• Abstracting. E wehewehe i kekahi kaʻina hana o ka abstraction mai ka ho'ākāka waiwai o ke kumuhana i loko o kona 'ike no ka ma-hohonu study o kekahi mauʻaoʻao o ka mea. No ka laʻana, ka hopena o ka abstraction i ka manaÿo e like meʻano, curvature, nani, a no laila, ma luna o.
• Formalization - keia kŰia ike i ka hiʻona'āina ano o ka symbolic ka wā e lawe i ka palapala o nā papakuhikuhi a me conditional nā loina.
• Ka analogy. Ua ho i kekahi definite hopena a e pili ana i similarity o nā mea ma luna o kekahi lepo ma luna o ke kumu o ka wahine paha, ma waena o ia mau mea i loko o ka'ē aʻe ano hiʻona.
• Substantive hōʻikeʻia nani - study o ka mea ma ka mea o Hōʻuluʻulu Ke Ana Hoʻohālike a ma hope hoolilo i ka ike i loaa ma ka ua kālailai mua.
• Noʻonoʻo hōʻulu - i loko o ka hoʻomanaʻo mea like i ka substantive, akā, ka noʻonoʻo 'kiʻi i hoʻohana' aneʻi. Eia ka mea, ua wae kamepiula hōʻulu, a hoʻohana i ka polokalamu like pono me ka hiʻona'āina - hoʻohana 'ana i nā papakuhikuhi, a kauōʻia mai.
• Idealization - o ka hanaia ana o kekahi mau manaÿo no ka mea i mai ole maoli nei, akā, ka mea, i ka prototype o ia. No ka laʻana, he hoʻonui, he maikaʻi kinoea, ka geometric wahi, laina, a no laila, ma luna o.