Chromosome. Ole-homologous a me ka homologous chromosomes.

Chromosomes - o ka mall a me ka iaea ooieoeiiaeuiiai oihana mua o ke kanaka aeee i loaʻa nā'ōewe. Ke pa alima aeea o ka helu ana o aeaiiuo hiki ia e pena i ka manawa o ka halepaahao mahele. Chromosomes i ke kinona o ua mau laau la, kaula makalii, lou, a pela aku .. By kona lōʻihi, i kēia mau kumu mua i hui. Ka mea, komo no ka centromere, he pōkole a me ka lōʻihi lima, haumāna constriction, ukali, ka pae manamana elua, chromonemata. Location o ia hapa o ka chromosome like me ka centromere, e loli ai i mea e ia i ke ano o ka loa ke kuʻikahi, o ka halepaahao laina. I ka hanana i keia aoao ua aia ma ka pau ana o ka mall a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiiai hehee ai, ia mea koʻokoʻo-hoʻokino. Loaa ia makou e like me ka kekahi me ka centromere ma ka waena o ka hookoia ana o ka chromosome i ke ano o ka like-i paukūʻia. Inā ka pili loa ua aia laterally mai ka-oaio? A, o ka mall-ooieoeiiaeuiiai hehee ai i kekahi kui mau poohiwi.

Nui, ma laila nō 4 ke ano o ka chromosome 'ole. Keʻano mua nō telotsentricheskie mall a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiuo hehee wale. Lua - acrocentric (lua o ka lima ka loa pōkole, a aneane imperceptible). Ke kolu oʻano e submetacentric chromosomes, i ke kinona o ka i kohu ai ka palapala "L". Eia hoi, i ka ha o type - metacentric. Chromosomes o kēiaʻano i ka ai-kapaia poohiwi, a i like ka lōʻihi. Ma waho aʻeo ia mau oihana mua napomminayut palapala, a ma ka mea ia manawa i ka hōʻailona o ka lanakila "V".

It E e kaulana i kela a me keia o nucleated somatic aeea kanaka he iwakalua-ekolu hui o chromosomes, i nā laina. Eia hou, aia nō he nui helu o nā kope o mitochondrial DNA (deoxyribonucleicʻakika).

He kumukuai i ka i ana i kekahi mau olelo e pili ana i ke keka mall a me ooieoeiiaeuiuo oihana mua o ke kanaka keena. Ua Y- a me ka X-chromosome. Ka mua kekahi mau hola 58 kumu hui, 78 hāpai nā'ōewe, a pela mai ke kiʻekiʻe mutation ana ma muli o ia ka hoʻolilo 'ia i loko o i ka mea, ua noho ai. Kēia anal chromosome mea hiki ia e ho'īli wale ma ka sperm. Lakou, ma ka huli, e malama a hiki i ka nui helu o ka halepaahao kalana 'ia i gametogenesis. E kau sperm - ia vysokookislitelnaya testicular 'ia, ka ho'ā holomua o ke kaʻina hana e like me mutating. Ka lua o ka chromosome i ka hola 150 miliona hui o nitrogenous kumu. Ua i aneane 1400 nā'ōewe. Kane a pau i hoʻokahi X- a me kekahi Y-chromosome. Women i he okoa "huapalapala". Ka mea, i mau X-chromosomes. Kekahi o ia hele ana i ke kaikamahine, mai kona makuwahine, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe ua ili mai ka makuwahine o koʻu makuakane mai, i mea, kupuna wahine ma kaʻaoʻao o kona makua kāne.

Pinepine, aia no na ninau e pili ana i chromosomes i kapaia homologous a me ka 'ole-homologous. Ke pane Ua like penei. No laila, eia homologous chromosomes. Kēia paʻa o mall a me ka ooieoeiiaeuiuo hehee wale i ka mea i loko o ka diploid aeea. Homologous chromosomes OAOOUIEeE i loko i hele aku kela mea keia mea o lakou, mai kekahi, a mai ka kekahi makua. Na kumu mua i ka like nucleotide kaʻina ma luna o ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka homologous chromosomes i ka ia nā'ōewe, a i hoʻonohonoho i loko o ka hookahi kaʻina. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka hoʻopaʻa' ana i ia kumuhana mea ole wale hoihoi ', akā, i loa pono keia mau mea i loko o ke ola, no ka mea, o kona kino maikaʻi, e ike i ka mea hiki.

It E e hui i ka homologous chromosomes mau i ka iaʻano. No ka laʻana, ka mea hiki e tselotsentricheskimi, submetacentric, acrocentric, metacentric. Ole-homologous chromosomes pihaʻi me nā'ōewe i mea dissimilar. Eia hou kekahi, mau structurally ole conjugated ooieoeiiaeuiuo nā kumumea i meiosis. Ole-homologous chromosomes kū kaʻawale hana hoʻohuiʻia i loko o ka halepaahao. Kēia i maopopo i ke ao o ka'āina hoʻoili o nā 'ano. Nō hoʻi, i kēia 'ike i loaa ma pololei cytology hana.

Ka 'ike i helu' ia ma luna, e kōkua i ka i ka walaʻauʻana hoomaopopo ana o na chromosomes i loko o kekahi mau.