Diphtheria - He aha ka mea? Kumu, symptoms, Kāohi

Kekahi o ka loa kaumaha infectious maʻi - diphtheria ia. He aha ia mea, ka mea, ua ike i na mea he nui. Kēia maʻi, a e loli ai i nā mākua a me nā keiki, ia mea e hana wale paʻakikī, akā, i ka diagnose. Vaccination ku diphtheria Ua koi 'ia, a ua hui pū i loko o ka immunization haʻalele' ana.

Ma hope o Hoʻokaʻaʻike o ka manaʻo koʻohune i loko o ke kanaka kino ma ka ulia kūpono 'ana o ka maʻi. Diphtheria He huʻi a me ka pono koke lapaʻau, i ole ia, aole e e loa complications.

Diphtheria. He aha ka mea a me ka mea weliweli maʻi?

Ma keia maʻi e loli ai i ka mucous membranes o ka nasopharynx a me ka oropharynx. Eia hou, ulu mau intoxication, e loli ai ka ko mākou hopohopo a me ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko nenoai. Aat i ua pu ma ke ano o ka fibrin Film, reminiscent o keʻokeʻo loʻi. Diphtheria hiki e benign ma ke ano maoli, me ka olelo intoxication.

Ka weliweli ka i kēia maʻi hiki hoʻomōhala asphyxia larynx, naehana lōlō, maʻi myocarditis a huʻi adrenal insufficiency, a hiki aku i ka make. Ma ia he maʻi like diphtheria vaccination o ka maikaʻi ano o ka Kāohiʻana, a ua ālai 'maʻi wale ina ole, a laila, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kona complications.

kumu

Ka pathogen - Bacillus Leffler, i ka loa hoʻopale i mawaho ololi. Ma lalo hae rula, kumupaʻa ua mālama 'ia no' elua pule i loko o ka wai, a me ka waiū - ekolu pule ma haʻahaʻa Mahana O Ke Kai - ma kahi o elima mahina. I loko o nā kapuahi e ole chlorine aaioee pathogen make i loko o kekahi minuke.

Hiki e iho mailoko o ka airborne droplets mai kekahi kanaka hoomanawanui a mai ke ola i ke diphtheria lawe koʻohune. Ma hope o hui 'ana me ka mucous membranes ia lŘlŘ nasopharyngeal diphtheria bacillus uwila propagation. Ua hookuu aku oia i exotoxin hoʻopulapula ma ke koko, e hoʻonāukiuki pōʻino i ka naau Muscle, adrenal, hakuʻala a me kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo kahua. Ke hoomanawanui i ka mai kuni, a me ka lōʻihi mālama. I kekahi manawa, i ka maʻiʻaʻai ia lŘlŘ ma hale mau, meaʻai.

Susceptibility i ka pathogen o ka maʻi o loa kiʻekiʻe. Ke kumu no keia mea i ka wa e kaawale aku o vaccination, he nāwaliwali'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana, ka hoahanau kumupaʻa o diphtheria bacillus i mawaho ololi.

Ano a me ka holo ana

Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi, me diphtheria oropharynx, naehana'āpana, ihu. Ma pohihihi keia hihia, me ka hoʻohuli ai i nā maka, ke keka nā loko, i kaʻili. Inā luku aku la ma kekahi mau kino i ka mea ia manawa, a laila, i kēia palapala no ka maʻi i kapaia hui.

Ka loa e like me ka ano o ka maʻi o diphtheria oropharynx (ma kahi o 95% o nā hihia). Initially, ke hoʻomanawanui i ka mehana kānaka, lalau aku i na hoailona o ka intoxication, he mea ka ache i loko o na ami a me ka iwi, he headache, nawaliwali, haikeaʻili, ua hoʻemi ikaika loa ka makemake.

Diphtheria oropharynx ua IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE, pono ole a me kaʻawahia, hypertoxic.

Loa pinepine i ka maʻi i loko o ia lŘlŘ ka IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE (mehana) palapala. Ma ka pilikia makapō nana ma ka hoouka kaua ua 'akomi i keʻokeʻo ka penaʻana ma luna o tonsils me kaʻoi lua penei, a laumania' ole mucosa huali ulaula waihoʻoluʻu. Ma hope o kekahi manawa o ka plaque i oho a yellowish poʻo. Ua hiki ole ke wehe. Inā 'oe e ho'āʻo i ka hana ia me ka tweezers, e waiho ana no he kahe ana ke koko eha. Pain i loko o ka puu moni 'ia i hoʻomaka ai ka wā.

Common palapala Ua emi, he pono ole. Wehewehe aku ma ka mea i ka uhiʻana i ka Pilisetia,ʻaʻole wale na tonsils, akā, palatal e pio mai, olelo, pharynx, haanou ana a me ka redness o ka oi nō i eha mea lōpū. Plaque nalo ma kahi o elua pule.

I kaʻawahia palapala o ka kokololio ala i loko o ke ana wela i ka 39,5-41 ° C, e ulu ana ka meaola intoxication symptoms ai ka haohao ana kaʻeha i loko o ka abdomen, loa headaches, drowsiness, lethargy, pehu poino nā loko, paleʻili. Ke 'ōlelo hiki ke loaʻa keʻokeʻo ka penaʻana. Me ka hooulu ana i ka maʻi 'ōili mai ka hae mumulu cough, ma muli o ke laryngeal edema ka hoʻomanawanui mea hiki ole i ka hanu, aia no i ka lilo o ka leo.

No ka hypertoxic palapala wehewehe aku e oi loa symptoms o intoxication. Ke kanaka mea unconscious. Inā lapaʻau ua i ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka manawa, e alakai i ka make. Ole o ka mea circulatory'ōnaehana i, he poʻe noʻonoʻoʻole akaka ma ke kino, kahe ana ke koko i loko o ka mucous membranes o ka gastrointestinal'āpana.

diphtheria croup

Diphtheria (oiaio) cereal hiki ke IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE a he ākea. Ke oolea o ka maʻi hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka degere o naehana insufficiency.

Symptoms o diphtheria o ka larynx hoʻomōhala i nā. Ma catarrhal manawa, i ka hoʻomanawanui i ka leo ka leo, ka hae mumulu cough, he iki kuni. Ma hope o kekahi 'ole nā lā iʻoi aku cough, pilikia hanu, iloko o ka inspiratory uwe kani ua lohe.

I loko o ka lua o ka wā - stenotic, i ke ahonui poino Episode o spasmodic cough e mau mai ka 2 a hiki i 30 minuke. Ke kanaka i cyanotic, ia pallor o nasolabial triangle, mahuahua sweating.

Ma hope iho o kēia wā ia lŘlŘ asphyxial, wehewehe aku ma ka drowsiness, lethargy, pallor o kaʻili, convulsions, haʻahaʻa ke koko. Inā ke hoʻomanawanui nei i ka manawa e hōʻike i mālama ', make ia lŘlŘ.

na kamalii, me ka poʻeʻelemākule, a kanaka me ka nawaliwali e hoʻonele, a ua kauoha aku ma ka waiʻona hainā, malnutrition kēia palapala o ka diphtheria me koʻu hoomanawanui ana'ku.

diphtheria o ka ihu

Kēia palapala no ka maʻi mea ole pela paʻakikī. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma keʻano o ka purulent rhinitis, ua uhiia nasal mucosa me na mai hehe, nano, e pehu ae ka maka i loko o ka wahi o ka papalina a me ka maka. Ana wela a me ka maʻamau huahelu paha kānaka ke kiekie, ka mea, aohe intoxication. Ka wahi a puni o ka ihu meaʻano ukiuki, eia kahi mea akaka nā hua, a crisp. Ma ka hihia o kaʻawahia ano o ka maʻi e pehu ae subcutaneous'aʻaʻa papalina a me ka ai.

diphtheria maka

Kēia palapala no ka maʻi hiki ke pioloke me ka maʻamau conjunctivitis. No ka mea maʻi wehewehe aku ma ka redness a me ka mehana nani o ka conjunctiva kenekulia. I ka loaʻa nō hōʻemi iki catarrhal palapala serosuppurative hookuuia. I ka membranous palapala ma ka conjunctiva ikea poʻohina-keʻokeʻo Film i mea hiki ole ia e weheʻia, ka mahana ua iki ke kiekie. ʻawahia punahelu mai ka huʻi hookahi. Nā lihilihi pehu, ma laila nō e auaaeaiea sukrovichno-purulent külana. Apana o ka ili a puni o ka maka, ua ukiuki a me ka lilo o ke kuaua, kelulose e pehu ae a puni ka maka kumu.

Diphtheria o kaʻili, wahine, pepeiao

I na ano o ka diphtheria mea pohihihi a me ka loa pinepine hoʻomōhala noniakahi me nā ano o ka maʻi. A pau kēia mau Lolina mea e like me ka hoike ana mai o keia maʻi: hoʻokano, redness o ka ili a me ka mucous membranes, fibrinous ka penaʻana ma luna o ka loli ana o wahi, i wela ai, a ola 'āina' lymph aka wahi.

I ka diphtheria kane wahine pathological kaʻina ua kiaʻana i kāna i loko o ka omaka. Ma nā wāhine, ka mea hiki ke palahalaha ae i ka perineum, anus, vagina a me ka hopu labia. I ka Ia manawa e i serous kahe ana ke koko. He pilikia mimi, e lilo ia i ola.

I diphtheriaʻili pathological kaʻina e hoʻomōhala ana i loko o ka'āina ma i kia intertrigo, palapū, eczema paha fungus. Eia kahi mea akakaʻino oho ka penaʻana ma luna o kaʻili, a me ka serous-purulent hookuuia. General intoxication ua i mālama.

Kaawale i hiki ke koho i ke ano o ka maʻi o hemorrhagic diphtheria. He aha ka mea? Ma keia palapala, ua kahe ana ke koko mai o ka loli ana o wahi. I lapaʻau ua holomua, ia mea nui, e ike ai i ko keia mea he hōʻailona o ka diphtheria aʻike mau moku trauma. E hana i kēia 'oe e hoʻolohe i ke ano o ke ahonui a me ke alo o nā symptoms.

lapaʻau '

Ma muli o ka pilikia makapō nana ma ke alo kekahi Film, pokole o ka hanu me ka hoʻowahāwahā halulu ma ka ulu o, ka hae mumulu cough diagnosed me "diphtheria". ʻike, ka loaʻa o nā ano, a ua hoʻohana haʻawina, e kuhikuhi i kekahi ke kanana nei diagnose atypical ano o ka maʻi.

Ma na hoopii, hana bacteriological hana o ka noiʻi, i mea e ka hoʻomanawanui lawe i ka swab o diphtheria mai ka pharynx. Kēia papa hana e leie aku oe e kuhikuhi i ke pathogen a me ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina konaʻawahia ano.

Ke serological papa hana ua pono e hooholo i ka degere o ka e hoʻonele hoʻopilikia ka loaʻaʻana antitoxic a me antibacterial nā mea'aʻaʻa.

E ho ohana i aaiaoe iaoia ikea ai pathogen DNA.

diphtheria lapaʻau

Nānā 'ole o ka oolea o ka maʻi, diphtheria i loko o nā mākua a me nā keiki hana wale nō i loko o ka haukapila. Ke hoomanawanui Pono e pili ana i kaʻai a me ka moe koena. I mea e neutralize i ka diphtheria exotoxin, a paʻa intoxication lawelawe diphtheria lāʻau lapaʻau (PDS). Ka lāʻau 'E e lawelawe me ka hikiwawe e loaa, kēia e mālama i ka ulu ana o complications. He oi loa aku hoi mana no 4 lā mai ka hoouka kaua. Ka lāʻau 'Ua hoʻohana a hiki i ka manawa o kēia maʻiʻaʻai ma hope o hui' ana me ka mea mai kanaka.

Eia hou, i ka hoʻomanawanui ua hoakaka ia i ka papa o antibiotics, hiki hoemi i ka nui o ka pathogen, symptoms o intoxication i hoemiia. Nō kāu hana i ka "Ampicillin" "Amoxicillin", "Cephalexin", "Oksitsillin". Inā pono, e hoonoho i hormones (prednisolone hoomakaukau), antihistamines ( "Diazolin" "Suprastin" listen'ōlelo.), Antipyretics, nā wikamina.

E pale aku stenosis, i ke keʻena ma luna pono e maikaʻi-ventilated, i ka hoʻomanawanui ua häʻawi mai ai kekahi paio inu i loko o ka palapala o ke kī a me ka waiu me ka soda, mahu inhalation. I ka ho'ēmi i hypoxia lawelawe humidified oxygen ma Via nasal catheter. Inā mau nohoʻana mai i ke kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika 'i ke ahonui o ka kanawai, ka mea, ua häʻawi mai "Prednisolone".

Inā ka hoʻomanawanui ua huʻi naehana hoʻokō 'ole' ana, ma keia hihia ka mea, e pono ke lawe ka manaʻo ana e wehe i ka ho film. No keia mea, e hoʻohana'ūpā ahi, ka pila EII ni. Po loa hihia hiki ole ke hana meʻoki kino. Ke hoomanawanui Ua lawelawe iho la no ka ha Tube i loko o ka larynx a trachea.

I loaʻawahia diphtheria, laryngeal diphtheria, infectious-ʻawahia hawewe a me nā pilikia complications o ka hoʻomanawanui hospitalized i loko o ka mālama nui malama pa alima.

complications

Ke toxin, i produces diphtheria bacillus, koke paka i loko o ke koko, ka mea a nā loa a me ka pilikia complications. Ka mea, e manaʻo (ʻawahia) a me ka 'ole-kekahi.

Ka hooulu ana o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'loa pinepine ia lŘlŘ ka wā o kaʻawahia ano o ka maʻi, nae ka mea i hiki i loko o nā' ano apau loa. Complications nā myocarditis, neuritis, nephrotic maʻi pale.

Myocarditis paha e ka nui a me ka lohi. I kakahiaka nui e i 1-2 hebedoma o ka maʻi. Ma kaumaha, e holumua ai naʻau ole. Ma nā mea maʻi me abdominal eha, ka luaʻi, ka lāʻau ikiʻai e hoola ae. Aia He He systolic naʻau ohumu, arrhythmias, koke emi i loko o ke koko,. Hoʻonuiʻia ake a me ka lilo ikepili koʻikoʻi.

Late myocarditis, a hoʻomōhala ana i loko o 3-4 pule, ua he oi benign papa.

A typical complication o diphtheria - kakahiaka nui a me ka pō flaccid lōlō. Ma ka hebedoma lua o ka maʻi i hoʻomōhala i kakahiaka nui lōlō o ka cranial nā aʻalolo. Ke hoomanawanui i nasal leo, ia pilikia i ka moni 'ia, i ka wa e kaawale aku o ka reflex a hiki i ka pahee kīleo. I kekahi manawa, i ka hoʻomanawanui hiki ole heluhelu, a 'aʻole i maopopo ma waena o ka poe liilii, mea.

Ma hope o 4-5 pule, mea paha e lohi flaccid lōlō. Hoemiia tendon reflexes, ia Muscle nawaliwali, hoʻopōʻino ōhumu.

Inā Kahaha iho nāʻiʻo o ka ai a me ka kumu, he kanaka hiki ole ia i loko o ka noho ana kulana, ia mea paakiki e malama i kou poo. Paha i ka hooulu ana o ka laryngeal lōlō, pharynx, diaphragm. Ua hiki aku i ka poho o ka leo a me ka nānā aku o ka mālie cough, i ka hoʻomanawanui mea paakiki i ka ale,'ōpū omo ai.

Ma ka huʻi pae o ka maʻi i hoʻomōhala nephrotic maʻi pale. Ka mimi Ua mālama ka mahuahua dala o ke kumuʻiʻo, kiʻekiʻe ma luna o maʻamau ulaula koko keena, a keʻokeʻo koko keena. Pelaʻaʻa puʻuwai kuleana pili i ua ole hihia hoʻi.

No ka 'ole-kekahi complications nā pneumonia, otitis Media, lymphadenitis, a me na mea e ae.

Outlook

Ke prognosis hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka paakiki o ka maʻi ia lŘlŘ diphtheria lāʻau lapaʻau, mai ka manawa mai o ka iapaau ana, e like me ka pono me ka hooulu ana o nā complications.

Ma ka lua i ka lima o ka lā o ka maʻi e make e anaʻano nui i loko o ka palapala o kaʻawahia diphtheria. Ke kumu -ʻawahia hawewe a me ka asphyxia. Hope elua i ekolu pule mai ka hoouka kaua ana o ka maʻi e make ai ke'ākoʻakoʻa mai loa myocarditis.

Kāohi

Kāohi mea maikaʻi ma mua o hoolaia, o ka oi aku ia o ka pilikia me diphtheria. He aha ka mea, ua i ua loaʻa, akā, pehea e oe hoʻopale '? I ka papa kuhikuhiE kāohi ana o - ka vaccination, a ua lawe mai e like me ke ano, mai ka makahiki o ka 3 mahina, i ekolu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Vaccination kū'ē i kēia maʻi ua komo i loko o ka immunization haʻalele 'ana. DTP laʻau koʻokoʻo hoʻohana 'ole' ē aʻe, ec he diphtheria toxoid. Nā mākua Pono ka booster e malama i hoʻonele mai i diphtheria.

Ina paha e e vaccination aku i diphtheria? O ka holo ana, i ka laʻau koʻokoʻo - keia mea,ʻaʻole he kumu hoʻomalu i oe e ole e mea mai, akā, i ka maʻi, e hana oluolu, a me ka loa complications. makua revaccination ua lawe mai i na makahiki he umi.

Kupono Kāohiʻana o ka diphtheria e pale aku i ka laha o ka maʻiʻaʻai. Ke hoomanawanui lakou e ike koke kaʻawale, a na hoike o na kanaka, ka poe i hui 'ana me ia. Hōʻike 'Corynebacterium diphtheria nā moku halihali mokulele i kaʻawale, a kau mai i ka pono lapaau.

Ma kindergartens a me nā kula hoʻolauna quarantine pā, ma a ka hoomanawanui, disinfect. Ke hoomanawanui e ia i loko o ka haukapila a ka mea i ola, a ua hoopaaia ma nā ho'āʻo ma me ka io result.

A kanaka nana i waiho wale aku no i ka maʻi i produces transient e hoʻonele. He umi makahiki ma hope,ʻo ia ke hou 'maʻi, akā, i ka maʻi, e ana wale.

Ole, e like me nā hua'ōlelo o ka vaccination a me ka revaccination hoemi tensions antidiphtheria e hoʻonele a me ka poe elue no ka hooulu ana i ka maʻi. Vaccinated diphtheria mea mehana, complications mea pohihihi keia.

Nonspecific prophylaxis o diphtheria - he poe paakiki,, lōpū hoounauna, maikai no kou kino, waiū i hou lewa.