Elizabethan baroque kuhikuhipuʻuone o St Petersburg: ano, hiʻona a me nā 'ano

Elizabethan Baroque - ka kuhikuhipuʻuone kaila i waho i ka noho alii ana o Empress Elizabeth. Ke heyday o kona mau Falls, ma ka waena konu o ka XVIII kenekulia. Kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone, mua ka Luna o ka loa luku kaila, lilo Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli (1700-1771). Ma ka hanohano o kona Elizabethan Baroque pinepine i kapaʻia ka "Rastrelli".

, hoʻokomo

Ka noho alii ana o Petero ka Nui i kekahi wahi lihi iki o ka loli ana i ka nohona kuʻuna o ke aupuni. Ua kukulu ia ke hou kapikala i loko o ke kaila o nā hale, gravitated i nā ana hoʻohālike o Europa, o ke kuhikuhipuʻuone. 'O kēia ke au o ka ai-i kapaia o Petrine baroque, hooeueuia lakou e ka Kelemānia, Hōlani a me Kuekene examples o kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ke hou kaila Ua kokoke loa aku mai ka Byzantine kauoha, a puni pepehiʻia, a mau ike i loko o ka Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone no kenekulia. A me ka Baroque Kapa akula ia i loa conditional. Ke kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka manawa kokoke i i ike lush hoanmike, mua nona kaila.

Petero ka a Elizabethan Baroque, auou caiaiai ia, i kekahi mau nui oko ao. Hope ke kemu i ka mooolelo o Moscow kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka pō XVII -., Ua hoi hou ka hoʻomaka o ka XVIII kenekulia i ke kea-na¯ haʻawina noaia o ke kūkulu o ka luakini, onion a me na ohia-hoʻokino Nani Loa ka paleʻana.

idiosyncrasy

Board muli loa kaikamahine o Petero ka Nui i malama ulu o ka moku'āina mana ka mana, i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i ka aina o ka nui. Kēia au hiki ole pili i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone. Elizabethan Baroque ma St. Petersburg, a ma kahi e aku ua lilo ka epitome o ka moku'āina mana. Mākou e hoailona oukou i kekahi ano hiʻona o kēia kaila:

• aʻo luaʻano o Nani Loa oihana mua;

• ductility a me ka hōʻeuʻeu kuhikuhipuʻuone pepa;

• contrasting kala like 'ole he huihui' ana i loko o ka paia waho;

• i ka pono o pilasters a me ekolu-hapaha kolamu;

• lealea a me ka nui o ka Nani Loa lāliʻi i loko o ka interiors;

• he hoʻi i kekahi mooolelo o kahiko Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone.

Maestro kaila

Kona hanaia'na mua i hanaia i loko o Courland Rastrelli no he makualiʻi, Biron. A laila, ua lilo iho la i ka luna kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone o Anna Ivanovna, a me ka hope Elizabeth. I ke kakahiaka nui 40-ies o ka XVIII kenekulia kipa Rastrelli Moscow, kahi ia i ka manawa kūpono e kiʻi ike me Eia kekahi laʻana o ka loina Lūkini kuhikuhipuʻuone. E like me ka manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni kuhikuhi mai, ka mea, 'o ka pōkole huakaʻi loli i ka hana hou ia ana o ka haku, a, me ia i kaʻilihune, ma ke alo o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Petersburg ia ia.

Ka mua hale, a ua kūkuluʻia ma ka Rastrelli ma ke kauoha o ka Empress, a i hoomaka i kaulana i kana, ua ke kauwela pā kaua. Eia naʻe, Ua i mālama i kēia hale, no ka mea, ua laau. A laila, me ka loli iki ana degere o ka komo,ʻo ia i hana i kekahi mau hana:

• Na Luna Nui Palace ma Peterhof (1747-1752);

• St. Andrew ka Hale Pule Nui ma Kiev (pena sketch o ka hale i loko o 1747);

• rearrangement Tsarskoselskogo Ana Palace (1752-1757).

Ka loa kukulu ana i loko o ke kulanakauhale

Ka Winter Palace i kekahi o na hana hope o Rastrelli. Ka hale, kahi o kaʻeleʻele, ua noho ai i keia la, a me kēia lā hōʻike i ka Elizabethan Baroque a pau. ? Ieoaeunoai hoomaka i ka 1754. Kona wahi dala i 60,000 kānaka kuea mika, a be 1500 lumi. Ka hale i ka mea kiekie loa mawaena o nā mea a pau o ka noho hale i loko o ke kūlanakauhale. Kēia i malama o ka empress palapala i kekahi kauoha e papa ana, e kūkulu hou kiʻekiʻe-ala hale. A me ka manawa mea,ʻaʻole he mau manao wale, o ka mō'ī, a me ka mea i Rastrelli mau hōʻailona i ka maikaʻi huliāmahi o ka hale e pili ana i kaʻawelike laula o ka Neva. Naʻe, nā lāliʻi o kona mau mea, ua ulu ka mea, i keia manawa i ka ikeia, a ua hoomaka ae la noiʻi e maopopo hōʻike 'ana i keia mea ua i hou aku o ka fiction. Naʻe, ke olelo paa pololei hookoia.

poinaʻole nani

Pau i ka hana o ka Winter Palace ma lalo o Ana II, a me Rastrelli: Empress kipaku aku la ia ia, hoopakela aku Felten, Vallin ka'Aroda: Mothe, Rinaldi a me Betsky. Ka hale ua undergone kekahi mau aeiino? Oeoey a me restorations, akā, i keia la 'oe ke' ike i nā lāliʻi o? Aaony Rastrelli, a me ka hana ma lalo o kona alakaʻiʻana. Lush hoʻopau, ano o ka Baroque kaila koho, e haawi mai i ka hale o ka aha lealea helehelena. Ka hale o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone i ke kiʻiona pāpana e hana i kekahi kolamu, laila kaawale ma kahi loihi, alaila, ohi ia ma laulau e like, risalits (nei iluna o māhele o ka hale i loko o nā mea a pau kona kiekie), hehi pana pua.

Ka mea helehelena ke alo i ka Palace Square, Rastrelli hakahaka e pio. Ma kona hanaia'na i hooeueuia lakou i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone ka wā e hana ana ka hoʻoponopono 'ana Palace ma Strelna. Hoomau pinepine aku ke kūkulu repainted. Initially, i ka papa kuhikuhiE waihoʻoluʻu ua mahana ocher, kaawale oihana mua (palapala hopu inlay) anao? Aou keʻokeʻo Lime. I keia la, i ka pā kaua paia i he omaomao hue. No ka mea manawa mua no laila, e lilo i ka hoʻomaka o ka Nui Patriotic War.

Smolny Hale Pule Nui

Ua Ua noʻonoʻo ka luna makakū Rastrelli Smolny halepule. Elizabethan baroque kuhikuhipuʻuone o keia hale alohi i loko o nā mea a pau kona nani nui. Smolny Hale Pule Nui, ke kikowaena hehee ai o ka Ensemble, ua hookumuia oia October 30, 1748. 'Ana kākoʻo i ka hana o ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Karistiano Knobel, akā, i ke kumu o ka hale papahana o Rastrelli.

Hale Pule Nui hoʻonaniʻia ai iiiaanoaa o Nani Loa oihana mua: dormer, arcuate (luchkovye) nū, na anela, a me vases. Initially ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone i hele e kūkulu i ka hale ma luna o ka Europa ho - me kekahi Dome. Elizabeth i ole i ae mai ia i ka pāʻoihana a Koi ikaika ma luna o ka elima-na¯ haʻawina ano Orthodox aha hookolokolo. Naʻe, ka mea, o ka luakini no e wale i kekahi, no ka nui loa Dome. Ua punohu i ka pahu i ka mahiole-hoʻokino a kainuʻu pūʻia me bulbous poo. ʻO nā eha Dome - he bele hale kiaʻi.

Hale Pule Nui visually maheleia i mau cii. Kekahi nā ka malalo o ka mea helehelena, me kona poe helehelena like i ka hale. Ka lua - e huki iʻelima Dome - māmā a me kona kuhikuhipuʻuone e like me ka mea mau kiʻi o ka luakini. Smolny Hale Pule Nui mahaloʻia he nui wā Rastrelli. I kēia lā ka mea, o kekahi o ka loa nani hale o ka Elizabethan baroque kuhikuhipuʻuone o Saint Petersburg. Ua Ua Aia ma Rastrelli Square ma ka kikowaena wahi o ke kulanakauhale.

hanaia'na Kvasova

Over ka Ana Palace ma Tsarskoye Selo me Rastrelli hana a me ka 'ē aʻe nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka Elizabethan baroque: Alana Vasilevich Kvasov a me Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky. Hoikehonua, kiʻiʻoniʻoni ike i ka mea kākau mua o ka mea e ola ai ma ka Haymarket. Keia ekalesia, ua hookumuia ia ma ka 1753. Up i kēia manawa ka mea, ua malamaia wale ma paʻi: i ka 1938 ka mea i paa, a me ka 1961 - puhi mai. Ma ka umikumamaiwa kenekulia, ke kilo o ka ekalesia wahi Rastrelli, akā, ke kālā no ka poʻe puni hoʻonaʻauao i kū'ē'ē ai.

No ka mea hoahanau Razumovsky Kvass i hana hale aliʻi ma Kozelets, Gostilitsy a me Znamenka (hope kilo koe controversial). I ka 1748 hele aku la oia a hiki i Ukraine, kahi āna i hana ma luna o nā papahana ma ka Ukrainian Baroque kaila.

Savva Ivanovich Chevakinsky

Ma Tsarskoye Selo pāhana Chevakinsky kukulu ia mau hale o ka Ana Palace, lānai "Monbijou", a hiki i kēia lā i ole, ua hookoeia mai ai, na hale no? Aaiuo. Eia hou, i ke kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone komo i loko o ka hanaia'na o ka lānai "ʻeleʻele,".

Chevakinsky ua 'lii moku kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone. He kākoʻo i ka hana o aee ma ka mokupuni o "New Holland" a ua ulu ka manao no ke kūkuluʻana i ka Kronstadt. Elizabethan Baroque hana Chevakinsky loaa i na mea ano. Nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone pinepine hana kaola o ekolu kolamu no ka meaʻai i nā kihi, i hanaʻia e hao nā lānai, a brackets me ka Floral kumu.

St. Rotehama mokukaua Hale Pule Nui

I ka papa kuhikuhiE huahana o Chevakinsky - St. Rotehama mokukaua Hale Pule Nui. Ua Ua Aia i loko o ka St. Rotehama ieiuaau o St. Petersburg, a mea kekahi o ka loa nani poeikohoia o ka Elizabethan baroque.

Ua kukulu Hale Pule Nui mai ka 1753 a hiki i 1762 makahiki. Ma hua'ōlelo o ka hale o ke kea. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Nani Loa hehee ai ma Rotehama Hale Pule Nui i Corinthian kolamu, stuccoʻoki, he entablement a forged ki ma luna o nā nā lānai. Building wahi keu elima na papakaukau, cupolas.

Elizabethan Baroque, kona hiʻona i kūkākūkā i loko o keia 'atikala mea hou i ka predominant kaila ma hope o ka make ana o Elizabeth. Kēia kuhikuhipuʻuone nā mea kū kokoke, e halii mai i ka moku'āina kūlanakauhale. Naʻe, i ke kaila lewa,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka hana o St. Petersburg Artists. Elizabethan Baroque ua hookomo ia ma ka hana o nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone ma Moscow, kuhikuhi D. V. Uhtomskogo a me I. F. Michurina.