Emperor Trajan: pōkole Kawaihae, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo, kiʻi

Ma lalo o Trajan, ka mea i alii iho la oia ma 98-117 makahiki., Ke Roman aupuni a hiki i kona zenith. Kēia Auguseto i kekahi mauʻana kaua a me kona mau hoalauna, hana ma ka kukulu ana o na kulanakauhale a me ka colonization o hou aina. e hoʻokele He e huli i kekahi mau 'ōlelo a me nā pauku o Roma hui, no laila, i ke aupuni a pau ma luna o ka mau makahiki i hala iho nei i keia manawa, kumupaʻa a me ka pomaikai.

me Kinohi

I ka wā e hiki mai ia Auguseto Trajan Ua hānauʻia ma September 18, 53 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Italica, ma Baetica mokuna. I kēia lā i kēia wahi o Sepania. I ka wā kahiko ka mea, ua o Laielohelohe me ka dukima colonists. Ka aina hanau o ka Auguseto Trajan i ke kumuhana o ka awaawa hoopaapaa ma waena o Rome, a Carthage. Ke keiki ka ohana i hele mai, mai ka poe koa, ka poe, iloko o ka Apana Punic Kaua i ka Italians deported kaulana Scipio. Initially, nā kūpuna i hele mai, mai Trajan Umbrian kūlanakauhale Tudera. Penei, ka mea, ua ka mua Roma Auguseto, ka mea i hele mai, mai ka ano o kolonistskogo ka mea i loaʻa kaulana pomaikai nui i loko o ka mamao mokuna.

Trajan ka makua kāne maoli i ke alii kiaaina ana o Suria. Ua uaʻike ia i ka 76, i ka wā e hiki mai Caesar paa malaila, no ka oihana koa hana. A hiki i ke aupuni a pau, hookonokono lakou i kipi o Saturninus, oia ua luna o ka Legeona, a i kaʻeleu loa i ka uhi o ka kipi. No ka mea, o kona makana i ka lanakila maluna iho o ka kānaka kolohe Traian 91, lilo Kanikele. Ma ka 97th ia i ia i luna o ka poʻe i loko o kekahi keena Germany, a ma laila he kaua ia a eia i kela poe kanaka ei.

hooilina nā aʻalolo

, Hoʻokomo Trajan ma luna o ka noho aliʻi, me ka Emperor Nerva, he loio ma ke aʻo, hele mai ia me ka pili aupuni'ōnaehana, i ka pomaikai o ka Roma moku'āina no ka hou kenekulia. Ma mua o ka mana o ka mau loa City Ua haawiia mai mai ka makua kāne i ke keiki, akā, i kēia rula he nui kona flaws, ma muli o ia i mau hana poʻe kiaʻi, a me Army uprising. Nā aʻalolo? Aaei mea ma i ka incumbent Auguseto i'ōleloʻia ai kona hope, e like me kona kino ano a me ka pono. Ma keia hihia, o ka hooilina i ole e ka hoahanau o ke kiaaina. I mea e hana i ka hoolilo ana o ka noho aliʻi kupono hope Nerva hoʻokumu i kekahi mooolelo o na keiki hookama. He pokole ano pihoihoi mai, e koho i ka hope.

I '97 mea mahaloia imua o ka poe koa Trajan, ka mea i loko o Germany, aʻo maila i ka Auguseto manao e apono i aku la ia ia. Soon, oia kauoha aku lilo ke kākoʻo '-kuhina a nā aʻalolo. A i loko o kekahi mau pule ma ka hoʻomaka o '98, ia la ia mea e pili ana i ka make ana o ka Auguseto. Traian aʻo e pili ana i kēia nūhou ma Cologne. I ke kahaha ko oukou naau a pau i kona mau courtiers a me nā aliʻi, me ka hou Auguseto (e like me ka mea i loaa mai i ka inoa o princeps),ʻaʻole hoʻi i hiki i Roma, a noho iho la ma ka Rhine. Ike hihio no luna hoʻoholo ole e kali manawa maʻana, akā, kahi hoʻomau e komo i loko o ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o ka mokuna.

E hoʻomaka me keia Episode kupaianaha o ka noho alii ana o Emperor Trajan huli ae au heyday ka Roma aupuni a pau. Emperor nanea ao kākoʻo i loko o ka poʻe koa, a ua lilo ia i ike loea kia o kona mana. Ua mau ka papa kuhikuhiE hoaaloha a me nā hoa a pau i kona mau pūkaua nui Trajan Iulio Urs Servian, a me Loukio Licinius Sura.

A hiki i ke kanaka maoli o Italica i ke aliʻi,ʻo ia hoʻoili koke i ka hōʻeleu i? Ieoaeunoaa o alanui ma na palena ia ma ke kapa akau o ka Rhine, a me ka Danube a hiki i ka Black Sea. I ka 98 a me 99 o ka Auguseto Trajan e ana aʻei ka hoomalu ana o ka Roma kihi o ka aina. Kona wikiwiki ua hoaponoia: ma ka waena ino i o ka Danube State hooweliweli Marcomanni a me'ē aʻe Germanic ohana. Ka mea, uaʻike pono wale o ka palena e malu, Trajan hope hoi aku ai i Roma. Ka mea, ua ka Akuma ka o '99.

Kue me Detsebal

Aliʻi Koa manawa i ka Roma aupuni a pau Trajan ka au i kona confrontation me ka Dacians - he pūʻulu o Thracian ohana, e noho ana i loko o keia-lā Romania. The 87 - 106 makahiki. mau kanaka Decebal rula. Ma waena o ka Roma, a me ka Dacians palena kaua liʻiliʻi hana mau. Emperor Trajan hana i loko o ka hana o ka palapala ma ka Danube mea no hoi i ka i ka nohoʻana ma alanui i kokololio hoouka kaua ana o na legeona ma keia nui wahi. I ka wā o ka nui loa escalation o ke kaua ma luna o ka mokuna me Dacia puni 100 tausani Roma koa i kia.

Traian hoʻoholo i ka nui mua, me ka manao e pale aku i ka noaaeeecaoee o Decebal mana. Kēia papa kōnane ua he Classic hele o ke aupuni a pau. Na Romans i ole tolerate a puni ia hoalauna ikaika, o ka mea no ia i ka slogan kaulana o "māhele a me ka noho alii ana". Penei, i ke pio ana o Decebal i manao ia e ka kāohi ana i koi 'ia no ka malu hou o ka naau aupuni a pau. Lower Danube, a me ka Carpathians o Laielohelohe Trajan kekahi me na lono o ka waiwai hoʻokomo kālā o nā minelala hao.

Dacian kaua

I 101, ka Senate hai aku kaua Detsebal. Emperor Trajan iho alakai ka poe koa, i hele aku ma luna o ka lōʻihi Hike. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hoomoana lilo Viminatsiya ma keena Moesia. Me ke kōkua o ke pontoon uwapo Roma poʻe hao wale i kela kapa o ka Danube, a neʻe hohonu i loko o Dacia. Ma ka Akuma ka o ka 101, ka mea pepehi Decebal hoʻomoana ai, aia i loko o ke kaulana Iron puka Gorge. Dacian alakaʻi i e hee aku i loko o nā kuahiwi.

I ka hoomaka ae la i ka Roma, e neʻe i Transylvania, na ia nei hoa paio la i Lower Moesia, neʻe maila i ka epicenter o ke kaua ma luna o ka Lower Danube. Ma Pepeluali 102, ua he loa kaua koko o ke kai eʻe. About Adamklissi ma ka lilo o ka 4 tausani koa o Roma Emperor Trajan luku i ka Dacians. Ma ka hanohano o ka lanakila ma ka wahi hoʻoweliweli i kūkulu nunui Ilina o monumental mea hoʻomanaʻo nō hoʻi a me ka lua kupapau kuahu, ma i i hehi inoa o ka poe make.

I 102, ka Romans Decebal i stringent ana. He hele i ke aupuni a pau e ku kona aina a poe koa, e kali kona mana i loko o Dacia, hala koa ipu a me nā mea kaua, i nā mea a pau i ka defectors, a hoole mai i Imi i kona mau legionaries. Decebal maoli lilo i pio e o Rome, a hoomaka ae la e negotiate me ia i kona kuwaho. hoomaka wā e kahea Trajan Dacian Ma ka hanohano o ka lanakila i ke kaua. Ma December 102, oia ua mea maʻa mau kaulana hewaʻiʻo lanakila.

Akā no naʻe ua o Decebal ia ia i hele aku ai e kukuli mua o ka Roma. No kekahi mau makahiki a Kamehameha e hoʻomākaukau ana no ka hou confrontation me ke aupuni a pau. Ua hoomaka i ka makahiki 105. Ma muli o ia ka ho'āhewa wale 'o ka Dacians mai Rome ma ka Danube pono ai nā kilo (o 14 legeona). Lakou hoike no ka pili ana i ka hapalua o ka poe kaua a pau o ke aupuni a pau.

Kekahi kaua i hele e haule 106 makahiki. Ma na aoao elua ka mea, ua hookoaiaʻe e ka maopopo ukiuki. Kanaka hemahema ka piena o pale, a i puhi aku i ko lākou mau poʻo sarmizegetusa regia. Ma ka hopena, Decebal waiho wale aku no i ka make hope loa, a ua hoounaia mai o kona hoʻokaʻawale auaneʻi au poo me ka trophy ia Roma, ma ka mea, ua i ke kahiko maʻamau kiola ia i loko o ka mud. Na devastated Dacia Traian hoʻokumu kekahi imperial panalaau.

Traian-hana, ai kukulu

I ka wä kahiko moʻolelo uaʻuʻuku Moi, ai hoihoi kūkulu o ka Emperor Trajan. Pōkole Kawaihae o ka lula pili i ka muli o na mea he nui kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Nā wahi e pili ana no kekahi o ko lakou ola. Ma hope o ka lanakila maluna iho o ka Dacians Trajan kauoha i ka hana o ka nui pōhaku uapo ma Danube. manao no ia mea kākau i ke kaulana kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Apollodorus o Damaseko. Ke alahaka He 1,2 kilomika ku lōʻihi ma luna o 20? Aeia, a i kekahi o ka loa kilakila hale o kona'āina.

kūkulu Trajan Ua nui na manawa loaʻa i kona inoa (no ka mea hoike, ka mea kaulana Trajan kolamu). Kēia attractionʻikeʻia ma luna o ka Roma Forum i ka makahiki 113. Ua Ua kukulu, e hoomanao i ka lanakila maluna iho o ka Dacians. Kia i ka mea maikai i Carrara pōhaku keʻokeʻo. Together me ka pedestal mea hiki i ke kiekie o 38 mau mika. Loko o ka puka 'ole kau i kaʻoni iho staircase e alakai i ka, mākaʻi ihola iā anuu. uhi Masters kumu me ke kanaaho depicting Episode o ka Dacian kaua.

hui Nabataeans

I 106, ka Emperor Trajan, he pōkole Kawaihae a mea he laʻana o ke kanaka e ole e hoʻokaʻawale, mai ka poe koa, huli i kona noonoo ana ma ka hikina. No ka mea manawa mua i ka Roma poe ma Arabia i ka '25, i ka wa a ka huakaʻi i Aelia Gala hele aku. Trajan iho ike i ka hikina, e like me ke kanaka opiopio ia i malamaia ma Suria. Hoa aupuni a ua ka Nabataeans. Iki i loko o ka hookahi makahiki ka mea, hoomaka ae la ka paio, kena ae la ma o ka make ana o ke alii Rabila. Kahalewai minoʻaka 'o Randy aupuni a pau. Romans hoopuni i noho i ka'āina, mai ka awawa o Aqaba a hiki i ka waena o Haurana. Ma kēia māhele 'āina, i kukuluia panalāʻau o Arabia, hoike pololei i ka Princeps.

Kawaihae Emperor Trajan hōʻike i ka mea, ua i ka hohonu moku'āina manao a me ka naauao akahele. Ma ka hihia o ka hana ana o ka Nabataeans,ʻo ia i alakaʻiʻia e kalepa a me ka kālai'āina ka noʻonoʻoʻole. Hopu i ke aupuni i ka hope uuku aina ma ka hikina palena o ke aupuni a pau. Omo kaumaha ana i maluhia ka palekana i ka kaua ma Aigupita a me Suria.

Like ma Dacia ma Arabia koke hoomakaʻeleu no? Ieoaeunoaa. Alanui i ikea, e hooikaika ana a me ka mālamaʻana kahua. Kā lākou hana i ka mana i ka mamo? Ooia a me ka ula la ma ka mokuna ciia. Kapikala o ka'āina i lilo i Batra, a hoouna Traian VI Zhedezny legiona. Ka lua o ka mea nui wale mawaena konu o Petero. Keia kulanakauhale, ua loihi Ua kaulana no kona nani heiau a me na kihapai. Ka hooulu ana o ka aina ka pilina i kalepa ma ka pohihihi keia Indian waiwai (i loko o 107 Mauna kauoha malu i hiki ma Roma).

Traian colonizer

Wā i kapa i kona printsipsa mea like "me ka maikaʻi loa ia Auguseto Trajan." Aia hoʻi, ka mea, mailoko o mama no hoi i ka nui impetus i ke kūpono 'ana o ka mea a pau aupuni a pau. Ma lalo o Trajan kona piko i colonialist haʻawina o ka Roma. He hana a maluhia iho la ma North Africa. I ka 100, i hoʻokumu i ka hou panalaau ia ma Numidia Tamugadi, ma mua ua he kahiko puniysky moʻomanaʻo.

Kulanakauhale iʻikeʻia i loko o ke ana nou Trayana i ano likeʻia. Ka mea, i kekahi akaka huinahń shape. Aia ma ka waenakonu o ka hālāwai. OAXAʻAno o ka Roma panalāʻau he hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā hale waihona puke a me nā hua'ōlelo (ano mau pou, a me kanaka busts). Hoikehonua, archaeologists Ua oi loa aku hoi i ka puu e pili ana i kēia mau noho ua me ka nānā 'ia ma North Africa like hoʻi me nā wahi e pili ana o kēia mau kūlanakauhale e akakaʻi malamaia ma ka wao nahele one aʻo.

wahi luluʻikepili

Initiative ma colonization, a mawaho kaua i ole makemake i Trajan i ole komo i loko o na mea. Kekahi kumu no ke kumupaʻa o ke aupuni a pau kona hiki e skillfully lawelawe i nā papa a me strata o Roma ke kaiāulu kanaka, i ka wā ua. First Princeps ka oko ao ke kino pili i ka Senate. "First i waena o hoahanauna" - keia ua i ka Emperor Trajan, e like me kana oihana rhetoric. He ike pehea e hikiwawe i ka haaheo, i ka wa e hele mai i ka mea o ka moku'āina.

I ka mea ia manawa, a me ke Senate, e Trajan Ua laki. Kona, hoʻokomo Domitian eliminated ma keia halawai ana kū'ē mai ka kahiko Ikalia, a me ka Roma aristocracy. Ua piha ke Senate a me kanaka, mai ka'āina - e like ka ia me ia i Traian me ka mea e negotiate, la oia ua nui maʻalahi ma mua me na lala o ke kapikala o kaulana ohana.

Me ka mahalo i na hololio (kaulike) Emperor hoomauia i ka papa kaulana nō e Domitian. Ua aeia no papa pâʻani 'o ia i mau manamana nui i loko o ke ola pili aupuni o Roma. Traian i nā hāʻawi mai lākou hou mana. No laila, i ke kaulike hoololiia kālā'ōnaehana a me imperial waiwai. Princeps hoʻonui i ka papa inoa o managerial kulana, a hiki lawe i ka hololio.

Like no ka ano o kanaka, haule iho la oia koke i loko o ke aloha a me ka ke alii i ua i ka Auguseto Trajan. Pōkole Kawaihae Monarch piha Episode, ia ia ma luna o nā'ōleloʻino haawi maka'āinana lokomaikaʻi donations. Mau tausani keiki, ua plebeian ke kōkua o ke noa, e hāʻawi iʻai. Ma lalo o Trajan ma Roma mau hoonohonoho pāʻani a me ka Pelekane'ē nui lealea. He mea i kekahi puu, e hana i mea ole, e kiʻi i ka Halo Wiliama, a komo aku la i ka mōʻaukala o na mea he nui o kona mau hope. Once ma ka mana, ke aliʻi defiantly e hoopauia i ke kānāwai, e like me a kanaka i ho'āʻo no ka hōʻino 'ana i ka Emperor.

Armenian hihia

E kū'ē i ka backdrop o kaʻeleu wahi lulu kūkulu 'ia a me ka yeiiiie hana o ka hikina ma muli naʻe o na mea a pau i koe ma ka aina, i ukali ia e Traian mai iā ia. Ke Roma ia Auguseto pane maʻalahi i kekahi hou aku a emi nui hanana ma ka hawaiian mokuna. Ma kekahi wahi, e lilo i kumu o ke pili Trajan'Ararata. He like kalele iho ma luna o Rome, a Parfia, ma waena o i i kau. I ka makahiki 112 ma luna o ka noho aliʻi Armenian noho Partamazirid. He ua he appointee o ke Parthian ke alii Khosroev. Ka pilikia ua i ka hou mō'ī auou caiaiai Aksidaresa - he kupaʻa pio o ke aupuni a pau.

Hana kupua ha awina Khosroev ukiuki o Roma. Ua hiki ole pane a me ka Emperor Trajan. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i kona kalaiaina pāʻoihana,ʻikeʻia i ke kālā no moʻolelo aie, e hoola i ka waihona a me ka palapala princeps oi loa me ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me ka loio Pliny ka Pehea. No ka mea manawa mua ma hope o ka hanana o ka Armenian hihia Trajan ho'āʻo e negotiate me ke Parthian ke alii ma ke kūkā '. Khosrow noke, a me ka waha olelo hooikaika i ka mea alakai.

A laila, Trajan hele i Anetioka. Ka mea, ua January 114 makahiki. Aie i ka Parthian haʻawina, haunaele wawahi mai i loko o ka palena'āina, akā, e emi iho i ka puka ana a ka Emperor hiki ilaila. Traian kona Hawaii photo busts i loko o nā puke haʻawina i kahiko mōʻaukala, ua he hanohano kona, ikaika a me ka nani. Eia hou, oia ua i ka olelo maikai a me ka ike ana i ka ho ololi i ka hoolohe. Calming Anetioka, Trajan alakai i ka poe koa, a me ka neʻe i'Ararata. Partamazirid, lawe ia demonstratively i kona pāpale aliʻi, me ka manao e loaa i ka hoʻomaopopo pono a me ka Roma. Ka lima kolohe 'ana i ke kōkua. Partamazirid Ua hoʻoneleʻia mai au o ka mana. Ma hope o ka palapala moʻopane, oia ho'āʻo i ka hee. Parthian appointee hopu, a hooko aku la i.

make

I ka makahiki 115 i ke kaua me Parthia. Traian mua hele aku la i Mesopotamia, i kahi, me ka nui ia'ku luku koa i Hosrana. A laila, i ka Roma poe koa i loko o nā kolamu hoʻoneʻe lalo iho o ka o Euperate, a me ka Tigris. Legeona noho Babulona, a me ke kapikala o ke Parthian Ctesiphon. E like me ka hopena o ke kaua aupuni a hoohuiia na aina hou i loko o Mesopotamia. Ma kēia māhele, aina o Asuria i hana. Traian i hiki aku ai i ka Peresia awawa. Oluolu ia i ka pomaikai o ka poe koa, hoomaka ae la oia hoʻolala i ke kai eʻe i India.

Naʻe, i ka Auguseto ka manaolana i ole e hele mai nei. Ma o ka hoʻopuniʻana o Hatra, lilo seriously ka maʻi. Au i e hoʻi i Anetioka. Aia Traian Paʻa ihola iā ia kekahi hahauʻana, i kūpono i loko o kona hapa 'ia' lolo. Princeps make ma luna o Augate 9117, ma ke kulanakauhale o Selinus ma Kilikia.

hana hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

He nui na hana hoihoi 'hoike e pili ana i kona ola i koe i ka Trajan. Ke Roma Auguseto, hoihoi 'mea e pili ana i o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka biographers a me nā kākau o kekahi o ka'āina, he'āina nō o ka palapala me Pliny ka Pehea. Kā lākou palapala ua nui he kia hoʻomanaʻo o ke ana nou. Mahalo no ka mea, ia la ia mea ia Traian ka mea ku ole i ko lakou mau mua i reasonably tolerant i Karistiano. He pāpā mailaʻae Anonymous denunciations o oleloia heretics a me ke alii ana o ka hoopai no ka poe i makemake e peacefully e haʻalele i ko lakou hoomana ana.

No ka ano o kanaka, Traian i ka personification o ke aloha a me ka pono. I ka wā o ka Auguseto i hele ai? Anainoe ma Dacia ma ka puka o kona kapikala hopu i me ka ano o Roma wahine. Trajan ka kōkua e hoola i kana keiki, wahahee hoahewa ia o malicious alapahi Ua noi aku la. Ke kiaaina i papani ai hoi i ka poe koa. Hele aku la ia i ka pā hale, i excuses keiki a wale laila hoomau i kona hele ana.

'Ike a me ka Trajan ka pili me ka Senate. papa manaoia no ka hui malu ke koho ana, oʻApelila ia a me nā'ōlelo hōʻinoʻana koho pinepine hana mai. Kēia hana i ka Auguseto he hailona o ka hopohopo. Episode me na hoailona maopopo hōʻike i ka oihana o ke kenekoa ma lalo o Trajan a me nā mea a pau i kona hanohano i ole mau kālai'āina manaʻo nui.