Ethanoicʻakika. Helu waiwai, e hoʻomākaukau ai a me ka hoʻohana '

Ethanoicʻakika (kekahi inoa - aceticʻakika) - mea he aloha waiwai a mea he loa walaʻauʻana nawaliwali carboxylicʻakika. ʻO nā mea loaʻa o keiaʻakika i kapaia acetates. Ka lilo ana o keia waiwai hiki ke loaa ethanoicʻakika meto ester: ethanal = + ethanoicʻakika meto ester.
Helu waiwai ethanoicʻakika

1. ethanoicʻakika (haʻilula - CH3COOH) o ka wai a me ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka ala, a heʻawaʻawa loa ka vinegaʻaiʻana.
2. hygroscopic. Infinitely wailana i loko o ka wai.
3. ethanoicʻakika miscible me ka hapanui o nā'uheheʻe. He pono wailana kinoea, a'okanikaʻole i huiʻia e like me HI (hydrogen iodide), HF (hydrogen fluoride), HBr (hydrogen bromide), HCl (hydrochloricʻakika) a me na mea e ae.
4. Aia Ua like laina a me cyclic dimers.
5. Na dielectric a eia i o 6,1.
6. mea hō'ā kaʻa mahana ma ka lewa, he 454 degere.
7. ethanoicʻakika 'ano apau loa azeotropes me kalapona tetrachloride, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, pa-xylene a me ka bromoforom.

Ethanoicʻakika hiki ke loaa i loko o kekahi mau aoao:

1. Ma oxidizing acetaldehyde me ka o oxygen, mai ka lewa. Kēia kaʻina mea hiki wale nō i loko o ke alo o ka hōʻeleu - manganese'ākeka i ka wela o ka mai 50 a hiki i 60 degere. Ke naoh Ua like penei:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (oxygen) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoicʻakika)

2. Ka oxidative ki ina hana like i hoʻohana hana. Mua no ka ethanoicʻakika'okesaside o butane i hoʻohana a me ka acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized wale i loko o ke alo o manganese'ākeka ma ke kiekie puʻe a me ka wela. I ka hua o ka ethanoicʻakika ua ma kahi o kanaiwa-kumamalima pakeneka.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-butane Ua oxidized i ka wela o ka 150 a hiki i 200 degere. A pau keia cobalt'ākeka hana me ka hōʻeleu.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Akā, ma muli o ia ka mea nui ala hou mai i loko o ka aila kala, nā o kēia mau kiʻina hana i pono ole, a ua koke, eia ka e oi efficient kaʻina hana no ka carbonylation o metanola.

3. Ka catalytic carbonylation o ka metanola - mea nui ka papa hana no ka hoʻololi kemikala ethanoicʻakika. Ua lŘlŘ conditional helu kaulike.

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. He nui no hoi biochemical? Iecaianoaaiiuo iaoia a hoʻohana i ka hiki ana o microorganisms e oxidize ethanol. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia acetic fermentation. A pau keia ua hoʻohana 'ia me ka maka mea koʻana koko ester 'eto ka waiʻona ole etanolosoderzhaschie wai (kaʻawaʻawaʻana Piʻihonua). Kēia nunui-ʻanuʻu luna 'kaʻina. Ua hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka helu kaulike kēia:
CH3CH2OH (Etera ka waiʻona) + O2 (oxygen) = CH3COOH (ethanoicʻakika) + H2O
palapala noi

- ethanoicʻakika koʻana koko pāʻoihana hoʻohana i loko o ka meaʻai hana, i ka imu a me ka mālama 'ana;

- ethanoicʻakika ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka ho okumu odoriferous waiwai a me ka ai' (acetone, acetyl);

- hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka dyeing a me ka pai ana;

- like me ka naoh meakino no ka'okesaside o kekahi ke aloha 'ona (hydrogen peroxide'okesaside o sulfides);

- hope ethanoicʻakika hui i kaʻawaʻawa loa pungent ala, ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana kahi o ka ammonia.