Female Ottoman Sultanate

Ma kēia 'atikala e kakau mākou i loko o au mamuli Female Sultanate Ottoman aupuni a pau. E kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i kona 'elele, a me ka papa ma ke koho ana o kēia wā me ka mōʻaukala.

Ma mua o mākou noonoo i au mamuli o ka sultanate o na wahine o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, he mau olelo kakaikahi wale no ma luna o ka moku'āina ma i ka mea, ua malamaia. He pono ia makou e hoihoi, e komo i kekahi manawa i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka pōʻaiapili.

Ka Ottoman aupuni a ua i kapaia ka Ottoman. Mea, ua hookumuia ia ma 1299. Ua i laila i au, Osman Gazi, ka mea i lilo i ka mua Suletana o ke aupuni a pau, a hai mai Kuokoa, mai ka Seljuk ?? eoi? O ka mea uuku moku'āina. Naʻe, kekahi kumu hai aku i ke Suletana ka inoa no ka manawa mua kauoha aku maliu wale Murad I, me kana moopuna ia.

Ke heyday o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau

Noho alii ana o Suleiman I ka nani (mai ka 1521 a hiki i 1566) ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka heyday o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Kiʻi o Suletana hooku iho la ia ma luna. Ma ka 16-17 kenekulia, ka Ottoman moku'āina i kekahi o na mana nui i loko o ke ao nei. Ka mokuna o ke aupuni a hiki i 1566 komo i ka aina, aia ma luna o ke kulanakauhale Peresia o Baghdad ma ka hikina o Pukapeka a me Hungary ma ka'ākau a hiki i ka aoao hema o Mecca a me Algeria a hiki i ke komohana. Ke ole o kēia moku'āina i loko o ka'āina, mai ka hoomaka ana mai o ka 17th kenekulia i ke kiʻekiʻe o māhuahua. Aupuni a hope e hina ma hope o ka nalowale i loko o ka First World War.

Ke kūlana o nā wāhine i loko o ke aupuni

Iloko o ka 623 makahiki o ka Ottoman i nohoaliʻi alii iho la oia i ka aina no a hiki i ka aina, me ka 1299 i ka 1922, ka wā i ke aupuni mō'ī oki i nei. Women i hoihoi i loko o ko makou aupuni a pau, ma ka Akä naÿe i na monarchies o 'Eulopa, aole lakou i aeiaʻi e hoomalu aku i ka moku'āina. Naʻe, i kēia kahua ua i loko o nā mea a pau Islamic aina.

Naʻe, i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, aia no he manawa i kapa sultanate o na wahine. I keia manawa, i ka nani ke keka, ua 'Imi hoʻomau ana i loko o ke aupuni. He nui na kaulana moʻolelo i ho'āʻo e maopopo i ka Sultanate o na wahine, kona kūlana e maopopo. Mākou nō hoʻi e kaumaha aku oe i ka e ike i keia hana hoihoi wā ma ka mōʻaukala.

Kaʻia "Sultanate o Women"

No ka mea manawa mua keia kau? Aaeaaaaony i ka hoʻohana 'ia ma 1916, Ahmet Refik Altynay, Turkish kākau moʻolelo. Ua ua loaʻa i loko o ka buke o ke nä känaka 'epekema. Kana hana a ua kapaʻia - "sultanate o na wahine." A me kēia manawa ka Makamae hoopaapaa e pili ana i ka hopena i ua i ma luna o ka ulu o kēia wā o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Aia nā hoa pāonioni ma like me ka mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o keia kŰia no laila, hana no ka Islamic honua. ʻepekema hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka mea e e noʻonoʻo i ka mua ka Luna o ka Women o ka Sultanate.

kumu o ka

Kekahi mau moʻolelo manaʻo i kēia wā i ua loaʻa ma ka manawa o ka hopena o ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Ua ua ike ia ka nenoaiu o ka aina naʻi, a loaa i ka waiwai pio o ke kaua i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ia mau mea. Otherʻepekema manaʻo i nā wāhine i loko o ka Sultanate o ka Ottoman aupuni a ikea aku la i ka paio no ka abolition o ke kānāwai "Ma Succession", paʻiʻia ma Mehmed II Fatih. E like me kēia kānāwai, pono pono e hoʻokō 'ia ma hope o ka ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi na hoahanau a pau o ke Suletana. Ua 'aʻole i nui ka mea, ua, i ka mea a ka manao, he me ia. Moʻolelo i keakea me keia manao manaoio Hjurrem Suletana ka mua ka Luna o ka Women o ka Sultanate.

Hjurrem Suletana

Kēia wahine (Ua hāʻawiʻia ma luna kiʻi o ia) i ka wahine o Suleiman I. Ua ua ia mea i ka 1521, no ka manawa mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka moku'āina, hoomaka ae la e komo ai i ka inoa o "Haseki Suletana". Ma ka unuhi i kēia hopuna'ōlelo o ia hoʻi, "punahele wahine".

E hai mai oe ia makou nui e pili ana i Hjurrem Suletana, kona inoa ua pinepine pili sultanate o nā wāhine i loko o Tureke. Kona maoli inoa - Lisovskaya Aleksandra (Anastasia). Ma Europa, i ike like Roksolana ka wahine. Ua Ua hanau ia ma 1505 ma ka Western Ukraine (Rohatyn). I ka 1520, Suletana Hjurrem la ma Kou Topkapi Palace. Here Suleiman I, Suletana o Tureke, haawi Alexandra he hou inoa - Hjurrem. 'O kēia ka olelo mai ka Apapika' ōlelo hiki ke unuhi 'ia me "ka lawe ana i ka olioli." Suleiman I, e like me mākou i mai la, keia wahine i ka inoa "Haseki Suletana". Alexandra Lisovskaya loaa hou ka mana. Ua e oi aku i ka 1534, ka wā o ka makuwahine o ke Suletana make. Mai ia manawa ka hoʻomaka 'holo Hjurrem he kļhäpai hoʻonani.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka wahine i loa hoʻonaʻauao no kona manawa. Ua waiwai kekahi mau haole 'ōlelo, no laila, i ka pane ana i na palapala o influential aliʻi, nā luna a me nā Artists. Eia hou kekahi, Hjurrem Haseki Suletana ke launa i ka haole i nāʻelele. Hjurrem nae ua i ka pili aupuni aʻoaʻo i Suleiman I. la kana kane kana a he nui mahele o ka manawa ma ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe, no laila, pinepine iholaʻo ia i kana mau hana, e lawe.

Ke ambiguity o ke kūlana o ke Suletana Hjurrem ka loiloi '

'Aʻole i pauʻepekema aelike me ka manao ana e e manaoia like' elele o ka Women o ka Sultanate keia wahine. Kekahi o na kumu nui manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i ka mea, haawi o ka mea ia no kela a me keia o na elele o kēia wā me ka mōʻaukala i ua wehewehe aku ma ka i kēia mau kumu: he pōkole noho alii ana o na sultans a me ke alo o ka inoa "Walid" (makuahine o ke Suletana). None no ia, aole ia e pili i ka Hjurrem. Ua i i ola i ka ewalu makahiki, "Walid" i ka manawa kūpono e kiʻi i ka inoa. Eia hou, ka mea, ua absurd i ka manao ana o ka manawa o ka noho alii ana o ke Suletana Suleiman au ua pōkole, no ka mea, ma luna o ka 46 makahiki. Like, nae, ka mea makemake e hewa, e kapa aku ia i ka noho alii ana o ka "emi". Akā, ke i hoihoi i loko o ka manawa i noʻonoʻo me ka no o ka pono i ka "emi" o ke aupuni a pau. Ua ua he ino kulana home 'ole i loko o ke aupuni i hana sultanate o nā wāhine i loko o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

Mihrimah auou caiaiai make Hjurrem (kiʻi ma luna - kona lua), e lilo ana chairwoman o ka kļhäpai hoʻonani o Topkapi. Ua ua no hoi i manaoio aku ai i keia wahine i ka ole ma luna o kona hoahānau. Naʻe, ka mea hiki ole ke noʻonoʻo 'elele o ka Women o ka Sultanate.

A me ka mea hiki pono e wahi i ko lakou helu? Mākou e kaumaha aku oe i ka papa inoa o nā luna.

Female Sultanate Ottoman aupuni a pau: i ka papa inoa o nā 'elele

No na kumu i haiia ae maluna, i ka hapanui o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i manaoio i na elele, he eha wale.

• I ka mua o ia mau mea - Nurbanu Suletana (makahiki o ke ola - 1525-1583). Ma ka molekumu o ia ua Venetian, i ka wahine ka inoa - Cecilia Venier-Baffo.
• Ka lua o ka Luna - Safiye Suletana (ma kahi o 1550 - 1603). He hoi he Venetian, nona maoli inoa - Sofia Baffo.
• Ke kolu o ka Luna - Kösem Suletana (makahiki o ke ola - 1589 - 1651). Kona Kinohi ua i ike pono, akā, presumably ka mea, ua ka Helene Anastasia.
• A me ka hope, i ka ha o ka Luna - Turhan Suletana (makahiki o ke ola - 1627-1683). Kēia wahine - He Ukrainian inoa Hope.

Turhan Suletana a me Suletana Kesemen

I ka wā o ka Ukrainian Nadezhda 12 o kona mau makahiki, i ka Crimean Tatars i kona pio. Ka mea, kuai lilo aku la ia ia Ker Suleyman Pasha. He, ma ka huli, resold ka wahine Walid Kesemen, makuahine o Ibrahim I, i ka luna o ka mentally retarded. Aia He He kiʻiʻoniʻoni i kapaia "Mahpeyker", a wehewehe e pili ana i ke ola ana o ke Suletana, a me kona makuwahine, maoli ku ma ke poo o ke aupuni a pau. Ua loaʻa iā ia, e mālama i nā mea, e like me Ibrahim au i mentally retarded, no laila ia i hiki i kā lākou mau hana pono hana.

Kēia luna i hele mai i ka noho aliʻi ma ka 1640, i ka makahiki o ka makahiki 25. Like nui no ka moku'āina hanana i hanaia ma hope o ka make ana o Murad IV, i kona kaikuaʻana (no ka mea, i loko o nā makahiki mua o ke aupuni i hoomaluia like Kösem Suletana). Murad IV i ka hope Suletana, e pili ana i ka Ottomanʻana. No ia mea, Kesemen i haʻakoiʻia e ke hoʻoponopono i nā pilikia o ka hou rula.

I ka ninau o ke succession

Ua makemake mea, e kiʻi i ka hooilina i ke kļhäpai hoʻonani lehulehu mea,ʻaʻole paʻakikī. Akā, ua he iʻa. Ka mea, ua i ka mea i ka imbecile Suletana i ka hana ho'āʻoʻana a me kā lākou mau notions o ka wahine maikai. Ibrahim I (kona kiʻi Ua hōʻike mai iā ia ma luna) makemake loa momona wahine. Chronicles no na mooolelo o ka poe makahiki ma i olelo ai i i o ka haiā wahine, i makemake oia. Kona kaumaha ua ma kahi o 150 kg. Mai keia mākou ke kuhi ana Turhan, nana i haawi mai i kana keiki i kona makuwahine, ua hookauiaʻe la i nui kaumaha. Paha ia mea ke kumu e kuai Kesemen.

Ka paio ma waena o nā Walid

Ua uaʻAʻole iʻikeʻia ka nui o na keiki i hanau i Ukrainian manaolana. Akā, ua ike i ka mea o ka mua o ka mea 'ē aʻe haiā wahine iā ia i ke keiki Mehmed. Ua hiki ma January 1642 Ua ike Mehmed hooilina i ka noho aliʻi. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Ibrahim I, ka mea i pepehiʻia i loko o ka coup, lilo 'o ia i ka hou Suletana. Eia naʻe, ma keia manawa ia ua wale 6 makahiki. Turhan, me kona makuwahine, e like me ke kānāwai,ʻo ia, e loaa i ka inoa o "Walid", a makemake i hooku ae la ia i ka luna o ke aupuni. Eia naʻe, huli mai na mea i ole i loko o kona lokomaikaʻi. Kona makuahonowaiwahine-ma-Kösem Suletana, au makemake e hāʻawi aku iā ia. Ua Ua loaʻa mea hiki ole ke hana i kekahi wahine. Ua o ke kolu o ka manawa i lilo ai i ka Valide Suletana. Kēia wahine i ka mea wale nō kekahi ma ka mōʻaukala i ka inoa ka wā boa moʻopuna kāne.

Akā, i ka mea o kona papa i haʻalele Turhan. I ka hale aliʻi no ka makahiki ekolu (1648 a hiki i 1651) flared scandals, me ka hana malu. Ma September 1651 ka Kesemen 62-makahiki-kahiko loaʻa i umi wale ia. Ua haawi ala i Turhan.

Pau Women ka sultanate

Nolaila, e like me ka hapanui moʻolelo lā i ka hoʻomaka o ka sultanate o na wahine, he 1574. Ua Ua laila Nurbanu Suletana i haawiia mai i ka inoa o Walid. Puka 'o ia mai ka ia wā o ka hoihoi ia iā mākou i loko o 1687, ma hope o ka ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o ke Suletana Suleyman II. He ua mua ia ma adulthood i ka lokomaikai kiekie mana, ma hope o 4 makahiki ma hope o kona make Turhan Suletana, lilo iho la ka hope influential Walid.

I ka wahine, make iho la i ka 1683, i ka makahiki o 55-56 makahiki. Ua kanu aku la, i koe i loko o ka hale kupapau i loko o ka Hale Pule Isalama, ia paʻa hapa. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole 1683, a me 1687 ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka oihana lā o ka pau ana o ka wā o ka Women o ka Sultanate. Ua Ua laila elemakule 45 makahiki, Mehmed IV i o Pahorana. Ua hiki mai i ka hopena o ke kipi, a i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka Koprulu, ke keiki a ka Luna Nui Vizier. Pela i pau ai ka sultanate o na wahine. Mehmed lilo i loko o ka hale paʻahao no ka 5 makahiki, a make iho la i ka 1693.

No ke aha la i mahuahua ua i ke kūlana o nā wāhine i loko o ka hoʻokele o ke aupuni?

Mawaena o na kumu nui i ua māhuahua ka kūlana o nā wāhine i loko o ke aupuni, he mea mau. Kekahi o ia mau mea - Lyubov Sultanov i ka nani ke keka. Kekahi - i ka hopena i loaʻa ma luna o kā lākou mau keiki i ka makuahine. Kekahi kumu - ka mea i na sultans i incapacitated ma ka manawa o ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi. Ua hiki e kaulana no hoi maalea, a scheming wahine a me ka ano o coincidence. Kekahi mea nui ololi - he mea ke Kiure vizier pinepine auou caiaiai. Ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ko lākou lawe i kona wahi i loko o ke kakahiaka nui 17th kenekulia, he awelika o ka pono ma luna o ka makahiki. Keia, o ka papa, ka pilina i ka chaotic a me ka pili aupuni disintegration o ke aupuni a pau.

Mai ka 18th kenekulia, hoomaka ae la na sultans e hele mai i ka noho aliʻi mua i loko o ka 'ano oʻo makahiki. Mother o na mea he nui o lakou i make mua kā lākou mau keiki i lilo i luna. Kekahi poe e ae no laila, kahiko i ka mea, he ole hou hiki i ke kaua no ka mana, a komo i loko o nui lehulehu nīnūnē. Mākou ke olelo ia ma ka waena o ka 18th kenekulia Walid i i pāʻani i ke kūlana kūikawā ma ka pā hale. Lakou i i komo i loko o ke aupuni.

Ka loiloi au sultanate o na wahine

Female Sultanate ma ka Ottoman aupuni a ua oaeuiinoe loa kekahi henua. Ka maikai anal o lakou no poʻe kauwā, a ua hiki ke ala hou ana i ka kūlana o ka noho Walid, Ua pinepine i makaukau i ka hōʻoia 'ana i ka hana kālai'āina mea. Ma kona koho ana o ka moho a me ka hookohu ia ano kulana, ua hilinaʻi aku lākouʻano nui ma luna o ka'ōlelo aʻo a hoa kamailio. Ka wae Ua pinepine i ka nānā 'ana i ka hiki mai o kekahi kanaka a me kā lākou aloha ma ka nohoaliʻiʻana a me kā lākou mau pono ethnically.

Ma ka kekahi lima, i ka wahine sultanate Ottoman aupuni a pau i ka maikaʻiʻaoʻao. Mahalo iā ia, ua hiki ke hoola i ka monarchical mea, ano o kēia moku'āina. Ua Ua nānā 'ana ma luna o ka mea e nā sultans a pau pono ia, mai ka iaʻana. Incompetence a me ka nawaliwali na luna (e like me hoʻomāinoino Suletana Murad IV o, kona kiʻi ua hāʻawiʻia ma luna, a me kekahi pupule Ibrahim I) offset i ke keiki a me ka mana o ko lakou poe makuwahine a me na wahine. Eia naʻe, i kekahi hiki ole lawe i loko o ka nui o ka mea i na hana a na wahine, laweia mai i loko o kēia wā ka pilina i ka stagnation o ke aupuni a pau. A hiki i ka nui loa keia pili i Turhan Suletana. Mehmed IV no, kana keiki, 11 September 1683 ua lilo i ke kaua o Vienna.

ma ka hopena

Ma kekahi mau mākou ke olelo aku ia i loko o mākou manawa,ʻaʻole nō he unambiguous a nui oluolu mōʻaukala auhau o ka hopena i ua i ma luna o ka ulu ana o ka wahine Sultanate aupuni a pau. Kekahi kānakaʻepekema i manaoio i ka papa o ka mea maikai ke keka ua pahu i ka aina, e luku. 'Ē aʻe manaʻo i ka mea, ua makemake loa kaʻilihune ma mua o ka aoao o ko ka aina o ka emi. Eia naʻe, i kekahi mea i maopopo: i ka wahine o ka Ottoman aupuni a ua nui koʻu emi hopena, a ua nui no hoi ia ia mai ka absolutism ma mua o lākou ke kālā no aliʻi ma Europe (no ka laʻana, Elizabeth I a me Ana II).