Ka uaki ma ka Kremlin ka Spassky Tower: ka Healani, a me nā kiʻi

World-kaulana uaki ma ka Spasskaya Tower o ka Russian Hui o ke kapikala ikea ka lōʻihi manawa kahiko, e like me koi ma ka moʻolelo, i ka 1404. Naʻe, ka mea, i ua hoʻokumu ai no ka manawa mua,ʻaʻole ma luna o ka Kremlin hale kiaʻi, a ua kokoke i ka Hale Pule Nui o ka Annunciation, pono i loko o ka pā hale aliʻi ma ka loa Vasily Dmitrievich. Ka inoa o ka haku nana i ia, no ka wa pau imprinted i loko o ka moʻolelo o kēlā mau makahiki: "He kumumanao o ka chasnik - Prince iho, i ka huahelu, i-Serb mōneka Lazaro."

Kremlin Clock moʻolelo

Ka hua'ōlelo "Chimes" mai Palaniʻano "ʻikena." A pau o ko mākou mai ka wā kamaliʻi kaulana Kremlin chimes, he kaua a mākou i hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka New Year, i ka mea mōʻaukala. Ka mea, i ka huahelu, halekiai, a, i ke aloha a hiki i ka lākou o ka pila hāpa e bele hoʻokuʻu akula i kekahi keʻoli he wahine a kaua. Kēia uaki hale kiai kala i ka Red Square, a mai ka hele alo puka, a ma na manawa a pau, koe hoʻokahuli aupuni, noʻonoʻo hemolele.

Wale i ka 1658 Spassky hale kiaʻi loaʻa kona inoa, ma mua ka mea i kapaia o Florovsky i kekahi o ka 20 hale kiaʻi o ka Kremlin, e like me kona kūkulu i ka 1491 o ka Italia artist a me kanaka kuhikuhi puʻuʻone Antonio Solari. E like me ka palapala Home Land, ka uaki ma ka Spasskaya Tower i ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka XVI kenekulia watchmaker haku i ka makahiki i loaa maikaʻi uku a me ke kapa eha iwilei o ka lole.

Ka uaki Ua maopopo hoʻolimalima i ka 1585. Ka mea i ka mea ola ma mua, a me ka Hōʻike kekahi hoike: eia kahi mea akaka ma ka puka ekolu o ka Kremlin halekiai hale a - Spassky (Florovsky), ka Trinity, a me ka Hana - i kakau ia ma ka hana o ka "pule." I ka hoʻomaka o ka XVII kenekulia ma luna o ka hale kiaʻi Kremlin (ke ole Nikolskaya) he mau halelewa, a me ka mahalo i keia umi-Spasskaya hale kiai lilo kau i kiekie o 60 mau mika. Watchmaker i ka 1614 lilo Nikifor Nikitin, oia ua kuleana ia no ka malama, a hana hou 'eleuʻano papa hana hola. Mākou iʻike i ke kaua i ka huahelu,, i hele mai i loko o piha naniʻole, ka mea, ua kūʻaiʻia a lilo i ka 1624 Spassky hoailona Yaroslavl kaumaha.

Manuelaʻano papa hana Gollueya

Ka uaki o ka Spasskaya Tower o ka Moscow Kremlin i ka manawa e noho ana i ka loa primitive, ma ka hou, i ae la lakou me ke kahaha nui mai o na ahi pinepine, a laila, ma Moscow, kāna i kiʻi i ke kaulana English watchmaker Manuela Gollueya. Kōkua iā ia Lūkini blacksmiths - Zhdanov, kana keiki, a me ka moʻopuna Alex Shumila. I ka 1626, uaki ma ka Spasskaya Tower puhi, a ua kukulu hou hou ia Galloway.

Russian artist Bazhenov Ogurtsov i ka 1636 i hana no ka ia pākū aliʻi, a lilo iho la ia i ka mea hoʻonani o nā mea a pau i ka kuhikuhipuʻuone Ensemble o ka Kremlin. Nā hola hana ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka Vologda kauwa - makua kāne, a ke keiki a Virachevy, a alakai i ke kaʻina Galloway. No ka "perechasya" caster Kirillom Samoylovym i kipaku 13 bele.

I ia manawa, i ka uku o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia haku ua 64 rubles no ka makahiki. Ua kuai lilo aku la Old uakiʻano papa hana no ka 48 rubles. Kēia i hōʻike mai i nā watchmakers ma Moscow nanea nui ka mahalo a me ka pomaikai, ua uku ia ka mea, he nui uku, o ka oi aku mahaloʻia e ka poe i hahai i ka hale kiaʻi uaki. No na hana, ka mea, ua hana oia i kekahi kūikawā hoakaka i loko i ka mea i kākau i loko o ka Spasskaya Tower ua hiki ole i ka inu, pāʻani pepa, e kuai aku i ka paka, ka waina a me ka pela ia. D.

Description hola

E like me ka wā o ka manawa, ka mea, ua he kupanaha kulanakauhale uaki i ka hao. Manawa i kona nani, a me ka mea ka mea, ua kaulana a pau ma luna o ka honua, a ua loheia ko lakou nei maikai, kani hou aku he 10 mile. Ka mea hōʻike degere i pena uliuli. I ka papa kuhikuhiE a kikowaena hapa o kona huahelu i koe wahi, oiai i kaʻaoʻao ma waho i loko o ka laula o 1 mika, ke ka ao. Ka uaki, ua Slavic palapala Hawaiʻi o ke kaupaonaʻana, he 3 hora, 400 kg.

Kremlin Clock i ana ao, a me ka po manawa i hōʻike Slavic nui a me ka palapala (keleawe ulaula kapa komo iā ia me ke gula), a me ka hoʻokani mele. Kahi pua ua lā lōʻihi mea nana i ulana pili ana i ka luna aʻe o ka nui hōʻike degere ka papa kuhikuhi. Ke pā hōkū Ua maheleia i 17 like loa, a ua ku pono i ka i kā mākou me longitude o ka lā i loko o ke kauwela. Ua uhi Mid pā hōkū me ka uliuli enamel, a ma luna o ka mea i hoʻopuehuʻia i ke kālā a me ke gula hoku, a me ka la a me ka mahina kiʻi. Hoike dekere (me ke anawaena o ka 5 m) ua mau. One ke alo ma ka Kremlin, ka mea'ē aʻe, hele akula i China Town.

Peter I

Ma ka pau ana o ka XVII kenekulia uaki ma ka Kremlin ka Spassky Tower i hookahi Manuela Gollueem lilo loa unusable, a laila, i ka 1704, mai Holland ma Sea, Peter I lawe hou. Ka mea, Ua lawe mai Arkhangelsk a hiki i ke kanakolu kaʻa, mai ka Waihona ma keia mea ua ua anao? Aou oi ma mua o 42.000 Efimkov (Western Europa kālā dala). Ka a pau aupuni i loko o keia manawa o ka hoʻololi i ka hookahi kela la i keia countdown. Ekolu makahiki ma hope, i ka nui uaki me ka 12-hora hōʻike degere Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka Spasskaya Tower. Ua i Ekim Garnov a me kekahi mau haumana, ka poe i like a ee iʻano papa hana no 20 lā.

chap haku

Eia naʻe, ma hope o kekahi manawa, a me kēia mau kiaʻi i dilapidated, a ma hope o ke ahi nui o ka 1737, a, aole ia, hina iho la i ka naniʻole. Eia naʻe, ma keia manawa i ke poʻo ua mua Petersburg, a no ka hoʻoponopono 'ana, he mau loa i loko o ka wikiwiki.

I ka pii i ka noho aliʻi Ana II, ua lilo hoihoi i loko o ka Kremlin chimes. Hope Pelelina watchmaker Fatts (chap) e puku i ka huahelu, chimes hou English, i loaʻa i loko o ka Palace o Facets. ʻEkolu makahiki i koe, ma lalo o kona alakaʻiʻana, e hoʻouka ka mea, Ivan Polyansky - Russian haku, i ka hana e e pau i ka 1770. Mai ka papa kuhikuhiE haku i hookuu mai kahi'ē, a laila ka mea e ma ka Kremlin kani mele O Du lieber Augustin ( «Oh Du lieber Augustin"). 'O kēia ka mea wale hihia i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka huahelu,, ka wā e hoʻokani haole mele.

Napoleon manawa

I ka wa kipaku mai Moscow, Napoleon ka poʻe hao wale, ma ka Kremlin ka Spassky Tower uaki akaaka malu i ka hoʻokolokolo pono hookolokolo, a me ka ike i kā lākou uakiʻano papa hana 'Aʻole e holopono ana. A laila, i ka haku Yakov Lebedev i loko o Feberuari, o ka malama o ka 1813 i kaumaha aku ai, e koho ia i kā lākou kālā. He Ua waihoia mai me ka hihia, akā, ma mua ka mea, i ke kakau inoa i ka mea, ua i hiki maopopo e hooki iʻano papa hana o ka hana. A me ka 2 makahiki ma hope o ka huahelu, i holo hou, a ua hookoia Lebedev i ka inoa o ka haku watchmaker Spassky hola.

Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, i i kekahi ho'āʻo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i kaʻano papa hana, me ka noho i ka holomua o na chimes, akā, e lanakila mai. A laila, no ka mea overhaul i hoolimalima ia e ka hui Butenop hoahanau. I ka makahiki 1850 i ka huahelu, i dismantledʻano papa hana bust, dilapidated wahi auou caiaiai. Ma keia manawa, i hoolei hou moe, kona ke kaupaonaʻana, he 25 tona. Ma ka hooko ana i keia hana a ka poʻe i loaa i ke kālā i loko o ka nui o ka 12 000 rubles. E like me ka hopena, ma March i pau 1852 nā hana a pau, a me ka mea mua manawa na chimes ma luna o ka hale kaua, hoomaka ae la e hoʻopaʻi Melodies "Preobrazhensky March" a me "Ili o ko kakou Haku."

I hōʻano hou hola hana no ka makahiki 25, a ma ka 1878 i 300 rubles, e hana hou ia i ka Haku W. Freimuth, ka mea i lilo i ka hana hou ae watchmaker Kremlin hale kiaʻi. Initially, ka mea, ua pono i chimes hoʻokani i ka hoʻoikaika o ke "E ola ka Tsar!" Akā, i ka Emperor Rotehama au e ae e hana ai, no ko ianei manao i ka hookani i kekahi mele, koe wale no ka Himeni. I ka 1913 Ua lawe mai i ka piha-unahiʻole, i hoihoi hou ia ana no ka lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka Romanov aliʻi. Company Butenop hoahanau hoomau, e malama aku ai i keʻano papa hana.

kipi

Hele mai i ka paakiki manawa o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, a ma ka 1917 i ke kaua i pono ku i loko o ka maka a me ka inoʻino wale i ke kaʻao uaki. I ke kauwela o 1918, ka wā Moscow lilo i ke poʻo hou, V. I. Lenin kauoha i ke aupuni e urgently ka hana hou i ka chimes.

Masters nana aku no ka lōʻihi manawa, kela mea keia mea ua makau iho la ia ke lawe i ka hana. Famous paha o ka wati lama (poe Bure, a Roginskii) noi no ka nunui puu, a ma ia manawa ua hikiʻole i ka līkaia no ka lānai hou ka mineta moku'āina. A laila, hana hou ia laila, i ka Kremlin mechanic N. I. Berens. He ike ana i ka luna 'ʻano papa hana, e like me kona makua kāne i kekahi manawa, hana no ka poʻe ma mua ana chimes. A kōkua iā ia i loko o keia hihia, ae like me ka artist M. Cheremnyh, kekahi i Ya, oia i ka puolo manual "Ua haule he luahi" a me ka "International" ma ke noi ana o ka alihi kaua o ka proletariat.

A laila, me ke kapa kumu hou pendulum ma kahi o kekahi, a me ka hapalua mika ma ka lōʻihi i hana, a kaupaona 32 kg. Ka hoihoi hou ia ana na hana i pau i loko o September 1918. A laila, na Muscovites no ka manawa mua i lohe ai i ke kui o ka uaki ma ka Spasskaya Tower. Kekahi manawa ma hope, i ka 1932, na chimes hou he pono ka hoʻoponopono. Masters hua mai la i ka hou helehelena (he mau kope o ka mea kahiko kekahi) a me ka hou-na papakaukau, Park, helu a me nā pua ma luna o ka mea, hele aku la ma kahi o 28 kilograms o ke gula.

Stalin

Ma ka olelo o Stalin ho'āʻo e hoʻomaʻa i ka huahelu, a hiki i ka hoʻoikaika i ka hou Soviet mele Aleksandrova kilo, akā, i ole no kuʻu kaumaha. I ka makahiki 1991, ua makemake hou e hana i kēia hana, akā, me ka mea i huli mai, i keia ua lawa no ekolu bele. I ka makahiki 1996, ma hope o 58 makahiki tischiny, Kremlin chimes keʻoli pâʻani 'o ia ma ka inauguration o Russian Peresidena B. N. Eltsina ( "Patriotic Song" a me ka "nani" M. I. Glinki).

Ka hope hoihoi hou ia ana i wahi i ka makahiki 1999, ka mea, he eono mahina. Pua na papakaukau, hou, e hoihoi mai i ka holoʻokoʻa nānā aku a me kahi o "Patriotic Song" uaki pono'ī pepehi i ka aina mele o ka Russian Hui.

Kremlin Clock: Hawaii photo a Ana

Nā hola Kahua noho kūikawā palaoa o ka Spassky Tower: mai ka 8th a hiki i ka 10th. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiEʻano papa hana o Nyos i loko o ka kūikawā lumi ma ka 9th papahele. Kona actuated ekolu paona ke kaumaha o ka mai ma kahi o 160 a hiki i 224 kg. Musicalʻano papa hana ninoieo o ka lākou o ka bele (a pau o ia i kau me ka nānā 'ana ma kekahi mau huahelu) a me ka ai-kapa lako polokalamu paukūʻolokaʻa kona anawaena hiki mau mika, e ke ka ao a he kanaka nunui kaumaha he 200 kilograms.

Paukūʻolokaʻa mākia actuated bele, kēlā he 500 kg. Bells hookaawale i ka umi o ka papahele. Ma ke ala, i kekahi o ia nei i ka mea i hana ai Klavdiy Fremi ma Part I loko o ke kauwela o 1628.

Hard e noonoo ai i na i ka nui o ka pau ana o ka mea, e mea wale nō ka mea hōʻike degere i ke anawaena o ka 6,12 m. He aha, alaila, o ka lōʻihi o ka minuke lima o ka uaki ma ka Spasskaya Tower? A me ka mea mau i nā Ana o ka hora? E ka manaʻo. Ma muli o ka nui, e hoike ana i ka waiwai o kekahi o kēia mau kumu e ole oi aku ka hapalua o ke anawaena o ka hora, i kekahi ke kuhi ana i ka nui pua, e e ka hola 3 mika. A liʻiliʻi, niioaaonoaaiii, e e heʻuʻuku emi. Ano, e huli mai i ka kūhelu ikepili. Penei, o ka minuke lima ma luna o ka uaki hale kiai Spassky ka lōʻihi o 3,27 m, hora i ka emi o 30 knm -. 2,97 m + wati hola palua i ka lā. Me ka ala ke kaupaona Hawaii, kēlā kumu ho onui ana ke kaupaonaʻana o ka hao ingots he mai i 200 kg, kā lākou kaumaha nui ae la ka i ka hooilo.

Ka mālamaʻana a me ka malama

Kela lā, i ka huahelu,ʻano papa hana ua malalo i kāohi examinations a koke i ka mahina - ma luna o nā lāliʻi. Ka uaki ma ka Spasskaya pono watchmaker ua hōʻoia ma ka chronometer, a ua hoi malalo o ko kuikawa manaʻo. Ka a pauʻano papa hana ua lubricated palua i ka hebedoma, a me ke kau a me ka hooilo hoʻohana lubricant.

Keʻano papa hana o ka Kremlin uaki ma ka Spasskaya Tower e hana pono, ua kokoke he hapalua kenekulia. Ma kaʻaoʻao hao, e kakau iho ia mau mea i ka huahelu, hoohuliiaʻi hoahanau Butenop ma Moscow i ka MH 1851. I ke awakea, a ma ke aumoe ka mea, pepehi hou ka Lūkini aupuni mele, a ma waena o - "nani".

ka hopena

He nui i hoihoi i loko o ka nīnau: "O ka hale kiai, i hou i ka mea e ola ai, i ka poe kiai?" Ma ka Moscow Kremlin akā, chimes, i hoonoho i ka huahelu, i loko o ka Luna Nui Kremlin Palace, ka Trinity, a Borovitskaya hale kiaʻi.

An Enduring chimes a nō ana mai i ka mōʻaukala o ka aina nui, ka mea, ua lilo ka nui hōʻailona o ka nui a me ka mana Russian.