Mannerheim Line. Ka Ua Hopu o ka Mannerheim Line

Ke kiʻi, a ua Kaʻahumanu kilo a me ka ikaika pono ana o na hanauna he nui o kanaka, o ka lākou o aiiay o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai Mannerheim. Pinilana pale laina ua aia ma luna o ka Karelian Isthmus. He He hailona o bunkers, a mae, a dotted me ko läkou 'o nā pūpū, lalani pohaku o ka pahu nā pilikia,' auwaha, a eli iho Anati-pahu auwai - a pau pono i ka malamaia, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ka mea, ua i oi aku mamua o 70 makahiki.

Nā kumu o ke kaua

Ke kumu no ka oihana koa e kue USSR a me Finland i ka pono, e hōʻoia i ka maluhia o ke kulanakauhale o Leningrad, e like me ka mea ua kokoke i ka Pinilana mokuna. Ma ka Ewa o ka Apana World War Pinilana alakaʻi ua makaukau, e hoomakaukau i kona mau mokuna me he springboard no ka poʻeʻenemi lehulehu o ka Soviet Union, aʻano nui - i Hitler ka Germany.

Ka mea i Leningrad i ka 1931, ua hoololiia a hiki i ke kūlana o ke kulanakauhale o na manaʻo nui, a me ka hapa o ka aina malalo i ka Leningrad City Council, ka mea, ua i ka ia manawa, a me ka mokuna me Finland. Ia mea ke kumu o ka Soviet alakaʻi, a hoʻomaka naʻe me ke aupuni, ka leo kono ia e kaʻana i ko lakou mau aina. Ke Council ka'āuna ka ?? eoi?,ʻelua hahauʻana aku ma mua o mākou loaa i ka hoʻi. Ka e hina ai i loko o ka hoʻoponopono hoao kuhikuhi e noi ana i ka USSR, e kau ma luna o ka Pinilana lepo o kona koa kumu. Akā, i ka aoao i ole ka manao, i alakai aku ai i ka hoʻomaka o ka Soviet-Pinilana, a me ka ai-kapaia Winter War. He mea ole no ia, Leningrad makemake i ua pio e Hitler ka poʻe hao wale nō i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka Great Patriotic Kaua i loko o ka makahiki o ka pono i kekahi mau lā.

prehistory

Ka manaʻo o "Mannerheim Line" pili ia i ka luna 'o Ewa, pakaua, a pâʻani' o ia i ke kūlana kumu nui i loko o ke kaua Soviet-Pinilana. Ua mau ae la ia i loko o ka wā mai o November 30, 1939 ma Maraki 13, 1940.

Once Finland loaa kuokoa, hoomaka ae la ia koke i ka manaʻo e pili ana i hooikaika e ana oia i ko lakou mokuna, a me ka i kakahiaka nui 1918, i ee aku i ka hana o ka laumeki uea ma ke kahua o ka wā e hiki mai Kiure koa pale kaua Mannerheim. Ka laina i hope i apono i ka 1920 a me ka ia muaʻikeʻia me "laina Enkel" i loko o ka hanohano o kona kūkulu alakaʻi i ka Major General O. L. Enkelya, ka mea i laila Aliʻi o General Staff. Ka mea haku polokalamu o na pakaua ua he Palani luna JJ manoanoa hoi Kaussi, hoouna aku la ia Finland, e kōkua i ka hoʻoikaika i na palena o keia aupuni. Akā, ae, i ka ua hoʻokumuʻia ka manawa i nā oihana, luna 'pakaua pinepine kapaʻia i loko o ka hanohano o ka "nui bosses", e like me ka Maginot Line a me Stalin. Nolaila, e pale aku ka hilahila, mau o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai i ua Kapa hou i ke a ua kapaʻia i loko o ka hanohano o ka luna o ka poʻe hao wale o ka Lepupalika o Finland Karla Gustava Mannerheim, he mua luna i loko o ka Lūkini kaua.

Paʻa i ka pale kaua Finland

Mannerheim Line - i ka laina o ka pale no ka 135 ei, a ua pau loa ia i kela kapa o ka holoʻokoʻa Karelian Isthmus - mai ke awawa o Finland, a Lake Ladoga. Mai West Koa Hoʻokaʻa 'hala he lalo, a he nawaliwali kekahi uhi ma ka puu wahi, e uhi ana i ka mau ala ma waena o nā aieou liilii, a me ka wahi lepo wai. Ma ka hikina, i ka nānā 'ana i ka laina ma Vuoksinskie wai'ōnaehana, i loko wale mea he nui keʻakeʻa nei. Ke'ī mai, ma ka manawa, mai 1920 a hiki i 1924 kūkulu i ka Finns i oi ma mua o ka haneri mau koa nā mea hoʻonoho.

Ma ka hopena o ka makahiki 1927, ua lilo i mea akaka iʻimi hoʻopunipuni nā pilikia Enckell i ka pono o nā hale a me nā mea kaua i emi iki mahope o ke Soviet pale aku ia lakou, no laila lākou kūkulu i kaulia ana. Ma na 30s hou laila, i ka hana o ka lōʻihi-makahiki? Iae. Ka mea, Ua kūkuluʻia i kona wahi, akā, ua lilo nui aku mana a me ka oi ole, e imi i ka mea.

I ke kakahiaka nui 30s a hiki i ke kia o ka lunahoomalu o ka State Pale Kaua Council hoonohoia Mannerheim. Ka laina i mai i kūkuluʻia ma lalo o kona hooponopono.

Paa - pillboxes

Ka mea nui wale pale lima loloa ana aka wahi, a oia no kekahi mau pōhaku puna bunkers (mau nō ke ahi helu), a me ka bunker (hapa-honua emplacements), mīkini pu lewa, bunkers a me rifle 'auwaha. E like me ka laina o ka pale paa i kau loa unevenly, a me ka mamao ma waena o ia mea a hiki i kekahi manawa, hiki 6-8 ei.

E like me ua ikeia, o ka oihana koa kūkuluʻia ana oi ma mua o ka makahiki, no laila, ma ka manawa o ka hana ana o bunkers e māheleʻia i loko o nā hanauna elua. Ka mua nō i ka pu emplacements, kūkuluʻia i loko o ka manawa mai ka 1920 a hiki i 1937, a me ka lua - ka 1938-39 wā. Bunkers pili ana i ka hanauna mua, - he hōʻemi iki hoʻoikaika, ke hoʻololi i ka pono pū wale nō 1-2. Ka mea, Ua i ponoʻole iai? Oaiaaiea, a i ole i hale kamala no na koa. Ka mānoanoa o ka pōhaku puna paia a me ka palena i ole mamua 2 m. Hope, ka hapanui o ia hōʻano hou.

Ka lua o ka hanauna ka loaʻa o ka ai-kapaia kekahi miliona, e like me kā lākou kāki i loaʻa ka Pinilana kanaka i loko o 1 miliona Pinilana kaha kēlā me kēia. A huina o 7 ka ikaika pu emplacements i Mannerheim Line. Pillboxes hoʻokahi miliona kanaka a pau i ka loa kēia i ka manawa o ka ikaika pōhaku puna hale, i hoʻolako pono me loopholes 4-6, 1-2 o i he pūkuniahi. Ka loa formidable, a me ka loa paa bunkers i manaoia Sj-4 "Poppius" a me ka Sj-5 "Millionaire".

All pillboxes Ua pono camouflaged me ka pōhaku a me ka hau, pela no ka mea, ua nui paʻakikī e huai ae, a me ka wawahi i ko lakou hale paʻahao aeee i Ua aneane hiki ole i.

kai a Kahinaliʻi ciia

Ma waho aʻeo i ka helu o ka lōʻihi-makahiki a me ke kahua pakaua iʻike a me kekahi mau meaʻimi hoʻopunipuni wai cii. A pau o ka ulia outbreak o hostilities Hāʻule maila lākou iā lākou loa hoʻopau, akā, kekahi mau makua, i kukulu ia hoi. Ka mea, i i ka lāʻau a me ka aina o ka muliwai Tyueppelyanyoki (a ianoiyuaa a Alexandrovka) a me Rokkalanyoki (e Gorokhovka). Ka makua o ka pōhaku puna e ku ana ma ka muliwai Peronyoki (p. Perovka), e like me ka pono me heʻuʻuku Plotinka ma Mayayoki a makua, ma Sayyanyoki (e ka Apana. Wolf).

antitank nā pale kaʻa

Mai ka makaukau me ka Soviet poʻina nalu ua lawa, e iho begs ka ninau a pehea e hakakā ia. Laumeki uea, mua hoʻouka kekahi ma luna o ka Karelian Isthmus, hiki ole ke noʻonoʻo i ka maikai keʻakeʻa nei no ka mea e kahiko ai kaa, no laila, ka mea i hoʻoholo, e kua i lalo i ka lāʻauʻoiʻoi o ka māpala, a eli antitank auwai hohonu o ka 1 m, a me ka laula o 2,5 m. Naʻe, e like me ka mea huli mai i loko o ka papa o hostilities, pohaku deragona mau niho, ua ineffective. Lākou mau koa pono'ī a kī mai ka mea kaua pū. Ma hope o hai bombardment māpala luku, kūpono ma ka laula, ala i hana.

No ka deragona niho Pinilana nā kānakaʻenehana hoʻouka kekahi ma 10 lālani o Anati-nā limahana a me Anati-pahu mines, i kanalua.

hana ino mai

Winter War hiki ke maheleia i mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka mua mau ae la ia, mai November 30, 1939 ma Pepeluali 10, 1940 Sturm Mannerheim Line i ka loa a me ka paʻakikī koko no ka Red Army i ia manawa.

Huli mai ia ia i ka mana o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, hoʻowahāwahā i kona hewa, Ua kokoke insurmountable keʻakeʻa nei i Soviet koa. Ma waho aʻeo i ka inaina ia'ku o ka Pinilana kaua, he nunui pilikia he ka ikaika loa kanaha-ka papahelu aiʻaihueʻia, a lilo iho la ia, e like me ka hapanui moʻolelo, i ke kumu nui no ka ole o ka Soviets mea wili.

February 11 hoʻomaka i ka lua o ka pae o ka hooilo kai eʻe - nui kūpono 'ana o ka Red Army. Ma keia manawa, a hiki i ka Karelian Isthmus i strapped i kā mākou nui o koa lako a pan a me ka Manpower. A mau lā ua mea kaua e hoomakaukau ai, pūpū hoʻoua iho ma luna o ke kulana o ka Finns, nāna i kaua aku ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o Mannerheim. Line a me ka a pau puni iʻelemakule bombed. Together me ka'āina o ke kūkulu'ākau-komohana alo i loko o ka kaua komo moku o ka Baltic'auwaʻa kaua, a me ka lānai hou i hana Ladoga Flotilla.

Ua Hopu

lā Ekolu mau ae hanaʻino mai i ka laina mua o ka pale, a ma ka lā 17 o ka poʻe hao wale o ka 7th Army hope wawahi ma ia, a ua hoʻoikaika ka Finns e loa haʻalele lākou mua laina, a neʻe i ka lua, a me ka wa Pepeluali 21-28, a lilo ia. Ua Hopu o ka Mannerheim Line alakai Ilamuku SK Timoshenko, ka poe i lawe i na kauoha o I. V. Stalina North-Western Front. Ano, 7th a 13th Army me ke kākoʻo mai o ka Hawaiian huahelu o ka Baltic'auwaʻa luina Ho'āʻo he ami kūpono 'i loko o ka loloa o ke awawa o Vyborg a hiki i ka Vuoksi moanawai. No ka mea, i ka hae o kaʻenemi, me ka Pinilana lākou poʻe kaua haalele i ko lakou wahi.

E like me ka hopena, i ka lua o ka Hopu o ka Mannerheim Line i pau ma ka mea e, hoʻowahāwahā i ka,ʻAʻole eʻole ia'ku o ka Finns, 13 March, ke Army Red hele i Vyborg. I ua i ka hopena o ke kaua Soviet-Pinilana.

Hopena o ke kaua

E like me ka hopena o ka Winter War, ka Soviet Union ua loaʻa kona makemake a pau:. Aupuni loa pio ka Lake Ladoga, e like me ka mea i loaa hooponopono o ka Pinilana ?? eoi? I 40 tausani sq M. ei.

Ano, he nui ka poe noi, a ina paha he nele i kēia kaua? Ināʻaʻole no ka lanakila ma ka Pinilana kai eʻe, Leningrad e lilo i ka mea mua i loko o ka papa inoa o nā kūlanakauhale loli ana e ke kūpono 'ana o Nazi Germany.

Kauai o na wahi o ka kaua

I ka lā, ka hapanui o na hale lukuia, akā, manaʻo huhū keia, paʻa nō hele i ka wahi o nā kaua o ka Winter War, a me ka uku hoopanee i loko o ka mea, ua i pio. Malamaia paʻa nō o ka nui mōʻaukala hoihoi - a me nā koa 'enekinia, hale, a me ka wahi no na toughest o nā kaua keia hapa-poina kaua.

Aia mau mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu-oaio? A mea e ulu kūikawā nā papahana ma luna o nā kēia kahua, ma ka Mannerheim Line. Ka huakaʻi ana ka loaʻa o ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ke kuʻina o kona kūkuluʻia, e like me ka pono me ma luna o ka holomua o na kaua.

E kiʻi i kekahi wahi manaʻo nei ke a 'ike i ke ola a me ka Pinilana Soviet puali o, hoonohonoho oo? Field aina awakea. Ua hiki ke paʻi kiʻi pū i kekahi e ku ei ka backdrop o grandiose? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia me ka oihana mua o ka ipu, e ike, a hoopaa i loko o nā lima o nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o nā mea kaua.

Ma ka moʻolelo o kekahi oihana o onei, ua koe nui makapō wahi lilelile, i hunaia hanana a me nā kūʻiʻo. Ka mea, ua i koe, a me ka kaua o ka Soviet Union a me Finland 1939-40. Ua kau aku ma luna o nā poʻohiwi o ka ordeal nāʻaoʻaoʻelua. I wale 105 lā, ka wā i kaua, ua make ma kahi o 150 tausani, Man, ma kahi o 20 tausani. Missing. Eia nō i ka hopena o ka a me ka hapalua-poina, e like me kekahi mau moʻolelo, ka "hoʻokali kūpono '" kaua. E like me ke kia hoʻomanaʻo no ka hāʻule koa i waiho ma luna o ke kahua kaua e kekahi i loko o kona laulā Mannerheim Line. Photos o ia mau manawa a me na pohaku ma ka nuipa a halekupapau nō hoʻomaopopo iā mākou i ka heroism o Soviet a me ka Pinilana koa.