Fridrih Rattsel, a me kona papa kuhikuhiE manao

I ka pau ana o ka 19th kenekulia, Fridrih Rattsel Kīwala'ō i ka Leeuwerikplein loa i loko o Germany. Mua o nā mea a pau,ʻo ia i komo i loko o nā sciences maoli, a ua lilo ia i ka 'epekema o ka Honua i ka loulou ma waena o lākou, a me ke ao ana o ke kanaka. He loaa i kona doctorate ma zoology, geology, a me nā'anatomia, a lilo iho la ia i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā anthropogeography.

Rattsel Fridrih: Kawaihae

Hânau 'ia i ka makahiki 1844,, Ratzel Ua aoia o ia ma kekahi mau Kelemānia kulanui. I ka 1872 kipa ia Italy, a me ka Amerika Huipuia, a me Mexico i ka 1874-75, niioaaonoaaiii. Aʻu i hele ai i HawaiianʻEulopa, a hana ma nā kulanui o Munich a me Leipzig. Ma kekahi Contemporary o Darwin Ua nui 'ole ma o ka pähola' ana o evolution. Ratzel e pili këia mau manaÿo i kanaka lehulehu. Mua ona, i ka hookumu ana o ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana Tilly i kau aku i ka Alexander av Humboldt, a me ka 'āina' - Carl Ritter. Paschel a Richthofen ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia ke kumu o nā loina no ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana study o nā hiʻona o ko mākou Honua.

Fridrih Rattsel mua hoohalikeia na lifestyles o nāʻohana a me nā lāhui kanaka likeʻole, a pela ia i ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua hoʻonohonohoʻana noiʻi i loko o ka mahinaʻai o ke kaiapili-oicyenoaaiiie hana kemika. He ua he kilo hoihoi i loko o ka ohana, e heihei ana, a me nā lāhui kanaka, a ma hope o ke kula hoʻokolokolo 'ana i dala i ka makahiki "anthropogeography", hōʻike no ka mea, e like me ka papa kuhikuhi o ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka Honua. Ratzel i? Ac? Ritter ko Tilly, ka mahele ana i ka mea i loko o anthropological a me ka pili kalai aupuni.

Fame loaa i kona aloha pähola ' o ka moku'āina (a ola pokole lebensraum), ma i, ua hoʻokūkū aʻela ia i ka evolution o ka meaola ola.

patriot Germany

Ratzel, he haumāna o ka holoholona ano noiʻi pono, ua he staunch patriot. I ka hoʻomaka o ka Franco-Prussian Kaua o ka 1870, oia hui i ka poʻe kaua o ka Prussian koa, a ua ku oia i palua i ke kaua. Ma hope o Kelemānia unification i ka 1871, oia hoolilo ia ia iho i këia i ka I Aloha Hawaii o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia e noho ana ma kahi e aku. E hana i kēia,ʻo ia kipa Hungary a me Transylvania. He hele aku ma luna o kona kii ana, a ma ka makahiki 1872 ma hope o holo i ka Alpino kipa Italy,,.

Jobs ma Amerika

I ka makahiki 1874-75 Fridrih Rattsel huakaʻi hele i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia a me Mexico, pela hoʻonui i ka laulā o ko lākou noiʻi. Ma ka US,ʻo ia aʻo 'aoʻao hoʻokele waiwai, a me ka pili nohona e kaianoho koholā o ka lāhui' ōiwi a me nāʻohana, oi loa aku hoi i ke ola o Indians. Eia hou kekahi, unuhi ae la oia i ko lakou noonoo ana i ka Naʻau, a me ka Pākē e noho ana i loko o ke kikowaena hapa o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, i ka Midwest a me Kaleponi. Ma muli o kona noiʻi, oia ho'āʻo e formulate kekahi mau manaÿo e pili ana i ka Leeuwerikplein regularities, kena ae la ia e hui 'ma waena o nāʻano pākīkē hoʻonui a me ka emi pūʻulu o kanaka.

Fridrih Rattsel: anthropogeography

I ka 1875, ma hope o ka hoʻopau haʻawina i loko o ka US a me Mexico, hoi aku la i Hawaii, a ma ka 1876, ua hoonohoia Kumu ma ke Kulanui o Leipzig. I ka 1878 a me ka 1880, ua paʻiʻia nā puke ma North America, e pili ana i kona kino a me ka moʻomeheu hana kemika.

Ka puke, ma a ka German haumāna iho la ia mea ma ka honua, i pau ma waena o 1872 a me 1899 makahiki. Fridrih Rattsel walaʻauʻana manaʻo unuhi ae la oia mai ka Ikepili o ka aoao o ka likeʻole physical ano o ka'āina, a me ka ala kanaka ola. Ka mua ka leo o ka "anthropogeography" mea he ao o ka pilina ma waena o ke kanaka a me ka honua, a me ka lua - i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o kona hopena ma luna o ke kaiapuni. Ratzel ka hana i ka nānā 'ana i ka manaʻo i kanaka hana ua nānā' ia e kona āina a puni. Ma keia pepa i ka mea kākau hoʻokolokolo ai i ke kanaka Tilly i ka olelo o ke kanaka a me kēia lāhui kanaka Hawaiʻi. E like me ia, i ka ke kaiāulu kanaka, hiki ole ke koe kau i loko o ka lewa. A laila,ʻo ia hoopuehuiaʻi kekahi determinism o kona kumumanaʻo, i ka i ana i na kanaka komo i loko o ka holoholona hihiu o ke ano, a me ke kaiapuni mea he hoalawepu,ʻaʻole kekahi kauwa o ke kanaka hope.

Ratzel Darwin pili i ka manaʻo o ke kanaka lehulehu. Kēia analogy paipai i nā pūʻulu o kanaka i ke aumeume no ke ola i loko o kekahi mau hana kūpono e like me mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Kēia hoʻokokoke mai ua ike ia "nohona Darwinism." Ratzel ua i ka walaʻauʻana akeakamai o "ola i ke kai o ka fittest" i loko o ka āina a puni.

propaganda o militarism

I ka 1890, ua 'Imi koi i ke kāʻili' ana i o Kelemānia huakaʻi i ke kai panalāʻau, a kūkulu kona moku hiki ke hana nui Pelekāne. Kona mau manaʻo kāheaʻia māhele mea hoʻomaoe o ka Darwinian paio no ka manawa. I kulike ai me ke "Kanawai" o ka ia kenekoa ulu pono iaʻike, ka moku'āina E e hoomaka, a "kiekie ano o ka noho maikai ana e e hoʻonui i ka uku o ka lalo." Mau kānāwai, ua supposedly maoli, haawi mai i ka hala koke unification o Hawaii, i waena o-State ka hakakā ma Europe (General Schlieffen i? Ac? Mua i ka manao e hele io lākou lā Farani) a me ke ala o nā aupuni a pau (Africa i puunaueia ma ka Pelelina hālāwai kūkā i ka 1884-85 makahiki). Looks Ratzel wahi a ka kenekoa kuleana o ke aupuni. Ma hope o kona make ana, a me ka First World War Kelemānia geopolitics ola ae la ia anthropogeography manaʻo, e māʻona kā lākou mau iʻini ma waho, a, me ia i kaʻilihune, i hoohewaia kana mau hana ma Pelekāne a me ka 'Amelikaʻepekema.

Ke kuleana i noho mai la,

I ka 1897, Fridrih Rattsel kākau ihola "pili aupuni kemika", ma ka mea āna i hoohalikeia ka moku'āina a me ke kino. ʻepekema hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana i ia mea, e like kekahi ano meaola pono ka ulu a me ka make, a hiki loa e ku malie oukou. Fridriha Rattselya pähola 'o "ola mai la," Ua ua loaʻa hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka oi a me ka emi o kēia lāhui kanaka, e hoole ana i ka lahui ulu lāhui kanaka i ka pono, e hoʻonui kona ?? eoi? ( "Ola la,") ma ka lilo o ka emi e hoʻomōhala ana i mau hoalauna. He ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i kona manao, i ka i ana i ka palena manawa o ka moku'āina o kona palena ma ka lilo ana o ka nāwaliwali o ka manaʻo o kona pā mana. Ke kiekie o ka lāhui kanaka o ka rula ana mahope o kona lāhui kanaka, hana i kekahi maoli hemahema. Penei, Fridrih Rattsel, nona geopolitics lanakila ma Kelemania, ma ke kanakolu, i ka pilina i ka outbreak o ka Apana World War.

Kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o? Acaeoey o ke kuikahi

Ana i ka aoao o ka āina a puni, ma luna o kanaka, German anthropogeography ua kūkākūkāʻia ua kanaka ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua holo ma kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Kēlā mauʻanuʻu i:

• iʻiʻo holoholona hihiu, a ka lawaia;
• ka lepo moʻomeheu;
• mahi;
• hui mahi i loko i ka mahiai a me ka holoholona mahinaai i hui;
• lama paʻipaʻi holoholona mahinaai;
• kekahi mea kanu.

He, nae, i mai la ia mea,ʻaʻole e pono i nā mea a pau nā kaiapili kekahi, ma ka ia kuʻina o oicyenoaaiiie.

Ke kuikahi ma ka 'ano

I ia mau lā, aia no he weliweli mahuahua ma ka ike a me ka 'ike; ʻikepili i hiki ai i ka nui na mea mai kekahi mau kihi mai o ka honua. Kēlā me kēia māhele ua wehewehe aku iho āina a puni, i naʻano likeʻole o ke? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ke ola styles. Ratzel ho'āʻo e kūkulu i kekahi "kumu ke kuikahi ma ka 'ano".

A German nä känaka 'epekema i ike i ka hanau ana o ke kūkāʻana o ka dichotomy ma waena o ke kino a me ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai hana kemika. Haumana e like me Dzhordzh Dzherald, manaoio aku la ia i keia 'epekema epa a me ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o ka honua me ka a pau me ka olua i ke kanaka. Lakou i manaoio aku i ka hiki wale i ka kiko'ī kanawai e kau ina ā ke kanaka mai ia, no konaʻano mea'āina unpredictable. Ratzel Ua kau aku i ka'ano'ē wahi o ka hoomaopopo, e hai i ka physical Tilly o ka wahi o ka 'epekema, ma i ke kanaka mea nui i hehee ai. He kau aku i ka loina o ke kuʻikahi, i ka 'ano, i ka i ana ia ia ma keʻano o? Aneie olelo kekahi kanaka i mau fits, no laila, e hoʻomaopopo loa ana i ka Leeuwerikplein wahī o ka Honua mea pono e synthesize i kekahiʻano o ka maoli a me ka moʻomeheuʻike manaʻo.

Hōʻuluʻulu i, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka hana o Ratzel hanau mai la lakou, o ka oi aku noʻonoʻo i ke dala ka mea paha 'imi naʻauao hoopaapaa ma na aoao a elua o ka' Akelanika. Outlook o ke nä känaka 'epekema ma kona aʻo a me ka noiʻi hiki e Kīwala'ō no ka makahiki.