Keleawe ka mea e hoohehee. Ana nou i loko o ka moʻolelo o ke kanaka

Kekahi o ka metala mua, a i aʻo ai i hana ke kanaka i keleawe, a me ka Roma Cuprum (cu). No kona kūlana ma ke kūpono 'ana o ke kanaka noho maikai ana mea wale ole e exaggerate: i ka pau ana nou i loko o ka mōʻaukala i kapaʻia ka "keleawe Age" (keleawe - he oka a pau o ka piuta, a keleawe). Loaa i kēia maikai a me ka malleable metala (keleawe waihoʻoluʻu - a pink gula) aʻo i BC. Nā hua'ōlelo "bornite", "chalcopyrite", "chalcocite", "covelline", "enargite", "cuprite" kani e like me ka inoa o ka mea hana, akā, ma ka mea o ka ai kapaʻia kekahi o ke keleawe-kona hanau ana i eliia. Ke kumu o keia metala i ke keleawe ka mea e hoohehee.

Ma ke ano maoli, Cuprum e ia i loko o ka palapala o nuggets a me ke ano o ka hui. Aia i kekahi mauʻano o ke keleawe i eliia, i haku mele 'hiki ke maheleia i sulfide, oxidized a me ka hui. Nō kāu keleawe ka mea e hoohehee mea eiiieaen, ka mea, he nui no hoi na kumu mua, a hui - sulfides o ke kēpau, kiniki, nikala a me nā kumu mua. Eia hou kekahi, i loko o kona haku mele 'ana, loaʻa nō kumumea oihana mua - selenium, tellurium, cadmium, indium, a me ka mea e like. Ma ka lilo ana i mau mea hiki ke hooheheeia i ole e emi malalo o 50% o Cuprum, loko mai o ka pōhaku.

Ka loa mau hoʻohana sulfide i eliia ec cu hui me ka luaipele. Hekikai no ke keleawe? Iecaianoaaiiuo ninoieo o kekahi mau okoa kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo mea he pyrometallurgical.

Nō kāu keleawe ka mea e hoohehee he He nīnūnē nui o Cuprum, no laila, Ole mua malalo i ka enrichment. No keia mea ka mea, ua pulverized, i hui pūʻia me ka wai, a me kekahi mau hana waiwai, a laila, waiho ihola i loko o ka flotation mīkini. Aia mea a pau i hui, sulphide (particles) e ala ana i ka ili me ka hua, a lawe pio aku ai, a me ka neoneo kikiʻo i ka lalo.

I kekahi kahua o ka aaioee, i lawe keleawe mea e hoohehee ai, i kapaʻia "smelting e matte." A hiki i ke kiaʻana i kāna i hou i ka läÿau, o ke one a me ka wela, a hiki i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia mahele heheʻe i ka mahana. Me ka waiū luaipele ua oxidized i ka sulfur'okesaside, a ua ohi i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia i hoʻoheheʻeʻia ma ka lalo o ka lua ahi. Kēia mahele heheʻe i ka ua nininiʻia i loko o ka mīkini hoʻololi a me ka puhi me ka lewa. E like me ka hopena, e like me ka hopena o ka'okesaside o ka luaipele i loaa mai ai mea hao keleawe, a ua nininiʻia i loko o ka hopena he. Ma ka anuanu maila kēia mau ingots (ma i ka maʻiʻo o cu o 98%) ua hookuu sulfur dioxide i. Ua Ua ohi ia, a laila, hoʻohana i ka feedstock no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o sulfuricʻakika.

E loaa i ka makemake metala maemae maka keleawe pono e koiia mai e hoohehee maemae au ia. Ua mea o ÿelua - ke ahi, a me electrodeposition. Hoohehee maemae au ia hiki no hoi ia i ka maikai i eliiaʻi i kakauiaʻi ma ke kūpono blister keleawe.

Ke ahi hoohehee maemae au ia ua lawe mai i loko o kūikawā umu, electrolysis ua lawe mai i loko o bato hoalaala ia kēpau a vinyl ea.

No ke ahi hoohehee maemae au i ke kūpono billet ua kauoha i loko o ka umu ahi, a hehee. A laila, hoʻomaka ua pohā ke ea ma ke kinowai metala. Ma ka'okesaside o na impurities hele i loko o ka slag, a me ka kekahi mea sublimated, a ua wehe 'ia mai ke kapuahi kinoea. Oxidized no hoi Cuprum. All maikai i eliiaʻi noho i loko o ka mahele heheʻe i ka. Ke ola oxidized keleawe ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ke kalapona kumu i nei iluna kinoea läÿau, paromazutnaya a me ka 'ole. D. Oia ka hana ua kapaia ae hookaawale ke keleawe. Pela cu Ua loaʻa hou kalapona laau. A laila, i ka ingot ninini paha kūikawā anode papa no electrolytic hoohehee maemae au ia.

By electrolysis mea hoomaemae io ia i loko o ka hihia ma ke keleawe o ia e hoʻohana 'ia ma ka pou hana, a me ka wā e loaʻa he nui nui o ka maikai i eliiaʻi (ke kala, i ke gula, platinum).

Ma ka electrolysis auau piha me ka electrolyte, ka mea, ua waiho ia ma ka maemae keleawe like me ka anode, a me ka cathode like maemae cu, a me kaʻikena ua hala ma ka bata. E like me ka hopena, i ka cathode ua waihoia ma ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia maʻemaʻe (ka pololei - mai i 99,95%).