Haku mele Apollon Maikov: Kawaihae,ʻike hoʻokumu

Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich - ke kaulana Lūkini haku mele. He noho ma ka 19th kenekulia (1821-1897). Ka noʻeau'āina hoʻoili o keia haku mele nei o ka hoihoi i loko o ko mākou manawa e olelo o kona kanalua tālena.

Me Kinohi A. N. Maykova

Ua E e olelo mai ole wale ia Apollon Maykov i ka haawina mai ka Luna o kona 'ohana. Makamua ohana o ka haku mele ua waiwai me ka loea kanaka. Ma ka 15th kenekulia noho i kaulana Lūkini theologian Nil Sorsky, a ma ka noho alii ana o Ana hana haku mele Vasily Maikov.

Ka makua kāne o mākou meʻe ua he academician o ka pena. Other lālā o kona 'ohana pū no i ka ka pilina. Makuahine - i ka unuhi a me ka haku mele, Valerian kaikaina - ka mea kākau moʻolelo a me ka palapala, ai 'manaʻo kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me Leonid, kekahi kaikaina Apollo - hoʻopuka a me ka mea kākau moʻolelo palapala, ai'.

Wā kamaliʻi a me teenage makahiki, ka puke mua o poem

Noho 'ana kamaliʻi Apollo Nikolaevich hoolilo ia ma luna o ka waiwai, a pili i kona makua kāne. Ua Ua kahi kokoke i ka Trinity-Seregio Lavra. Maikova ohana i ka 1834 hoʻoneʻe i St. Petersburg. Apollo me he keiki manawa nā moʻokalaleo a me ka pena. Eia naʻe, pōkole-sightedness ia ia, mai ka hahai ana i loko o nā kapuwaʻi o kona makua kāne. Ma ka ho okolohua mua Ana Aina, Maikova hōʻike ke keiki Gogol. Alaila, lilo ae la au ma ka hoihoi poetry Apollon Maikov. Kona Kawaihae o kēia wā ua no hoi ia e aʻo ma St. Petersburg University,'āuna kumu no kanawai. Ma hope o ka puka, Apollon Nikolaevich paʻi i ka puke mua o kona mau poem. Ua nui hanana i wahi i ka 1842.

Huakaʻi ma kahi e, hou poem

I ka hookahi makahiki, Apollon Maykov hele wale aku no. Here ia i noho ai ma kahi o elua makahiki. Mike Hoolohe i loko o Paris haʻi'ōlelo ma kaulanaʻepekema. Oiai ma Roma, la oia i wahi i ka carousing Lūkini Artists, kakau iho la poetry, i sketches, hele aku la i ka luna o ka lio e holo ana ma luna o ka Roma Valley. Ka hopena i loaa mai i ka poetic kalapona o nā manaʻo Maikova "Sketches o Roma," (paʻiʻia i ka 1847). Ia manawa, e noho ana ma Italy, i loko o ka haku mele o ka hana o ka mua scrapped. Apollon Maykov wawahi i me ka anthological poetry, a hoomaka ae la e imi i ka ai-kapaia poetry, manao a me ka manaʻo. Maikova oki e hoihoi kahiko. He manao e huli i ka makana. E like me ka hopena, he mau kiʻi o nā kānaka o Roma (Lorenzo, "Capuchin", "la ia kanaka ilihune").

Ohana

A hoʻi hou i kona'āina, hoomaka ae la ka haku mele, e hana i loko o ka Rumyantsev Museum ma ka oihana o ka Hope hale waihona puke. Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o na 1840s ma ka olelo o kona kamailio ana me Nekrasov, Grigorovich, Turgenev, Belinsky. Apollon Maykov ua hoano e ana i ka aoao o ke kula maoli. No ia mea, nui ka paʻiʻia ma "Notes o ka Fatherland". Ka "Petersburg Collection" Nekrasov paʻi i kona poem "Masha" i ka 1846. A iki mamua aku nei nō ka mea i hana i kekahi poem, "Two o ka hoʻopaʻi,", a i kāna moʻolelo o ka "hana wale" kanaka.

Palapala me Petrashevists a hoʻoponopono "Moskvityanin"

Apollo Nikolaevich i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ua ideologically pili Westernism. He komo 'ole i loko o ka neʻeʻana Petrashevists ma kona kaikaina Valerian. Soon, nae, ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hana ino i ko lakou mau noʻonoʻo loi o ke aupuni. Mike ike utopianism Petrashevists ma ka noi, "i ka hailona o selfishness," "he wahi lihi iki o ka nonsense" a "he wahi aloha."

Ua i loko o ka hoʻoponopono ulia Apollo Nikolaevich i ka hoʻoponopono "Moskvityanin". Here loaʻa koke ole wale komo, akā, i kākoʻo i ko lakou mau manao. Mike hōʻole i nā loina o ka noho ana o Western Eulopa. I ka manaʻo hele ma kona loa ohi o "1854", a pololei lewa i ka worldview Maikov ana. Kekahi kea-ana theme like o ka puke i ka Mokuna nuʻukia o ka Lūkini moku'āina, i wahi ke alanui a hiki i ka komohana mau poʻe a pau o Batu, a hiki ole i ka poho o Europa noho maikai ana ( "Claremont Hale Pule Nui" a me kekahi poe e ae.). A laila, Mike lilo i staunch monarchist. He manaoio aku i ka nui o Rotehama I.

ʻike hoʻokumu 1850

E like me ka mea hana i loko o nā haku mele oiaio,ʻike hoʻokumu Maikova 1850 nui lehulehu ideological kumu. He Ua hana na hana ma ka nohona theme like (idyll "hepa" moʻo "maʻamau o na manao"), poem idelogizirovannogo a me ka ano kālai'āina. I ka Ia manawa Mike i kākau poetry i hana mau ia na kumu mua anthological a me aesthetic o kona poetry o ke kakahiaka nui wā. Ua mea e pili ana i kēia mau pōʻaiapuni, like "Kamea" a me "Fantasia." I ka pauʻana o ka makahiki 1850. Aia malaila kekahi mau pōʻaiapuni o "House," "Ma ka hihiu", "Rain", "Hao", "haymaking". Ma kēia mau hana a pau, ua hiki nō haha aku i ka mea kahiko harmonic Maikova nānaina ma ano. Ano, nae, e hoike mai ai ia ia iho i loko o ka Lūkini kauhale panorama sketches.

"Akuma ka"

I ka 1856, ua hana i kekahi o ka loa kaulana poem Apollon Maikov. "Akuma ka" - e like me ia i kapa ia. Haku mele, mai na makahiki i kakahiaka nui ua leʻaleʻa o ka huli holoholona, akā, ka mea, ua pinepine loaʻa iaʻu ka manao e nui hou leʻaleʻa ka mea, e hoʻopakele i ka mau e hele i loko o ka ulu lāʻau me ka ilio a me ka pū. He nui koʻu aloha wāwae raking lau, e hoʻolohe mai i ka crackle o twigs ... naʻe, ulu lāʻau ma ka Akuma ka nele o ka mea pohihihi a me ka enigma like "svyanul hope pua", "derailed ka hope Nut." A me keia ke ao nei, oia ke hanau i ka haku mele mua IKE OLE IA manaʻo ...

meaola huakaʻi

Italian theme like reappeared i loko o nā hana o N. Apollo i ka 1859. Ua ukuia a hiki i ka nui, e hoike ana ia ia, a me nā kānakaʻimi noiʻi i kaʻoihana moku huakaʻi, e hoʻopaʻi ana naʻe i ka Greek mokupuni o ka pae'āina. Ka moku e holo ana i, i i kiʻi i Helene. He ua e noho ana ma Napela. Nolaila, kahi o kekahi kalapona like Hapai Maikov Apollon Nikolaevich, au loaʻa elua. "Neapolitan album aku" Ua hanaia e Italian nā manaʻo. He Heʻano o ka puke i ke kumu holoholomoku, ka theme like o ka a - ke ola ana o na kanaka o Napela. E like me ka hopena o këia i ka mōʻaukala a me ka moʻomeheu o ka Helene, he "Hoikehonua, Greek Song" ( "ale wale iho i holo," "Lullaby" a me kekahi poe e ae.).

Kekahi o kona mau loa kaulana poem mea "Lullaby ...". Apollon Maykov i hana keia hana i ka 1860. More o 20 i ka haku mele i loko o kona manawa i kākau mele ia ia. Iwaena o lakou Chesnokov, A. Arensky, V. Rebikov, P. Tchaikovsky.

Ka hope makahiki o kona ola

I na makahiki hope 25 o kona ola Maikova hoihoi i loko o ka mau loa ninau o ke ola. He i manao e pili ana i ka hooulu ana o ka noho maikai ana. An nui wahi ma ka manao Maikova i keia manawa e noho, a me ka hopena o ko mākou'āina, kona hala a me ka makana, kona kūlana ma ka mōʻaukala. I ka 1880, Apollo Nikolaevich kekahi i hana mai i ka helu o ka poem, wehewehe aku ma ka hohonu religiosity a me ka manaʻo e haipule hoohaahaa - he kiʻiona hiʻona o ka Lūkini kanaka (! "Ka po mau loa e hiki mai ...." "haʻalele, haʻalele ..", etc.).

ma ka hopena

Merezhkovsky i loko o kona puke "mau loa Hoa" kakau iho Mike Apollo - haku mele, nona ka aoao o ke ola ua malamalama a me ka laumania. iʻAʻole hoomaau ana, aole hoi i poe enemi, aole hoi kuko, aole hoi i ka paio i loko o laila. Aia he poem, puke, ka hele ana, 'ohana ka olioli, me ka nani. Ua, kona Kawaihae ua malopoetichna: make ihola ia ma luna o ka'āwai, a he Reuʻela,ʻo ia, i ole e alualu ana, ka mea, ua i ua ehaeha loa kuko. Apollo Maikov na mea a pau mawaho hele maloko. Kona maoli Kawaihae, oiaio naue like i kona wahi i hele mai i ka Roma, a me ka Helene i ka Lūkini ike maopopo, i ka mōʻaukala o nā kānaka, i ka Baibala poetry a me na mea hoopaapaa loa o ke ola.