He aha mea he "drone"? Description a me ka hana ana o ka hou UAV Rusia

O ka naau "He aha ka ke drone?", Many aneane e hana aku ai i ka pane. i mau manao maalea i ike i drones, a i lohe nui palahalaha ae wale nei. Akā nō waiwai e noonoo ia i loko o au mamuli.

He aha ka ke drone?

Inā i keʻano hana i kokoke manawa hiki no e hana hou ai e puku i ka loa o kona mākaukau a me ka nui hana kūikawā kanaka waiwai trudnovospolnimy. I mea no ke aha la manaʻo kanaka mea no laila, hu mai ko lakou hana höʻike ana, i ka hopena o ka i loko o ka wā e hiki mai hiki e kanaka hana nui ka puali. Lakou i mea hoike o na robots, kekahi o i i ka brainchild o kūikawā multifunctional hoʻoluku. No laila, he aha ka mea i ka drone? Nō kāuʻike like unmanned mokulele ua remotely lāʻau, akā, he mea he nui naauao o ka makahiki. Drones mai i pono lele, akā, kā lākou e like me ka hiʻona o ka pulakaumaka ma luna o ka manaʻo o kekahi mau hana kanaka kōkua me ka ole me kona ka palena haʻahaʻa 'uao. 'Aʻole surprisingly, ka UAV ua initially wale hoʻohana' ia ma ke koa.

I ka moolelo o ka muli a me ka ulu ana

I ka mea kākau o ka manaʻo o remotely e hoʻokele mea lilo,ʻaʻole surprisingly, Nikola Tesla. I ka 1899, i hoike mai ia kūkulu e hana i ka moku. Kona manaʻo hoomau i ka 1910, he keiki 'Amelika, Charles Kettering, hoihoi e hoʻomōhala i ka mokulele i makemake lawe mai i ka hana a me ke kōkua o ka neʻeʻana. Eia naʻe, ua hiki ke olelo aku ia ia, i pii ole.

Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka mea mua UAV? Ac? I loko o ka UK no koa manao i ka makahiki 1933. No ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia kēia hoihoi biplane, nae, o ka mea i ekolu mea wale nō hoʻokahi ana pau mahuka ana. I ka wā e hiki mai, ka mīkini i nā holomua, ua hou aoao no ka hooponopono a me ka hooponopono ana. Research a me ka hooulu ana aayoaeuiinoe hoomau iho la oia i ka Mahele o ke Kaua Honua, a ma hope o ia. More a emiʻana hualoaʻa hiki ke kapa i ke ano o ka "v1" kaulana, a "v2". Similar Aey? Acaeoey i wahi i loko o ka USSR.

Ma waho aʻeo ia hoʻokahi wale nō koa i manao ai, UAVs i kekahi, ua hoʻohana i ka wā e hiki mai lńkou koa. Akā, me nā lima lāhui , aole ia e ku malie oukou, a ua hoomau i ka nui mana, e kūkulu i ka mea i hiki iā i ka enemi. Ma kekahi mau wahi, ua lilo oia i ka USSR i kekahi luna i loko o hua'ōlelo o? Iecaianoaaiiuo o UAVs. Akā, laila,ʻoʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia huki mua, no ka mea, i ke kaua me Vietnam losing kona mokulele, uaʻoi aku nui - drones i hele mai i ka hoʻopakeleʻana.

I loko nō o kona mua koa "ke ano maoli", i loaʻa a me kona sīwila manao i ka UAV. I kona hou nona iho, ka mea, loaa ae nei i pōkole a me ka maʻamau o ka inoa - drones, a lilo iho la ia e oi he ākea ma mua o ka hua h ÷ ailona. Ma ke ala, ka mea, ua pono e pili ana i kā lākou mau hana, no ka mea, ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia i ka drone - "Bumblebee" a me ka verb "buzz". Requalification kekahi i kekahi hou impetus i kā lākou kūpono 'ana, no ka mea, ka mea sīwila Radio drones i ka hailona no nā manawa kūpono. Akā, no ka mea, mākaʻikaʻi nele kona mau ano, no laila, i ka robots nō,ʻaʻole ma ka wahi. No laila, ka mea pono, i ka ninau o mea ka drone haʻalele. He aha mau mea?

ano

E like me ka rula, drones lauwili ma ka nui a me nā 'ano o ke ana. Aia nō 4 waeʻano e like me ke ana mua:

1. Anakahi iki. Manao maalea o keia pae kaupaona mai i ka 10 kilograms. Ka mea, e hiki no ke ana mahuka no ka hora ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 1 kilomika o.
2. Mini. 10-50 kg, kiekie i kaupalena '- 3-5 kilomika, lōʻihi like' ole o ka holo - mai i kekahi mau hola. Māmā manao maalea ma keia waeʻano hiki i pili i ka kivila, laila, - aole.
3. Ka. Ka nuipa a i ka 1 tona, holo Duration - 10-12 hola, i kā mākou kiʻekiʻe - 9-10 kilomika.
4. Kaumaha. A hiki i ka lā ma ka lele ma ka kiʻekiʻena o 20 kilomika.

hiki e hookoaia ma na i Kekahi Mau 'o kā lākou hana e like penei:

• unguided;
• akomi;
• loihi-lāʻau.

Typical lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe

Maʻamau UAV manao hoʻolako i ka ukali hoʻokele pa alima, e like me ka gyroscope a me ka accelerometer. Eia hou, o ka mea ua paa ia ia i ka programmable Module. No ka kākau algorithms hanaiaʻi ka hoʻohana kiʻekiʻe-pae 'ōlelo: C, C ++, Modula-2, Oberon SA a Ada95.

Inā, nae, e pono no hoi hoola, a hoouna aku i kekahi 'ike i ka Aʻole, ke' ole ka loaʻa o ka hoomanao ana Module , a me ka lēkio leo. Kekahi 'ē aʻe lako a ua pākuʻi, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hana. I kekahi lāʻau 'drones mea i loaʻa i ka e kauoha pa alima a me ka lēkio leo o ka telemetry aeaiiuo.

hookohu

Na manao no ka i hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia e ka lele drone, he nui' ia paha. Kaawale mai ka ua oleloia koa, ka mea i komo i loko o Honolulu For the, e malu ai ka mālamaʻana. Na hana, i loko o kā lākou arsenal o ka manaʻo, he nui helu o: .. ka Mahiai, koʻa, ulu ka hoomaluia mai, kŰia ha, ikehu, geology, e kukulu, me Media, etc. Ua, haku polokalamu e huli no ka aoao pehea e hoolako me ke kōkua o unmanned haawi ana i kekahi mau waiwai, e hookupaa nui ae i ike loea kamaʻilio me ka loihi wahi, a pela emi wahie koina, a hoomalu iho i ke kaiapuni. Ma pōkole, ka pilikia ma ke Hookah nani nui me ke koi no kekahi o na mana mua ma laila, a ma muli o ia manaʻo kōkua nae. Pela ka Loaʻaʻia mea nui.

For the

Mākou E olelo aku i ka hou Hobby i ua kaua kipi ma muli o ia i ka laulā kūkākūkā o ka UAV. Ua mea e pili ana i ka lawe kiʻi o ka pana pua, a ua hoʻohana i ka hoʻokō ua incredibly paʻakikī. Lele drone me ka'āhihi pahupaʻiwikiō e leie aku oe, e lawe i ka nana i ka ninau hoi na mea makau, mai ka loa okoa wahi o Hawaii, a ike ia i loko o ka hou alanui. A me ka loa holomua koʻokoʻo mau komo i loko o kūikawā hoopapa ma lalo o ka aegis o ka influential Magazine, no kekahi laʻana, National Geografic.

multicopter

Aia He He waeʻano o ka mokulele, i mea pinepine manaoia kaawale no ka oko ao i loko o ka 'ole. I ka mea, drone quadrocopter ole ai okoa mai ka maʻamau UAVs,ʻo ia wale nō ka mea, he nui ka helu o ka hoʻohewa nenoai - ma keia hihia eha. He kēia 'ole i ka loa hanohano i waena o sīwila drones. Eia naʻe, he nui e hopohopo nei i ka maluhia o ko lākou mau de, mahope mai o ka ulia hookuuia ana o ka pu ki aloha mai ke kiekie mai o 0.5-1 kilomika o, a hiki 'ano Lightweight lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe hiki i poino i kanaka, no laila ka mea, ua pono ole wale i ka hele kūikawā papa ma ka UAV mana, akā, no hoi, e hooko me ka kūikawā lula.

Mea examples UAVs

Mawaena o na manao maalea me ka mea pono keia mau mea hiki noi, aia no he wahi toys a me ka lealea. No laila, he mau makahiki aku nei, he nui Hookah hoʻolauna i ke Koʻolauloa drone drone, e hana like me ka ike loea poʻe hiamoe uaki. Once hele mai la ka manawa o ka hoala mai la, holo aku la a lele aku, mai ka poe kaua, a me ka huli ia aku 'oe hiki wale hopu ia, a nui complicates ka hana hoʻi i ka hiamoe. No laila, e like me ka mea hiki ole wale e pono keia mau mea, aka, i ke awa o, e kakali ana i mea moemoeā lawa.

One Hōlani artist, no kekahi laʻana, i hele mai me ka manao, e uku hoʻomana i kona popoki, ka mea i make ma lalo o ka huila o ke kaʻa, e ka mua quadrocopter. I ka holoholona i hānau i ke ola ana o ka inoa i loko o ka hanohano o kekahi o ka Wright hoahānau, a ma hope o ka make ana o kona scarecrow nā kui nao i pipili, a ua hōʻike mai iā ia i ka lehulehu i ka pau 'ole i ka exhibition o kēia no oe i ka 2012. Naoh i ua hui pūʻia, akā, i ka publicity ka hanana ua loaʻa ākea. A ina keia drone quadrocopter ka popoki - paha i ka mea maikaʻi manao, he mea mau i ka manawa e hele mai ai me kekahi mea o lākou iho.

loaʻa nui

Kapu ma ke kuai ana o sīwila Ke Ana Hoʻohālike mai ole nei, eia nae o ka hakakā drone kuai, o ka papa,ʻaʻole no ka oluolu i ka lanakila, no laila, ka poe i makemake e lawe kiʻi a me nā wikiō mai ka kiekie poe, me ka ninau manu, e makaala i ka kālepa kulana, a hoʻohana kekahi mana'ē aʻe o kēia mau mea, e hana ia ka uku ole ia. Kekahi enthusiasts makemake e hana i ko lakou mau lima, o ka oi aku ina oe i ka ike kūpono. E kükulu i kekahi lele drone me ka pahupaʻiwikiō -ʻaʻole ia he pilikia hana no ka poe paahana, ma ka lōʻihi ina ia mea mau i loaʻa, maikai, kumukūʻai e loa kemokalaka ho - ka awelika he mea puni $ 300. Aia i ho'ēmi Eia kekahi laʻana i literally pono i loko o ka lima kanaka hiki.

mau hoa paio

I loko nō o ka mea i ka mea waeʻano "UAV / drone" Ua lilo he ākea nei, ka mea, ua loaa i ka puu o ke kanaka, ka poe moho no ka palena a hiki i ka pāpā o kēia mau manaʻo. Ka mea hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ko lakou kulana i ka UAV, waikahe i ke kūlanakauhale, e kāinoa ole wale keu halulu, akā, i hiki paka kiʻi a me nā wikiō ma na puka makani o ka hale, pela ka lele kaua pilikino. Ia ia nei hoa paio e hoike ana i'ōhumu maiʻano nui i loko o ka US, akā, nui kamailio e pili ana i nā kānāwai hooponopono ana i na hana o ka drones ua i mākaʻi. Eia naʻe, koi hana lako hou - kekahi Manufacturers mea, ua kuai i na mea maalea e ho oholo ai ka loaʻa nui o ka mokulele i loko o ka kekahi kahahńnai. Ka mīkiniʻimi mea ua ike okoa ia mai nā manu o ka ano o ka neʻe a kī ana i kekahi kūikawā kani, pono, pehea e hana me ka uninvited "hookipaiaʻe e",ʻo ia nō ia i ka haku ia ia iho.

Manufacturers

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka waeʻano o "hakakā drone", ke ao nei alakaʻi i loko o keia kahua, i lana ai, e ia i kaʻIseraʻela. He, o ka papa, o ka la ia mea hoʻolilo, kiʻekiʻe, e like me kekahi mau koho, ma kahi o 40% o ka lahui kuai. 'āina me ka kaʻana like 'ana i ka nui o ka oihana koa hanalima luna, e like me ka US a me Rusia, manao me kaʻIseraʻela oihana aelike no ka hui' ana o na manao ona.

Kekahi nui pôpeku ma ke kuai o Iran. E like me ka poe akamai, i ka hala koke kūpono 'ana o kūloko Manufacturers i hoakaka hiki hoi ke paʻi me kaʻIseraʻela huahana. A lawa ka helu o nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike no kela hana, a me ka hoʻolaha i ka Argentine kaua.

ulu ka manaʻolana 'ia

Hakakā drones wā e hiki mai nei,ʻaʻole i loko o kanalua - i loko o kekahi hihia ka mea, e e hoʻohana. Like no ka sīwila manaʻo, ka manaʻolana 'ia nei ka' oi 'ike. E like me ke akea i loaʻa ike i houluuluia e ka eu kulanui, i ka 2020, consumer koi no UAVs e e haawi ma ka hana like penei: e hele mai 45%, mai moku'āina keʻena ma lalo nei, 25% - he fireman, 13% - mahiʻai a me ka eanie?, 10% i ikehu, 6% - i ka hōʻike ka honua ka luna, a me ka mea i koe 1% - palapala a me ka hoʻoleleʻana.

Eia naʻe, e na mea he nui i manao ai? Anoa manaʻo e pili ana i pehea drones hiki ke hoonohonoho haawi. It E e lawa i ka hoʻoponopono i ka nui helu o nā pilikia: ka pilikia me ka lawa nona iho a me na pu ki aloha ke ola mai ai i ke kahe ana o environmentally aloha hoʻolilo. Akā, me ka mau, keia wahi o nā lopako Ua oi ma mua i olelo mua iaʻi.

ma Rusia

I Rusia, i ka ulu ana o ka mea kahiko Soviet manawa ua kupono no kekahi kumu paha i ua nalowale kekahi, no laila, i ka mea o ka hana i, e aʻo mai kūikawā. I ka 2009, ua hookoia i ka aelike me ka poʻeʻIseraʻela no ke kuai ana o ka UAV, akā, ka mea i hope hoʻoholo e hoʻomōhala i ko lakou mau drones Rusia. No keia mea i ke Kuhina o Pale Kaua i anao? Aou 5 ieeeea? Rubles, akā, me ka waiwai kūʻai i i lele aku i ka makemake hopena - ka mea wale, aole i ku i ka polokalamu hoao.

I ka makahiki 2010, "Transas" poe eo ka palupalu no ka R & D o UAVs, o ka oi aku, mai ka manawa iholaʻo ia i ka hoao ana o ia mau Aey? Acaeoey kāinoa mua. Hou hanana e pili pū ana i ka pomaikai o ka? Acaeoey - a hiki i ka kekahi loa ikepili koʻikoʻi 'ike. I ka 2012, ia la ia mea e pili ana i ka holomua pau 'ana o ka hoao ana kükohu i kapaia "Orlan-10". Ma hope o komo i loko o kekahi mau kino i ka hāpana loaa kiʻekiʻe lākiō i a me ka maikai hōʻike manaʻo i ke koa, akā, i kēia mea ua wale manao no ka pokole-huahelu, no laila, i ka ulu ana ua mālama 'ia i loko o kekahi mau kuhikuhi i Lūkini drones hiki i kiʻi i ka kŰia kauoha a ana hoʻopale ai i ka mokuna e ku e Loaʻaʻia olelo hooweliweli.

I ka 2014 ua loaa ia ia e ikea meakino-huahelu UAV, e like me prototypes takeoff paona o ka 10 i ka 20 tona. No hoi, i hoike mai i ke anaina e reconnaissance luna ' "imi haahaa i", i loaa i ka helu o nā manaʻo, akā, nui ike like loa i olelo mua iaʻi. Ua Ua hōʻike pū ma luna o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie ÷, "Outpost" i loko o kekahi o na hana o ka Russian Hui me Kāʻeokūlani, me ka ka Iseraela.

I loko nō o nā pilikia a pau, ke hana i kekahi ikehu maikaʻi, akā, Eia naʻe, i ka Lūkini drones i olelo lealea, e komo i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ma kahi o "lua o ka makani" i loko o ka palapala o ka huli ana i kaʻoihana kahuna, ai sīwila. Major Manufacturers o machines no ka mau heluna, a he mea ole hoi ka maka.