He aha nō i nā hiʻona o Socialist industrialization i loko o ka Soviet Union

Ke ninau nei, He aha nō i nā hiʻona o Socialist industrialization i loko o ka Soviet Union, mea paha i kekahi o ka loa a me ka hoopaapaa controversial i loko o ka'āina o ka mōʻaukala o ka 20th kenekulia. Ka pilikia o nā kumukūʻai e piʻi like nō malama noiʻi, a me ka study o ana i nā hualoaʻa i like me ke aupuni mau mea kuka, a me ko kakou manawa koe pili.

Ano o ka makahiki

Ka Ikepili o ka mea na hiʻona o Socialist industrialization i loko o mākou aupuni ua pololei ua hoʻopili me ka naʻauao o ka kaiapili-kālai'āina, waiwai a me ka nohona kulana home 'ole i ka pili manawa. Ma ka 1920s,ʻo ia ma luna o ka NEP, i komo ai i ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o ka-market, noa kalepa, a pilikino Initiative a me ka entrepreneurship. Ua ua He aupuni ana, e hoʻopau i ka hopena o ke kaua, a me ka wā o ke Kaua Communism.

elue

Naʻe, i ka wa e noonoo pono i ka ninau o ka poe na ano o Socialist industrialization, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i i initially noʻonoʻo i ka Bolsheviks ka hou pololei me he pokole ana. He aha ke ano o ka mea i mua i loko o ka makahiki 1925, i ka mea ma ka waena o ka oicyenoaaiiie hou ana ma luna o ka market kumu, i lawe i ka olelo hooholo ma ka aoao Ahaolelo Lahui e hookupaa i ke aupuni o ka ikaika hanalima kumu. Ke Aupuni i manao e hoʻopau i ka backlog o ka moku'āina, mai ke kino capitalist Western Europa, aina, a me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia.

manao kuka

I ka mea manawa, ua hana kēia hui kūkāʻana e pili ana i ka holo mālie a me ka hana o ka? Acaeoey o kaumaha hana. Mau papahana i, ua kau aku imua, kela mea keia mea o ka i leie aku mākou e maopopo i ka poe na ano o Socialist industrialization i loko o ka aʻeʻumi makahiki. Proponents o ka hele mua me ka nānā 'ana i ka manaʻo i loli e lawe wahi kiʻekiʻe, ma luna o ke kumu o ka he pilikia i loko o ka waiwai kaiaulu, e lawe i loko no o ka hana a me ka pōhaku puna ka hoao ana (Bukharin, Kondratiev).

Others, nae, ua kūkākūkāʻia e ka mea, ua pono, e hoʻomaka lākou kuanaʻike, e lawe i no i ka maoli ana, a hiki wā e hiki mai mall loli i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai (Strumilin Trotsky). Ka hope AOAIAaOO a laila ai ia e mea eʻoi aʻe, a ua pili i ka paio loko-aoao, ka wā kākoʻo o ka papahana mua pilikia. He aha nō i nā hiʻona o Socialist industrialization, pokole kamaʻilio nui ma lalo nei. Industrialization hiki ke wehewehe aku i ke kulekele o ke koi modernization, a ua pili loa aku i ka-yeiiiie? I wale, like me nā kālai'āina.

Five-Year Plan

I ka 1929 oia i aponoia, a apono ia ma ka mua o ka papa hana. Hōʻike o ka mea ana i manao hanalima no? Ieoaeunoaa ua i hōʻeleu i a me ka 'O ke kaulike no laila, i ole e loko i ka hookupaa nenoaiu. Eia naʻe, i loko o nä hana kilokilo, i kēia papahana huli mai e e nui hou loa a me ka, pili i ka ae i ke aupuni e akoakoa ai i ka helu o ka pilikia ana. Ua ma luna o ke kumu o ka mua elima-makahiki au hiki ke ike i ka aha i ka hiʻona o ka Socialist industrialization o ka USSR: ka hōʻeleu i holo mālie o ka hoʻoikaika 'ana o ka lā palena pau, hoolilo o ka haawina mai ka aina, a me ka heluna kanaka ma ka hana kaumaha. Eia hou, i ka aoao akoakoaia ia ia he ana, e like me ka hoʻoikaika loan o ka heluna kanaka, oa kekahi manawa a palua ka makahiki he kanaka e haawi aku i ka moku'āina lākou malama uku. Eia hou, ua hoala mai ai i ka moku'āina lakou i ke kala o ua hanaʻia ka waiwai a me ka mahiʻai huahana kuu iho.

kahua o ka heluna kanaka

Ke ninau ua, He aha nō i nā hiʻona o Socialist industrialization, ke pane ia i pono eʻimi i loko o ka n ieaie? Rula o ka Party o ka hoʻokele waiwai, mea loa nui no ka naauao o ke kahua ma ka aina ma ka Ewa o ka outbreak o ke kaua me Germany. Hae o ke ola i ole ai kiʻekiʻe, akā, i pūliki pono i ka aina ma ka patriotic ohohia a me ka ohohia, a pâʻani 'o ia i ke kūlana kumu nui i loko o ka hana. Nui ka unahiʻole, i loaa "Stakhanov ana". He nui ka poe e hana imua o ka haʻalele 'ana, a me ke aupuni' Imi kākoʻo i loko o kanaka i ka makemake no kokololio modernization.

ulu nā makakoho

Ka pilikia o ka mea na hiʻona o Socialist industrialization (papaʻaina i loko o ka 'atikala, hōʻike i ke kiʻiona hiʻona), aie i ka mea i ke aupuni i hoonoho i keʻano huikau hana ma ka pono o kaʻumi makahiki, e hopu mai me ka hooulu ana o ka holomua'āina. No keia hopena, kākauʻana i kauʻia ma luna o ka ulu ana o na hana e like me mīkini hale, metallurgy, no? Ieoaeunoaa. Aia ua no hoi kekahi kumu pili ma ka hanaia'na o ka moku'āina a me ka like aina waiwai, a ultimately alakai ai i ka hoʻopau o ka waiwai kaiaulu i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni. Naʻe, i ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka industrialization i loaʻa: i loko o ka kŘpa a pōkole kōā o ka manawa, ka Soviet Union i hele mai i loko o ka lua wahi ma ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a lilo i aupuni kūʻokoʻa hoʻokele waiwai.