Uprising decembrists (pokole). Mōʻaukala o Rusia. Hopena o ka Decembrists uprising

E hiki anei ia oe e hai mai iā mākou e pili ana i ke kipi ana o ka Decembrists pokole? Coup ua hoʻopuniʻia ai he nui hanana, a ua wehewehe aku ma ka ai he nui nuances mea āna i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā a pau puke. Ka mea, ua ka mea mua i hoʻonohonoho 'keakea e kue serfdom i loko o Rusia, kena ae la he nui ka pioloke ma ke kaiāulu, a ua ka nui ole i ka politika, a nohona ola ana o ke au i hahai i ka noho alii ana o Emperor Rotehama I. A naʻe, i kēia' atikala e ho'āʻo e hoolaa i ka uprising Decembrists pokole.

kekahi mau 'ike

December 14, 1825 ma ka kapikala o ka Russian aupuni a pau - St. Petersburg - ua he coup ho'āʻo. Ke uprising i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka pae o ka me-hoonaaukiekie oe kaukaualiʻi, ka hapanui o ka mea, he mau luna o na kiai. Ke AIM o ka poe kipi ua ka abolition o serfdom a me ka abolition o autocracy. It E e kaulana ia i loko o kona AIM uprising ua me ka nui loa okoa mai a pau'ē aʻe conspiracies au mai o ka hale alii coups.

ke ola Union

Ka War o 1812, ua ma luna o nā mea a pau, ao ke ano kanaka mau ola he nui hopena o. Aia he manaolana no ka hiki loli,ʻano nui - ke abolition o serfdom. Akā, e hoʻopau serfdom, ka mea, ua pono e kali i nā Kumukanawai monarchical mana. Mōʻaukala o Rusia o kēia wā i koho ma ka hoʻokumu o ka nuipa a ma luna o ka ideological 'aelike ka noho' ana e kiai aku ia luna, ka ai-kapaia Free. Mai ka elua o kēia mau Free i hana i loko o ka hoʻomaka o ka 1816 Union o ke ola. Kona mea nāna i hana i Muravev Aleksandr, i ka malu mau lala ka i Muravev Nikita, Trubetskoy Sergey, Iakushkin Ivan, hope hui e Pestel Paulo. Nā Pahuhopu o ka Union, he ka liberation o ko na kauwa, a me ka mihi o ka moku'āina hooponopono. Pestel i ka 1817, palapala iho la i kaʻo Samuel o ka hoʻolālā, i ka hapanui o ka i komo i loko o Masonic keʻena liʻiliʻi, no ka mea, o ka aoao o na Freemasons loli rituals ma maʻamau o ke ola o ka Union. Hoa pāonioni ma waena o nā lālā o ke kaiāulu ma ka manawa kūpono o ka pepehi kanaka o ke alii iloko o ka coup poe i ke kumu i loko o ka Akuma ka o 1817, ka Union i mea hoʻoheheʻe.

mea e pono ai Union

I ka hoʻomaka o ka 1818 Union o lāua nohoʻana i hoʻonohonoho ma Moscow - he hou hui pu malu. Ua oia o ka elua haneri kanaka, e pili ana e pili ana i ka manao e hana i kekahi e holumua ai lehulehu manao, e hana i ka lokomaikai hoi o ka neʻeʻana. E hana i kēia, ia? Oaony e hoonohonoho loio i lokomaikai aku, ka palapala, ai, a me ka hoonaauao hui. Mea, ua hookumuia oi ma mua o ke kakini Ally aha hookolokolo ma ke aupuni, a me loko o St. Petersburg, Kishinev, Tulchin, Smolensk a me na kulanakauhale e ae. I hanaʻia e like me "ʻaoʻao" ahalunakanawai, no kekahi laʻana, papa Nikity Vsevolzhskogo, "Green malamalama". Union lālā i ua 'Imi limahana ma lehulehu ke ola, ho'āʻo ana e noho kiʻekiʻe kulana ma o ka poe koa, a me ke aupuni ma lalo nei. I ka haku mele 'ana o ke kuikahi mau hoʻololi: mua i komo hoʻomaka i ka' ohana, a holo aku la mai pili oihana e pili ana, ka mea i UAIAaIN e hou poʻe. Ma Ianuali 1821, no ka mea, i na la ekolu ma Moscow ua hana hoʻokipa o ka Ahaolelo o ka Union o ka pomaikai ma muli o ka hoa pāonioni ma kākoʻo o lōpū a me ka'ano'ē paialewa. Ahaolelo Lahui hana alakai e Mikhail Fonvizin Nikolai Turgenev. Ua Ua loaʻa i scammers ninau e pili ana i ke ola ana o ke Aupuni Union, a me ka mea i hoʻoholo i ka formally hoike mai ia. Kēia i mea e hiki ai i ka pakele ana o na kanaka i hele mai i ke kaiāulu ma ka ulia.

reorganization

I ka noho male 'ana o ka Union o lāua nohoʻana i no i koe i loko o ka reorganization. Aia i hou ke kaiāulu kanaka: ka North (i loko o St. Petersburg) a me ka aoao hema (i loko o Ukraine). A nui kūlana ma ka Northern Society hoʻokani Trubetskoy Sergey, Muravev Nikita, hope - Ryleev Kondraty, he haku mele kaulana, e kaua ana Republicans rallied a puni ona. Head o ka hoʻolālā ua Pestel, Paulo, i kaʻeleu loa luna malama Naryshkin Mihail, Gorstkin Ivan, me Mokukaua luna a me Chizhov Nikolay Bodisko hoahanau, Mikhail a me Boris. The Hawaiian Society komo Krjukovoj hoahanau (Rotehama a me Alexandra) a me nā hoahānau Bobrischevy-Pushkin Paulo a me Nikolay Cherkasov Alexey, Avramov Ivan, Liharev Vladimir Kireev Ivan.

Kāʻei kua hanana o December 1825

Kēia makahiki i ka uprising o ka Decembrists. Nā poʻe kipi hoʻoholo e lawe i ka pilikia loio i hiki ai ia i hoʻomohala a puni o ka akau a hiki i ka noho aliʻi ma hope o ka make ana o Alexander I. Ma i kekahi hoʻolaha palapala, e like me a Constantine Pavlovich, ke kaikaina o ke keikiʻole Alexander I, mahope ma hope ona ma ka seniority, hoole i ka noho aliʻi. Penei, ka kekahi hoahanau, Nikolai Pavlovich,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i waena o ka oihana koa-bureaucratic waiwai, nui unpopular, i ka lanakila. I ka mea ia manawa, i weheʻia i mua o ka malu palapala, ma Rotehama hoʻolalelaleʻia haalele i ka lokomaikaʻi o Constantine mai ka akau a hiki i ka noho aliʻi ma lalo o ka hae o M. Miloradovich luna-nui o St. Petersburg.

Ka loli o ka mana

November 27, 1825 History o Rusia, hoomaka ae la kekahi hou a o - formally he hou Auguseto, Constantine. A me kona kiʻi, a hiki i kekahi mau malihini ka mineta. Eia naʻe, Constantine kauoha aku ho'āʻo noho aliʻi, akā, i ole e hoole aku ia ia. Ua hana i ka loa a me ka Makamae kekahi henua kūlana interregnum. E like me ka hopena, ua hoʻoholo e hai mai ia ia iho Emperor Rotehama. He Ua kohoia hoohiki ma December 14. Hope mai o ka loli o ke aupuni - ka manawa i i ua e kali ana no ka lala o ka malu nā kaiapili. Ua Ua hooholoia e hoʻomaka i ke kipi ana o ka Decembrists.

December 14 uprising i ka hopena o ka mea e like me ka hopena o ka po loa o ka halawai ana i ka po o ka 13 i ka 14, ka Senate aka ua ae na loio i ka pono a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o Rotehama. Decembrists Hoʻoholo ihola e pale aku i ka Aha Senate a me ka pūʻali kaua, e lawe mai i ka hou, ke alii o ka hoʻohikiʻana. Kali hou aku; he mea hiki ole, o ka nui no laila, no ka mea, o ka lawelawe ia e moe ana ma ka papa no ka nui helu o denunciations, a hopu ke hoʻomaka koke.

I ka moolelo o ka Decembrists uprising

Nā poʻe kipi i? Aaony e noho i ka la o Petero a me Paulo hūlili, a me ka Winter Palace, i ka hopu ana o kaʻohana aliʻi, a, ina he mea kekahi ana, e pepehi. E alakaʻi i ka uprising, i koho Sergei Troubetzkoy. Eia, i ka Decembrists e hoopai i ka Senate paʻi i ka lahui manifesto E kala aku i ka make ana o ka mea kahiko rula a me ka paa ana o ka wahi aupuni. Nā lālā o ka hou hoʻokahuli aupuni aupuni i manao e hana Mordvinova Adimarala a me ka helu Speransky. Ma lunakanawai ia i ka hana, e hoapono i ka kumukānāwai - i hou kumu o kānāwai. I Ina ina ka Senate hoole mai, e hai aku i kekahi aina manifesto i loaʻa i nā 'ikamu i ka abolition o serfdom, ka like o nā mea a pau ma mua o ka kānāwai, kemokalaka kīvila, i ka hoike o OAXA no nā papa o nā koa hana, i ka hoike o ka hoʻokolokolo ma ke jure, ke koho ana o na ilamuku, abolition o ke kino auhau , etc., It Ua hoʻoholo i ka hana ia ia hana ia ma ka poe ikaika no lakou.

A laila, e manaʻo e mālama i ke kaulana Hale Pule Nui, a makemake ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ke koho i ka palapala o ke aupuni: repubalika a ke kumukānāwai Kalikiano a. Inā he republican palapala, i kaʻohana aliʻi i ia e hoʻouna mai o ka aina i wae mai ai. Ryleev mua kaumaha aku e hoouna aku ma Rotehama i Fort Ross, akā, a laila ka mea, Pestel hapai ae la i ka pepehi kanaka o Rotehama a, paha, Tsesarevicha Aleksandra.

December 14 - ke kipi o ka Decembrists

Iki kakau i hiki mai i ka lā o ka coup ho'āʻo. I ke kakahiaka nui Ryleev Kakhovsky kakau i ke noi, e komo i ka Winter Palace, a pepehi Rotehama. He initiallyʻae akā laila hōʻole. Ma he umikumamakahi i ke kakahiaka ma ka Senate Square i haalele iho Moscow kiai, Grenadiers, luina kiai meaola luina. Total - ma kahi o ekolu tausani kanaka. Aka hoi, he mau lā ma mua o ka uprising o ka Decembrists i ka makahiki 1825, ma Rotehama o ka manao hoa o ka malu nā kaiapili iā decembrist Rostovtsev, e noonoo pono i uprising pono o ka hanohano o ka hanohano, a me ka Luna o General Staff Dibich. Kela manawa, i ehiku nā kenekoa lawe mai ma Rotehama hoohiki, a hai mai la ia ia Auguseto. Troubetzkoy, hoonoho poo o ka uprising, i i ikeia ma ka huinahalike. Shelves ma ka Senate hana mau, e ku, a kali, i ka wa a na kipi e hele mai i ka manaʻo ma ka hookohu ana o ka hou alihi kaua.

o ka Naauao hanana

Ma kēia lā, i i mōʻaukala i loko o Rusia. Helu Miloradovich,ʻikeʻia ma ke alo o ka poe koa ma luna o ka lio, hoomaka ae la oia e olelo mai ia ina Constantine hoole ia e ka Auguseto, ka mea,ʻo ia ke hoʻowahāwahā i ka e hana. I hookuu, mai ka poʻe kaua o nā insurgents iā Obolensky Miloradovich kipaku aku i, a laila, no ka mea ka mea, aole ia i pane koke hoʻowahāwahā eha i loko o kaʻaoʻao o kona'Elau. Kakhovsky keia manawa pana ma ka helu pono ia ana me ka panapana liʻiliʻi,. Duke Mikhail Pavlovich a me Colonel Styurler ho'āʻo e lawe mai ai i ka hoolohe ana o na koa, akā, pau hoao ana i lanakila. Aka hoi, na kipi palua hooauheeia i ka hoouka ana o ka lio, a alakai Alexei Orlov.

Ma ka wahi hoakoakoa ae la na umi o na tausani o nā kupa o St. Petersburg, a makemake aku la lakou me na kipi, a kiola ma Rotehama a me kona mau aliʻi i na pohaku a me ka pauku. E like me ka hopena, ua hana mau "apo" o kanaka. Kekahi mea i hoʻopuniʻia e ka poʻe kipi, a ua haku o ka poe i hele ma mua, a me ka mea'ē aʻe i hanaʻia o ka poe i hele mai ma hope, gendarmes ma ka wahi ka mea, e hou ae, no laila kanaka i kū ana ma hope o ka Decembrists puni ka poʻe kaua o ke aupuni. Kēia 'ia i hanau o ka pilikia a me Rotehama, ka mea e kupu ai i loko o kona pomaikai, hoʻoholo ihola e hoomakaukau i na lala o ke aliʻi ohana luina ma ka hihia e pono e pakele ai i ka Tsarskoye Selo.

kaiʻewaʻewa mana

Ka hou-i Emperor ike i ole i ia i ka hopena o ka Decembrists kipi i loko o kona lokomaikaʻi, no laila, ninau aku au Eugene metropolitans a me Seraphim hoopii i na koa a me ka noi e haalele. Ua ua i lawe mai i nā hualoaʻa, a me nā mea e hopohopo neiʻoi loa ma Rotehama. Aka hoi, ia e hoʻokele e lawe i ka Initiative, oiai na kipi koho i ka hou alakaʻi (ua hoonohoia oia i Prince Obolensky). Aupuni poʻe hao wale i loko o ka helu nui o ka eha manawa i oi i ka poe kaua o ka Decembrists: eiwa tausani bayonets o infantry i ohi ia,ʻekolu tausani lio apoʻili, ma hope kapaia na gunners (kanakolu-heʻeono pū), huina o - e pili ana i umikumamalua tausani kanaka. Nā insurgents, i kaulana ma luna, heʻekolu tausani.

I ka make ana o ka Decembrists

A hiki mai ka Admiralty Boulevard ua kiai mea kaua, ma Rotehama kauoha aku e hana i ka volley o buckshot ma ka "Mob", mea ma luna o ka hale o ke Senate, a me ka kokoke hale. Decembrists ia me ka rifle ke ahi, a laila, he huahekili o ka shrapnel i i ka holo. Ka mea, i noho ai ma hope o ka pana pua aku makou, me ka poe koa i hoounaia'ku ma luna o ka hau o ka Neva me ke AIM e neʻe ma Vasilevsky Island. Ma ka Neva hau Bestuzhev ho'āʻo e hookupaa aku i ka noho pololei ana o ke kaua, a laila, e hele i ke kūpono '. Nā poʻe hao wale hoalaala ia mai, akā, ua kī mai pūʻanoʻano,ʻaʻole. I ka hau, Hi ohia, kanaka i ke kai. Ke manao ua i ka hoʻokō 'ole', i loko o nā alanui a me nā mika pāhoʻonui lua o ka po, he haneri, o ka make.

Ke hopu a me ka hoao ana

Ka ninaninau 'ana e pili ana i ka makahiki o ka Decembrists uprising i wahi, a pehea ia i pau ai, oiaio no e hai mai i keia la, i na mea he nui. Naʻe, i kēia hanana i ka hopena nui ma ka hope mōʻaukala o Rusia. Meaning o ka Decembrists 'uprising E ole e underestimated - ka mea, eia ka mea mua i loko o ke aupuni a pau i hana i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni hui, ua nui ka polokalamu pili aupuni, e hoomakaukau, a hoʻokō i ka kaua uprising. I ka Ia manawa na kipi ua i makaukau no ka hookolokolo i hahai i ka uprising. Kekahi o ia mau mea ma hope o ka hookolokolo ana i hana, a kau (Ryleeva Pestel, Kakhovka a me 'ē aʻe), na mea e ae a hoʻokuewa wale' ia Siberia a me nā wahi. Ma ke kaiāulu mahae: kekahi kākoʻo i ke alii, ka mea 'ē aʻe - ka pilikia ka revolutionaries. A me na koena iho revolutionaries hee, shackled, pio, noho iho la ma ka hohonu noʻonoʻoʻino hoʻi.

ma ka hopena

About mea, pehea i ka Decembrists kipi i pokole kamaʻilio nui i loko o ka pauku. Ka mea, i kūpaʻa ma ka kekahi makemake - i ka hoʻokahuli aupuni hana ku e autocracy a me ka serfdom ma Rusia. No nā kānaka hoihoi uʻi, poʻokela koa, poe akeakamai a me economists, koʻikoʻi thinkers hoao coup i ka hōʻike: kekahi hōʻike ikaika lima, kekahi nāwaliwali, kekahi hōʻike manaʻo, ikaika, pakiko-mōhai, a hoomaka ae la kekahi e waver, i hiki ole hoola i ka workflow, aku la.

Ka mōʻaukala manaʻo nui o ka Decembrists kipi o ia mea, i waiho ai i ke kumu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni moolelo. Kā lākou hana ana ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka hou? Acaeoey o ka liberation o ka manaʻo i loko o feudal Rusia.