Industrialization i loko o ka USSR: ka mua Five-Year Plan

Ke mua elima-makahiki kumumanao - Ua conditional ma ka inoaʻo o ka mua elima-makahiki kumumanao like hapa o ka hoʻoikaika industrialization o ka USSR i loko o ka hopena o 1930s. Manawa a hiki i keia manawa au, i ka aina i loaa he mana hanalima-koa eiiieaena.

He aha ka ka pā kula o koi industrialization o ka Soviet Union? Ka nele i ka New Economic Policy, a NEP,ʻo ia ka ulia o ka mōhaiʻai loaʻa i loko o nā makahiki 1927-1928, alakai aku ai i ka olelo hooholo o ka alakaʻi loli i ka waiwai kuwaho, a me ka hoʻomaka o ka mihi o ka holoʻokoʻa'ōnaehana o ka Union.

Iloko o ka First Five-Year Plan - 1928 (i ka lā o ke keiki hookama o ka manao) - 1932 (palena pau, oa hana a pau na hana o ka pae mua o ka industrialization).

Ma ke hoʻololi i ka mea hou kulekele a me ka hookamaia o ka mua elima-makahiki papahana mea i hana ia ma ka 16ʻaha kūkā o ka CPSU (b). Ke mua elima-makahiki papahana hoomaka ma October 1928. A i ka wa a ka manao i aponoia, akā,ʻaʻole ka mea, ua i akaka Pahuhopu.

He aha ka mea, i nā Pahuhopu hoonoho wale i ke aupuni o ka USSR? Mua, ka mea, ua pono e lanakila i ka oaoieei-, a me ka nui backwardness o ka aina; ʻO ka lua,ʻo Soviet Union i ka pakele ana i oicyenoaaiiie kaukaʻi, kuhikuhi ma koa lako; Ekolu, ma mua o ka mana nui i hana: e hana i kekahi mana koa-hanalima eiiieaena; Ha, ke industrialization ua, e haawi aku i kekahi kumu ikaika no ka collectivization.

Ke mua elima-makahiki papahana i kona mau 'ano:

• kiʻekiʻe ulu (industrialization i kapaia "puʻe wale akula kēlā");
• lā palena pau (ka mea kaulana kāhea aku a ke "haawi 5 yrs i loko o 4 makahiki!);
• disproportion ma? acaeoey: ka predominance o kaumaha hana ma ka malamalama;
• manaʻo o industrialization ma ka lilo o ka wahi lulu makauliʻi.

Soviet luna e hoʻohana i nā mea e,ʻo kanaka i ka nuipa a "no? Ieoaeunoaa paena." Haneri o kanaka, no ka mea, i ke kai eʻe mau kāhea, hoouna aku, a kūkulu ihola nā hale hana, hopu iho la Railroad, komo i loko o ka hana o ka mana mea kanu. Ma keia au, ua he nui o ka loa-ike Soviet nā pelaha, e noonoo i ka pā o ka hoʻoponopono-ike paka ana o na kanaka ma ia manawa.

No hoi i ka mea mua Five-Year Plan i ee aku collectivization, i ka pu ma ka dispossession. I ka lua o ka makahiki o ka mua elima-makahiki papahana makemake hope e kapaia "i ka makahiki o ka nui loli." Naʻe, i kela kanaka keia kanaka i ike i ke kumu kūʻai hana like aina a me nā hale hana. Pehea na Huneʻohana i ua nele o ka hale, ka nui o na kanaka i make, mai ka anu ...

I ka 1932, i ka pau ana o ka mea mua Five-Year Plan. Kona hualoaʻa, ua like penei:

• ikaika pale eiiieaena i hanaʻi;
• Ua Ua eliminated ka nele;
• aneiai kuokoa o ka Soviet Union i ua loaʻa;
• ua he n ieaie? nenoaiu o ka hoʻokele waiwai ' ana o ke Soviet Union ;
• elima-makahiki papahana i hauma¯na nui kūpono 'ana o ke aupuni.

Ka mua Five-Year Plan i Ua holomua ma ka hua'ōlelo o nā hana: ho okumu DnieproGES, Uralmash, he kanaka nunui kila mea kanu, a me he mea kanu ma Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Novokuznetsk a me Norilsk. Wehe i ke kaʻa'ōhua ma lalo iho mua i loko o Moscow, hoomaka ana kaʻa kauō nā hale hana ma Stalingrad a me Kharkov. Penei, o ka USSR i kekahi nunui koa mana a me ka hanalima Kuokoa.