He aha nō ka piʻi like o kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo? He aha nō nā pahu hopu i loko o ke alo o ke kiaaina?

makahiki hoʻokahi tausani,ʻelua haneri aku nei, i loko o January, 814 la, haalele i kona aupuni a mau loa aku i kekahi o nā mākua o ka Roman-Germanic, maoli Europa noho maikai ana, i hoʻokumu o ka mua 'Eulopa Union. Frankish Western aupuni a me ka mokuna o ka oi ma mua o nui: ia mea ke kālā no Farani, Pelekiuma, Kuikilana, Holland, Italy, nui māhele o Kelemania, a ma Sepania. Akā, i kaua aku i kona ola,? Anoee ole wale no: ma kahi hehi kona poe koa, lanakila Kristiano. Helene Europe limanui bapetizo: a me ke ahi, a me ka pahi kaua. Kēia mea nui, mai ka mea i piʻi like lilo kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo.

Uapo no ka hoʻokomo i

Slavic ka noho loa hākilo loa i manao ai i ka mana o ke West ka ho okumu,ʻalo me ka weliweli enemi, ikaika, akamai, a me ia hoʻi, ke-uhane, ina koi ma na ana. 'Aʻole i ka pahi kaua wale nō luku Carl, akā, i ke kālā, a me ka wahaheʻe, a me ka betrayal. Ka Hōʻike, Kīwala'ō. Slavic ohana hookahe profusely kekahi i kekahi.

No ka kenekulia ka mea kaua kauo aku la ia, ua make loa ia hoʻonāukiuki Karl. Ka loa passionate hapa o ka Slavs ia ia i luku ai i, kekahi i hele aku ma ka hikina, he nui assimilated a me ke kiʻekiʻe o lilo i ka Austrians, Danes, kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a me ke koena i UAIAaIN e kekahi "kuhi" a hiki ma lalo o Roma lima. No ka laʻana, i kaʻauamo i ka Western nānaina o ka Kristiano, a lilo awaawa poe enemi o Slavic Rusia.

A pau, e oiaio no mahalo i ka hao makemake, a me ka maikaʻi loa ka naau o ka Emperor Karl, akā, i ka study o ka Frankish ka noho koke i akaka kahi originates a me keia la ka hae o Europe i ka East. Ke kaʻina ua nō e hele ana. Ia mea no ka mea e piʻi like lilo kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo (6 papaʻiʻo hiki oleʻike i na pili ina i ke kumu e pahu manaʻo)!

mōʻaukala kāʻei kua

Ke kumu o ka Frankish aupuni a pau i hanaʻia ma mua o ka hānauʻana o Karla Velikogo poe koa nui na'lii ekolu i hoʻololi i mea ole sloth i loko o ka Merovingian aliʻi. Clovis kanu statehood i kuikahi me ka ekalesia papal; Karlom Martellom Ua hana kekahi, he mea hiki 'oihana koa maoli a me ka honua ma luna o ke kumu o ka feudal oihana o benefices (maikai lewa), a me ka kaua o Poitiers, i papani ai hoi i ke kaua o Europe i Hoʻomana Mohameka; Pepin ka Pika lilo ka mua kūhelu ke alii o ka Carolingian i nohoaliʻi ai, hoʻouna i nā monasteries i ka hope o ka Merovingian palaualelo. Manawa Pepin Rome reoriented, mai ka hikina (Byzantium) a hiki i ke Komohana.

Pela i waiho i ke kumu o Europa ka noho - ka Roma-Germanic. Ua kekahi wahine i ka ninau o mea na e piʻi like o kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo, mahope mai o ka loa kahua o Europa noho maikai ana, ai kaʻoi loa i ka noho alii ana o Charlemagne.

mau alii

Karl ka makua kāne, Pepin ka Hula, i kakahiaka nui, ao mai i kana keiki, e lawelawe moku'āina pili, 'ana i kumumanaʻo ka pelapela mākau nā mākau , a me ka makemake e hana i hana. hana i loko o ka pā hale hālāwai Young Charles ua, oluolu a me lawelawe kalaiaina mea, komo i loko o ka paipai aʻo kai eʻe o Aquitaine. A lohe o Pepin make, he iwakalua-ʻeono keiki i mua i hoomakaukauia no ka hoʻoponopono-hoʻokele. He aha nō ka piʻi like o kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo ka loa? Kupono ka hoʻonaʻauao o na hooilina, 'āwīwī, naʻe ka mea, ua nui ke kakahiaka nui, aʻo kēlā a me na mea a pau i ka pono no ka hoʻokele.

Au i ua he keiki Pepin ole wale. A ua maheleia aneane like kona waiwai: Karl loaʻa Nuanon a me Karlomanu - Soissons. Na mau - piha a me ka ewaewa ole, ke alii o ka Frank. I mau, i ka fraternal ana lakou. No ka mea olelo koi 'ia i ka hana nui, a no ka hookui nele i ka huna uuku hoonaukiuki ana.

No ka poe enemi o ka noho maikai ana keiki francs ka mea, lilo aouli: ka lānai hou lanakila Aquitani hoala hou i ko lakou mau poo, Sākona a me ka Britons kaomi mai ka hikina mai, a mai ke komohana mai, a mai ka mokuna o kēia Italy i hele mai i kekahi maoli hoʻoweliweli '- i ke alii o ka Lombards Desiderius, ua hui pu ka hapanui o ka Peninsula. Eia ka mea, ua he koa maoli a me ka nunui kumuwaiwai. Kuhikuhi loli na aina papal, lanakila hou Pepin a hâʻawi wale ma Roma. Eia kekahi, Desiderius hookeai hoa, a intermarried me ka puni Duke, ka poe no hoi i ole makemake i ke kūpono 'ana o ke Frankish moku'āina.

Karl i ka mea, hookohukohu iho la lakou a pau i ka manawa ole, e hai i ka make māinoino. He pono a nānā aku i ko lakou aupuni, hele, ioioie? Ue, makana i monasteries, pāʻina. Ma waena o kēia mau chores hoopuni uhi pū i uprising Aquitaine. Kapa kaikaina Ua Hiking ma ka Gascony a me Aquitaine, akā,ʻo ia flatly hoole. Carl pēpē ihola iā ia iho.

Ia manawa, Desiderius i mai ka Pope wahi ma ka wahi. Stephen III tearfully noi no ka kōkua mai hoahanau elua - a Carloman a me Charlemagne. Akā, au i i hookipa ia. Carloman i makemake ole i ke kaua, akā, Carl i mare i ka lua o ka manawa. Kona makuahine - Bertrada - puʻe wale i ke keiki me ka hooiaio ana o ka maluhia i lawe mai, mai ke kūkulu hema, e haʻalele i ka mua wahine Himiltrudy - ke kaikamahine a Desiderius, desideratum. CHF nā hana i ka Italy pelupelu koke, maule iho i ka hopena.

United mana

Karl, waiho wale aku i kekahi kūlana loa lōʻihi. I hoouna aku ai i kona makua kāne Dezoderatu aneane loa hookaawale ae ano laulea a me kona kaikaina, a hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau ana no ke kaua. Eia naʻe, anapu koke a palaka make Carloman no a pau. Karl i luna o ka hoʻoilina a lilo ae la ke wale ka maʻamau ke alii o ka Frank.

A me ka pono aku, a me 772 makahiki, hoomaka ae la kekahi kaua nui lifelong: ke kai eʻe, he kaua, he hoʻopuni, suppression o ka hoalauna, i ke kaua - he vicious hoa kanaka. Kela a me keia makahiki ma May e pili ana i ka oihana aʻo - kahi o ka n ieaie? Hana. I kekahi manawa, ma ka makahiki ka mea, aole ia e hoopii i kekahi manawa, akā, elua.

Karl koke lilo iho la i ka luna koa, a me ka strategist nui. Loa pinepine, i ka hoʻoweliweli 'Ua kokoke mai kekahiʻaoʻao, he nui ekaeka ano o ka chaos a me ka luku aku. Eia naʻe, a pau o nā aka wahi e unravel, a me na hopena, ua maikai loa. Carl hurriedly maopopo i ka pā o ka pilikia, a lawe koke ae la hana.

Kekahi o kona mau helehelena i loko o ka puali koa o ke ki i ka lanakila a me ka haʻaheo lāhui paulele: Karl - ma lalo mau mika lōʻihi, uʻi maoli koa, ikaika a me ka malie - hooiaio alakaʻi no kekahi,ʻaʻole i nui koa koa. He aha nō ka piʻi like o kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo like me ka hopena, pilikia i kēia heluna o.

hanaia'na mai o kekahi poe koa

Karl mau i ke kaua, a me ka mea, koi nui kanaka a me ka waiwai. No ka ua maikaʻi waiwai - nui ?? eoi? I na mea a pau, a hiki hou aku. Akā, ka mea, ua i malama. Moolelo o kona mua - a me kona makua kāne, a me kona kupunakane - Ua hoomau aku i loko o ka palapala o ke koa mihi.

Ke feudal haku o ka regular hana xi kona ona aina (benefice), eia kekahi i ka mea - ua ola kikoo nenoaiu. Ma ke kauoha o ka makahiki a pau i ka nui landowners - helu a me ka poe kahu - ua me kā lākou mau lio, a me ka wāwae a hiki i ka wahi o kaʻohi kanaka, ua mākaukau i ke kaua a me ka alaplpa.

Wa e kaawale aku o ka manawa i olelo mua iaʻi he nui uku, oiaiʻalo - i ka hoopai ana a hiki hou hoʻoponopono. Mobilization ua kākaʻikahi paʻa, pinepine kaua kaʻoi loa ua mau wahi loko i hooweliweli hoalauna. Ua ua He loa pono ka'ōnaehana a me francs moku'āina hoʻonui, a ikaika ae la. No laila, i ka mea e piʻi like lilo kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo? Papa 6 pane: ka hoʻokumu o ka poe koa maoli me ka mobilization nenoaiu.

Ke kaua me ka Lombards

Desiderius ua kaumaha hoonaukiukiia a me ka huhu nui: e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā kākoʻo o Charles ma kona aupuni, i holo pili loko aku la Carloman a koi i ka Pope poni ana o kekahi o na keiki a ka mea i make ke alii a hiki i ka Frankish noho alii.

Akā, i ka Pope i loli. Ma kahi o ka pahee pliable a me Setepano halawai mai la me ia mea e makemake ai Adrian. A hui au me ka mea keʻakeʻa, a me ke kumu koi. Akā, hoomaka ae la lakou e Desiderius hou oki loa i ka Papal States. Adrian paa ma Rome, a'ōlelo akula lākou i Charles e pili ana i ka make māinoino o ka Uhane Roma Church.

ua makaukau kēia manawa Carl. No ka piha huikala ana o ka naau, oia palua ho'āʻo e hiki i 'aelike me Desiderius, akā, i lanakila. Ae, a i makemake ole ia, au koho. Nā kūkaʻi'ōleloʻana, hoohiolo lakou. Alpine ala i paa a paa i hoʻopaʻaʻia. Karl no kekahi i ike ole alahele mauna, huli ae la ka poe koa a pau, piliwaiwai, a hele aku la a hiki i ka hope o kaʻenemi, ai hoopuniia ma Pavia, ma Desiderius nalowale, a i Verona - i ka lua o ka kapikala o ke aupuni o ka Lombards.

Ma Rome Karl komo like o ka naita lanakila. He ua olelo mai (a ua hoopunipuni!) Adrian hou ona. Ia manawa, i ka pua ana o Pavia i pau ana. Desiderius a me kona poe hoahanau i ua i hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka monasteries. Karl lilo ke alii o ka Lombards, a hui pu me ka mau aupuni i loko o hoʻokahi - Frankish. Lombards oki e nei. He aha nō ka piʻi like o kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo? Ka pōkole pane mea pilikia, e haawi aku. No ia mea, pehea ino imperialism, akā, me ka haʻahaʻa feudal fragmentation - ka hope a o Europa mōʻaukala. A me ia mea i loko o ka waihona waiwai o ka mea e pili ana i mea na e piʻi like o kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo.

Papa Hanohano ma Italy

Eia naʻe, i pau ai i ke pio ana o Desiderius i ke kaua. Ka lānai hou Roma patrician Karl i puʻe wale aku ma mua o hookahi, e kiola iho la uhauha, a wehe conspiracies.

Eia hoi hookupaaʻi i ka maluhia ma Saxony, lawe maiʻo ia ia i Roma kana keiki opiopio Pepin, ka mea i poni ai i alii ma ka Lombards mua. Nā kānāwai kahiko Ua hoʻokō ai me, ma ka kūloko hanohano, he mau pomaikai, a me ka lehulehu oihana.

Akā, o ka papa, i kākoʻo pāʻoihana ua hooholoia me ka ae ole o ka Karl - nui mua like ma ka akau a me Central Italy, oia loaa loa ka mana. Ano I maopopo hou mea e piʻi like lilo kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo. Ka pōkole pane mea - he naauao kulekele.

Bavarian kuko

I ka make ana o ka mea kokoke Lombardy loa poino moku'āina o Bavaria - a me ke koa, a me ka hana kālai'āina. Duke Tassilo III ua akamai a me ka'ōlewa:ʻaʻole i lōʻihi aku nei au nana i hana i kaʻahahui o Bavaria a me ka Lombards, a me ka ua e ho'āʻo ana e nāuki ole nui Frankish ke alii. O Keoni a hoohiki hāʻawiʻia aku ai i kona makua kāne Charles. Akā, mai ka autocracy ia ia e hele ana i haawi mai, a mai e alakai poʻe hao wale i ka May akoakoa. A huna ae like manao me ka Byzantine aupuni a pau, a me nā mea a pau Italian mau hoa paio o Charles, a hiki i ka Danube kui - e ku e ia Karla Velikogo.

Karl hoʻomanawanui i kēia mea,ʻaʻole i lōʻihi. E hana me ka kaua i loko o Saxony,ʻo ia i alakaʻi i ka poʻe hao wale a hiki i ka palena o Bavaria. Tassilon hoomaka ae la e imi i ka hoomalu ana o ka Pope, ka mea i hooholo ia e ka uwao ma ka huli 'ana no ka maluhia. Carl i kaumaha aku ai, e kakau i ka kekahi lākou o nā palapala, akā, ma hope o Tassilona malu haʻalele i ke kulanakauhale i kekahi olelo pomaikai ole, e haawi aku. Pāpā ua huhu, a hoomaikai aku la Charles ma ke kaua.

Ka Bavarians, e like Tassilona, a hiki i ka Frank i i hanai inaina, aole i makau. I mea no ke aha la i waiho ia me ka poe koa depleted ke alii Bavarian koke. Hana i kekahi mea - Karl i lawe mai i ka waiwai hookupu fief hoohiki, a haʻalele i ka ae hoʻopaʻa -ʻo kāna keiki.

Tassilon i hoohewaia e ke Sejm no kipi, a ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. Carl kala aku nō iā ia, a mau loa aku hoopaaia ma ka hoailona. Tassilona ka wahine a me nā mea a pau i kana poe keiki, waiho wale aku i ka hookahi hopena.

Bavaria kū kaʻawale i hoopauia. Helu-Kiaaina hoike pololei ia Charles. Together me Bavaria, a me ka Frank loaa ka Slavic aina - ka loa a me ka Carinthia, oe i komo i ka Balkans. No laila, a hoʻopiha nō ?? eoi?. Ia ka leo o ka piʻi like lilo kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo (History, Papa 6, ma ka hoʻoikaika a me kaʻiʻo nō o kēia manawa).

Ho'āliʻi aku iā haʻi i ka aupuni a pau

A hala aku mākou i ka mua he kanakolu makahiki o ka noho alii ana o Charles - ma ka incessant kaua, hana malu a me ka lehulehu lanakila i lawe mai ai ma na aina he - nui a me ka meaʻuʻuku, kanaka - aʻaʻole loa koa kaulana, ua lilo i mea paakiki e mālama i kēia hoʻokele waiwai a pau, ka malama ana i ka ia inoa. Ke alii o ka Frank manaʻo e pili ana i ka imperial lei.

He aha nō ka piʻi like o kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo? Pane e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane, akā, i kekahi o ia mau mea - keia: e hoolaulea aku ai, a kuʻi nukeliu o nā kumumea i loko o ka palapala o nāʻohana o nā Sākona, Frank, Lombards, Frisians, Alamanov, Bavaria - ia mea, kahiko-German bottling ohana - Slavic, Romance a me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe eiiiiiaiou o ke aupuni a pau . 'ākilikai hou inoa i pono ai: ka mea, o ka mana indisputable i waena o nā mea a pau loa kamaaina, irrespective o ko lākou mau kumu, 'ōlelo, a hiki loa i ka manaoio.

E hoʻoponopono i kēia pilikia nīnau hiki Roma wale. Ua hele mai ana ma ka ulia. Pope Leo III no, hakahaka o Adrian, ee aku i loko o kaʻinoʻino moʻolelo, a ua noi no ka kōkua mai Karl like me ka nui patricianʻano nui lehulehu nīnūnē. E kū'ē i ka Pope i ke kipi, a hoao pepehi kanaka. Paha Ua hoʻouka kekahi i ke kumu i loko o ka papal hale ma waho, he naita ma ka papa, a walawala ai ka hanohano ohana o Adrian make. Leo III, ua pakele mai komohewa, a kela aoao o ka Alpino, uhi me Karl.

Charles houluulu kona poe koa, a koke neʻe i Italia, e hookupaa ai ia i laila i ke kiekie mana o ke kūkākūkā. Ka hookolokolo ana i wahi, i a Pope Leo III i hooakea ai i ka hoohiki ana, a me kona mau hoopii i ole i hiki ke hooiaio mai. O ka ihu, i kēia hana lunakiai makemake i ka uuku, akā, noʻonoʻo ana i ka paia o ka poʻe hao wale Karla Velikogo, loa mau kanaka hiki ke kū'ē'ē 'ana. He aha nō ka piʻi like o kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo? Ka pōkole pane i ia keia: ao domination.

Ka hana kaulana o ka poni i wahi ma Christmas Day 800 makahiki i loko o ka Basilica o St. Petero. Frankish ke aliʻi ma hope o ke kau Pope nani lei aliʻi i kukala aku ai i ke Akua i nā pāpale aliʻi i ka nui a me ka maluhia (!) Emperor o Roma Karl August. Kēia mau hua'ōlelo i hou ekolu manawa, a pau kela mau makana i loko o ka luakini.

A me ka haʻilula ia iho, a me ka holomua o ka hihia, a me ka halawai ma ka ekalesia o ke kiʻekiʻe elele o ka poʻe i haʻi mai iā mākou i ka polokalamu ua i unuhiʻia mai i loko o mua, a akahele,ʻaʻohe mea pehea disabuse i na a me Papa a me Carl ia ia iho. He Ua koke lawe i ka hoohiki o ka laulea - i nā mea a pau i hiki mai, e hoomaka ana me ka Pope. He aha e piʻi like hou kaulana aupuni a pau Karla Velikogo!

A i ke ala hookahi manawa hou, e hoihoi i ka Roma aupuni a pau, i kēia manawa me ka ekalesia Karistiano, a me ka hapa o ka Emperor Kelemānia ma ke poo. Karl i ka hoʻoponopono i ka lōʻihi loa manawa a triumphantly. He ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o kona hanau Aachen.