Hero Cities o Rusia: Leningrad, Stalingrad, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk

I nń wahi pa, e like kanaka, i kā lākou hoʻopaʻi ua inextricably ua hoʻopili i ka mōʻaukala o ka'āina i loko o a lakou i noho ai. Ma na aoao ka mea, e kalele iho ma luna o ka mea like hana o ko lākou mau poʻe e noho ana. No ka laʻana, ke kauhale ke make ina kona haalele iho, a ma luna o nā kenekulia lilo i kumu nui hoʻonaʻauao mawaena konu o na mokuna a pau i ke aloha i ka enthusiasts, hoʻokumu i ke kulanui ma laila.

Pehea i hana ai i ka inoa o ka Hero-City

Ma ka euphoria o ka lā hope o ka Great Patriotic War, he nui loa i ole i kekahi 'he nui kekahi hanana. Ka mea i May 1, 1945 Leningrad, Odessa, Sevastopol a me Stalingrad i ka inoa o ke kulanakauhale-meʻe. Ma hope, ma ka Ewa o ka 20th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke A ia la aku, o ka inoa kumu kāki iā ia kauoha aku. Eia hou, hoomaka ae la ke kulanakauhale-meʻe o ka USSR i Moscow, Kiev, a me Brest pā kaua. Aʻe i i hookoia ma ka kēia mau makahiki. Ma kekahi, mai 1973, ka mea, hoomaka ae la e komo ai Kerch a me Novorossiisk, mai 1974 - Minsk, a mai ka 1976 - Tula. I ka makahiki o ka 40th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke meʻe-kulanakauhale o A ia la aku i hea like Smolensk, a Murmansk. Iki ma ka manawa o ka papa ua i mai o 12 kauhale, a me ka pā - Brest. Eia hou, Ua hala ke kānāwai i loko o ka makahiki 2006 a hiki i ka ano o ke "City o koa nani." Aeto la ia, Pskov, Belgorod, Kursk, Theodosius, a me na mea e ae.

Ma ke ala, mau ike i ka meʻe-kūlanakauhale o Rusia i ole ka mea wale heluna-oaio? A ia i ka like honorary kūlana. A like inoa i koe i loko o nā'āina, e like me Cuba, Vietnam a me Italy. Ka Union o Yugoslavia, ka mea i i hookoia ai ka 8 kūlanakauhale, ike okoa ia lakou iho iloko o ka Apana World War, a me Belgrade, Ljubljana, Zagreb, Pristina a me na mea e ae.

Leningrad

Ka mama o na defenders a me ka noho ana o ke kulanakauhale ma ka Neva ka wa pau ole komo i ka mōʻaukala o ka honua kaua. Kekahi December 19, 1940, Hitler kakauinoa i ke kauoha, ma i waena o nā mea 'o ia hoʻi i ka wā o ka hoouka ma ka Soviet Union mua i ia e pio Leningrad a me Kronstadt, a laila, ma Moscow. A pau ke kaua i hoopanee a September, i ka Führer i hoʻoholo, ma kana mau olelo, "e starve" Leningrad, a kauoha aku eʻoki i ka alanui o ka amo ana o ka ai. Mai September 8, 1941 hoomaka launaʻole blockade o Leningrad, a mau ae la 872 lā. He wahi kū hoʻokahi i loko o ka helu o nā mōhai i ke kulanakauhale i uku no ka pono, e malama mai i ka enemi ma luna o ko lakou mau alanui, a ma ka hale. Mau papakaukau bombing a me ka shelling kēlā lā i lawe pio aku ola o ka haneri o defenders. Naʻe, ka mea i hiki nui i make o ka pololi, e like me meager rations mea e lawa i ka malama i ka maʻamau functioning o ke kanaka kino.

I loko nō a pau keia, no ka Leningrad (e St. Petersburg) ola, a me kaʻenemi hiki i kekahi, ma ka Palace Square, Hitler moeʻuhane au i keia. Ma keia hihia, uku no ka mea, i ke kulanakauhale me ka hiki ole uku. E like me ka'ōlelo ma ka Nuremberg hoao ana, a pau make 632.000 kanaka. O kēia mau mea, 97% - mai ka pololi.

I hoomanao o ka'ōlohe wiwo defenders o Leningrad, a noho i loko o ke kūlanakauhale i loaʻa kia hoʻomanaʻo i lehulehu, a me ka obelisk "Hero City" ma Uprising Square (kiʻi ma luna).

Stalingrad (Volgograd)

Ke kulanakauhale ka inoa i kapa nā hualoaʻa ma ka 1942. Ke kaua o Stalingrad, a mau ae la ia no na malama eono, hoʻololi i ke ala o ke Kaua Honua II. Ka hoʻoili kaua nui no na hale, a me ka alanui alley. Ma kekahi kulanakauhale me nā kaua aoao, e hana i ka haneri o snipers. Ma ka heroism o Stalingrad noho, lehulehu palapala. E kuhikuhi aku i wale kekahi laʻana: ke kala ana o ka kūloko kaʻa kauō hola? Iecaianoaaiiuo ua lawe maiʻo ia i ka poʻe hao wale Wehrmacht wāwahi ma ke kulanakauhale. Ma keia hoouka ma Stalingrad ma ka Volga akau hooauheeia brigade kona hana Militia. Oi loa aku ko lāua koʻikoʻi i ka noho ana i August 23, 1942, i ka hopena o ka weliweli bombing pepehi ma 40 000 kanaka.

E like me na kulanakauhale e ae, i ka Makani Kaili Aloha o Rusia, Volgograd immortalized i ka hoomanao ana o ko lākou mau defenders mea hoʻonoho o kekahi mau kia hoʻomanaʻo i, a me ka hana ana o kekahi kanaka nunui e hoʻomanaʻo mau luna 'ma ka Mamayev Hill.

Sevastopol

i kekahi koa o Lūkini kulanakauhale oi wale i loko o ka Nui Patriotic War. No ka laʻana, no ka mōʻaukala 233-makahiki o Sevastopol pinepine lilo i ka laina mua o ka pale o ko mākou aupuni. Ma 'ana, i ka Crimean Kaua no 10 mahina, oia hoomanawanui i ka hae o Farani' amelika koa, England a me Tureke. Ke'ōlohe wiwo paio ana o ka poe koa, luina Lūkini'auwaʻa a me ka heluna Viktor Gyugo kapaia ka hou hoʻopilikia o Troy. Kupa o ke kūlanakauhale i nohoʻoiaʻiʻo, i na mooolelo o ko lākou mau kūpuna, a me ka 90 makahiki ma hope o nā hanana i wehewehe, i ka wa a ka poʻe hao wale o ka Wehrmacht manao e hopu i ka Crimea, i malama aku i ke meʻe-kulanakauhale o Sevastopol ma 250 lā,ʻoiai i ka hohonu ma hope oʻenemi laina. Ma waho aʻeo i ka noho i loko o nā kaua komo 23 000 kanaka limahana, kākoʻoʻia 150 Hawaiian a me ka mahinaʻai pū. Oiai ka hopena o ke kupulau 1942 ua e haʻalele Sevastopol, i emi ma mua o ka makahiki ma hope,ʻo ia i hookuu ia e koa o ka 4th Ukrainian Front.

Hero kulanakauhale o Novorossiysk

Ka inoa "Little Honua" i loko o ka 1970s, ua ma luna o nā kānaka a pau i ka lehelehe, e like me ka lua o ka puke i paʻiʻia, i ka mea kākau o ka i kauoha aku noʻonoʻo pono Leonid Brezhnev. He nui Episode ua ai improbable i keia palapala, ai 'hana koke lilo i kumu o ka ulu no ka poe i makemake e kākau moʻolelo. Aka, ma ka ike maopopo i ka bridgehead "Little Honua" lawe pio ai ma ka Soviet poʻe kaua, a hoopaa i 225 lā, ua he maoli inferno. Ka mama o na koa, ka poe kokua i ke meʻe-kulanakauhale o Novorossiysk, aole mea i lana ai pono o ka mahalo a me ka mamo. He Ua immortalized ma ke kukulu ana i ka mea paipai manaʻo luna '. I loko o ke kia a me ke kiʻi kaula depicting ka pae hoa, ua kaua nani iau, kahi au e loaʻa mai ka 'ike e pili ana i na defenders o ka bridgehead a me kā lākou mau hoʻomanaʻo.

Other kulanakauhale-meʻe

E hai aku e pili ana i ka hoʻomanaʻoʻana i ka poʻe i noho ma Moscow, Kiev, Minsk, Tula, Murmansk, Smolensk, Kerch, Odessa, a Brest hūlili hiki e loa lōʻihi. Me kela mea keia mea o lakou i pili me ka nui moʻolelo nona na koa a me nā ano o na kanaka a me na wahine, ka poe i ike ole ma mua paʻa i loko o kona mau lima i kona mau lima, akā, defiant, o ka pilikia no ka kokekau o ka A ia la aku Day a me ke pio ana o ka enemi. Lākou hoʻomanaʻo ua kekahi mau mea paipai manaʻo, kia hoʻomanaʻo i a me ka hoʻomanaʻo plaques.

Ano, ia oe i mea o nā hana i hana 'ia e kanaka e noho i ke kulanakauhale Lūkini o meʻe (Leningrad, Sevastopol, Stalingrad a me Novorossiysk) iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War. Mahalo i ko lakou hoolaa ana i luku fascism, a i ole, ua hoʻokō misanthropic manao o Adolf Hitler a me kona mau hoa hana.