Hoomalu o Sevastopol i loko o 1941-1942. Hero-City Sevastopol

July 3, 1942 ka'ōlohe wiwo pale o ka Crimean Peninsula, ua kūpono i ka nunui ka pōʻino i ka Red Army, i pau ai i ka emi hope o ko mākou poʻe kaua. Ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o ka Soviet Information Buro kaulana "selfless koa, ukiukiʻana o kaʻenemi defenders a me ka hoʻolaʻaʻana." Ua hāʻawiʻia nā makahiki mua o ke kaua iā mākou mea e oluolu, e manaoio ma o ka ike maopopo o ka mea e hanaia mai,ʻaʻole i nā mea a pau - mea, ua manao ka moe weliweli. I ka malamalama, akā, i ka mea ia manawa, a me ka lono kaumaha mōʻaukala o ka'āina e komo i ka stoic hoomalu o Sevastopol i loko o 1941-1942. Ke heroism a me ka ikaika o ka poe a pau i komo i loko o nā hanana o ia mau lā, Ua nui.

E haehae Odessa, akā, mālama Crimea

By 12 September 1941 na ke Kelemānia a hiki kokoke i Crimea. Ke Peninsula ua o KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui o no mākou, a no ka poʻe komohewa. Ua kaumaha i ka pololei ea ala hele i loko o ka aila-hua wahi o Romania, a nele i ka Wehrmacht poʻe hao wale me ka wahie. Me ka poho o kēiaʻaoʻao, i hooneleia mākou ke ea o ka manawa kūpono o ka bombing luku i ka wahie me ke koe o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia, a me ka mea, ma ka huli, ke loaa ole wale ka Lomāniaʻaila kā nā huahana, akā, i Soviet - no ka ia, e wehe i ke ala a hiki i ka Caucasus, a hiki i ko kakou me ke koe. Ma ka ke keʻena luna o ka Red Army maopopo i ka nui o ka noa holo mokulele o ka e keʻakeʻa i aoao, pela ka mea i hooholoia, e hoolilo i ka Crimea nā māhele, withdrawing ia lakou, mai ka Odessa. Ke'ōlelo mai, no ka mea, i ka hoola ana o ka Peninsula i, e kaumaha aku i nā kūlanakauhale a pau. Ke Kaua o Sevastopol, i ka mea, ua pono e deter kekahi koa, lawe mai i ka wai, makani a me ka aina.

Ma ka pau ana o Sepatemaba ma lalo o nā kēia kanaka Kelemānia poe Kiev a me ka hapanui o ka Ukraine, Smolensk, a pau na ke hoʻokokoke mai iā Leningrad, e pili ana i ka pua o ke kahua i manao ia ua weliweli. Eia hou, i ke koke o kaʻenemi koa a me kona nui frisky paipai 'o ka uka kamailio e pili ana i lōʻihi a me ka pilikia kaua. By September, i loko o nā kaua o Uman, a Kiev iʻulupā manawa huahelu o ke Komohana Hema Front, a ma ka Crimea hele mai i ka War Nui. Hoomalu o Sevastopol lilo ka laina hope ma ka Peninsula, kona holomua malu hiki, albeit kānaka, akā, mālama i kūpono 'Ua Hopu o ka Kelemānia kaua.

E like me ka Perekop Isthmus

Ka wale'āina ala hele ma a mea, ua hiki ke hele i ke Crimea - ka Perekop Isthmus. Hanaia e ku e August 51th E hoʻokaʻawale aʻe Army, a i waihoia mai me ka hoomalu o ka Peninsula,ʻo ia i ka 11th Wehrmacht koa. Soviet poʻe hao wale i kauoha mai ai ma ka Colonel-Nui. F. Kuznetsov, German - koa Erich av Manstein. E hoomaikai i kaʻenemi, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ia ma kaʻaoʻao o kaʻenemi ikea kekahi o na luna loa loea o Hitler. Eia naʻe, ma na kapa elua o ka mua, i kekahi manawa e ku e kekahi i kekahi, ka mea, kaua nō kohu kūpono kanaka i hiki ke paʻi ma ka professionalism me ka maluhia, ina ka mea, i ole i kino enemi o ka Nui Patriotic War. Sevastopol a Crimea ka palekana i loko o kēia mau mea e malama i ka anakahi o ka mākaukau o ke koa luna o ka mea e keʻakeʻa i poe koa.

Ke 51th E hoʻokaʻawale aʻe Army oia o ekolu infantry māhele: 276-au ma lalo o ke kauoha o Major-General I. Savinova, 156th, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Mele-General P. V.Chernyaev a 106th subordinated i Colonel A . ap- Makemaka. Savinov i e hoomalu Chongarsky Peninsula, a Arabat kuha. Mua Chernyaev hana i, e hoopaa i ka hope kulana 'ana Perekop a me ka puunaue Pervushina'ōʻia ma ka hema kapakai Sivash 70 ei i ia ia ma ke kahua o ka mua aeie i ke alanui o ka Kelemānia kaua ma ke ala a hiki i Sevastopol. 1941, ua nui no ka Soviet Army ,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o hua'ōlelo o ka pale o ka Crimea, akā, i loko o ka degere o ka hoomakaukau ana no ke kaua, e like me ka a pau.

Ma ke kaua no ka Perekop

Ma waho aʻeo i ka pana, i loko o ka 51th Army komo a me ka lio mahele ana, ka mea no hoi he ekolu 48-au ma lalo o ke kauoha o Major-General DI Averkina, 42th Colonel VV Glagolev a 40th Colonel F. F . Kudyurova. A pau ekolu mahele o ka 51st Army, eia kekahi i ka 271 'la Infantry Māhele, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Colonel M. A. Titova i e hoʻonalowale i ka pahu hoouka ma ka Perekop isthmus, aʻaʻole e ka enemi hohonu i loko o ka Peninsula, a i ke ano kaua no Sevastopol. Lau Crimean Māhele: 172 la, 184 la, 320 la a me 321 la - kiaiiaʻe ka mokuna. Ka mea, i kauoha mai ai, niioaaonoaaiii, colonels IG Toroptsev, VN Abramov, M. Vinogradov a me I. M. Aliev.

Mai 24 September na kēia kanaka Kelemānia hele aku la ma ke kūpono '. Two infantry moku, kākoʻo ma ka mea kaua a me ka mokulele, hoao e uhai ma ka Isthmus o Perekop. By September 26 ka mea, makani ino mai ai i ka Turkish paia, a hoopio iho la i ke kulanakauhale o Armyansk. Kiola ma ka hoomalu ana o ke kulanakauhale elua infantry a me kekahi lio mahele, hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka luna hana Max, Lutanela-General Pi baht i i hana i kekahi mau nā pilikia no ka German kaua - no ka mana o lākou kūpono. By 30 September, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua haʻalele lākou kekahi wahi, a hoʻi akula.

Hele ana a hiki i ka Taman Peninsula

Lokomaikaʻi ma Ishun kulana, ma ka 18 October, i ka wa a ka 11th German koa a hemo i ka hou kūpono ', ka 9th Rifle mau pūʻali, a me ka helu o ke kanaka huahelu o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa e hōʻuluʻulu hou i a me ka makaukau e halawai pu me ponoʻole i ka hopena o ka hoa paio. O ka papa, i na koa, ua like. Sevastopol pale nā alakaʻi ike i ole kilo i iloko i ke kūpono 'ana o ke Kelemānia kaua, ka mea, e hiki mai, akā, ma luna o ka mea a pau alo o ka wela hakaka, a hoohiolo i ka Ishun, aole he ala hoʻomoana o nā huahelu.

Kaua i 5 mau lā, i ka wā a ka enemi nei i ke Soviet poʻe hao wale a hiki hou i loko o ka Peninsula. 'Aʻole i mālama i nā hana a me ka pomaikai malina Army. Manstein, a me kona hou koa, kiola i ka mua mau infantry moku, a ma 28 October, a wawahi ae la ma na pale aku ia lakou. Red Army huahelu i haʻakoi e haalele ma lalo o Sevastopol. I ka moolelo o ke kulanakauhale i hoʻolakoʻia me ka hou, loa lono kaumaha o na makahiki a pau o kona ola i nāʻaoʻao.

Ka mea, uaʻAʻole maʻalahi, a kokoke Kerch, kekahi i haalele mākou poʻe kaua. A pau i ka mauna'āina i loko o ka wahi i mālama ai i ke kahua kaua. All hoao ana ma ka Red Army e loaa i kekahi foothold ma ka Kerch Peninsula hoao fruitless - 42th German Army mau pūʻali ekolu mahele luku aku i ka papa kuhikuhiE ikaika o ko mākou 51th Army, a ma luna o November 16 ma ka Taman Peninsula i evacuated i kona koena battalions. wā e hiki mai Ke kulanakauhale o Sevastopol a ua ike Kerch ka piha ikaika o ka Wehrmacht. E hemo mai ma ma ka mokuna hema o ka Crimea, ke Kelemānia kaua i na mea o ka 54th Army mau pūʻali, a oia o nā māhele infantry, a me ka motorized brigade, a me ka 30th Army mau pūʻali, iloko olaila kekahi o nā māhele infantry.

Ma ka hoʻokokoke mai iā Sevastopol

Impassable mana ma ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua poe i ka Sevastopol Pale Kaua nui māhele'āina (COP), a mea paha i ka loa paa wahi o ka Europa ?? eoi?. Mau komo pū kekahi mau kakini pu emplacements, paʻa pillboxes, minefields, pakaua, mākaukau me ka nui-caliber mea kaua, a, e like me ka mea i kapaʻia i loko o ia mau lā, bronebashennye o na pu ki (BB). Hoomalu o Sevastopol i 1941-1942 mau ae la ia no kekahi mau mahina, pili ana i ka loa paa kūlana pale wahi.

Ma Nowemapa i kaua 41st kaua ma luna o ka mamao outskirts o ke kulanakauhale. Ke pale mau pūʻali paa i ka Black Sea'auwaʻa, e like me ka Army 51st Army i ia manawa ma ka Peninsula ua aneane hele - ka mea, i evacuated. Kōkua kanaka infantry Anati-mokulele, mea kaua a me ka aʻo 'iniha, kapuaʻi, a me kahakai iuo aaoa?. Hele liilii lakou ma na mokuna a me ka i koe iho o Soviet māhele ninini i loko o ka poʻe kaua o nā defenders o ke kulanakauhale, akā, ka mea, ua negligible. No laila, ua hiki maluhia e olelo aku i ka'ōlohe wiwo hoomalu o Sevastopol i loko o 1941-1942. Ua lawe mai nō ma ka Black Sea.

Soviet Hoʻohui 'ia i loko o November i helu ma kahi o 20,000 luina. Akā, ma-Nui o ka uku ihola pehea nui ia mea, e malama i ka hope mau kihi o ka Crimea, a ua ikaika Sevastopol pā kaua wahi o ka malina Army mua, malama Odessa, i kauoha mai ai ma ka Major-General I. E. Petrov.

Kiola aku kilo ma ka moana, no ka mea aole kekahi ala e ua ole hou. Kūlana pale poʻe koa e hoʻokele i ka hoopiha i 36000th Manpower, mau haneri pū, ōlaʻi i o na tona o ka ammunition, poʻina nalu a me nā mea kaua. Mai ka 9 a hiki i 11 November, o ka poe koa Wehrmacht e hoʻokele i ka loa a puni Sevastopol ma ka aina, a ma ka mea e hiki mai ana he 10 lā i loko o kekahi mau wahi e kipaku aku i kaʻaukā i loko o ke kūlana pale laina. A laila, ma ka clashes i ka mō'ī.

hui alo

Ke kulanakauhale o Sevastopol Kerch, a ma ia mau pilikia lā o ke kaua no ka aina i loaa mai i ko lakou make ole ma ka lilo o ka lilo ana o na tausani o ka poe i defenders i ka ikaika e pale aku i ka ikaika loa enemi poe koa. Ma hope o ka pōkole hoohiamoe, kaua laila, i loko o ka Crimea me kūikawā mercilessness i loko o nā lā mua o January 1942. I ka manawa ku ma ka Lomānia Evpatoria uprising wawahi ae hoʻonohonoho i nā heluna kanaka, a oo ia guerrilla i huiʻia. Ianuari 5th i ke kulanakauhale i hoolilo i parachute ma ka mokuna o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa kaua.

Ka mua kaua lanakila lawe mai i kekahi mea uuku hui ana o ka Soviet hao wale - Lomānia koa Ua kipakuia mai o ke kulanakauhale. Akā, defenders o ka superiority ua pōkole-ola: January 7, huki i ka ke koe nō, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i luku mai i ka parachute mahele. He nui o ko mākou mau koa i pio. Ka Wa ua i ka mea kaua. Ma ka huli ana o Alushta - Sevastopol, a i lōʻihi e paʻa ana i ka pale kaua, ua kekahi manawa ua hana hoʻokipa e na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Mai kēia manawa ma luna, o na manaolana a pau ma luna o ke kai, kahi no ka lawe mai reliably he lōʻihi manawa malu o Sevastopol. Lā o ka noho malie, aole uaʻaneʻaneʻaʻohe shelling o ke kulanakauhale, he mau.

Ma lalo o ka hahau ana o ka Luftwaffe

Ke kulanakauhale, ke ole ka mea kaua, Manstein hoolei i kona hahau ikaika - ka Luftwaffe. Army Group "South", a oia no elua ea mau pūʻali, i helu ma kahi o 750 Kekoa, a kākoʻo i ka Kelemānia Moku. No ka mea piha ka hopu ana o ka Crimean Peninsula Hitler i hookoe aole 'enehana, aole hoi i ka Manpower. Elima Air mau pūʻali Luftwaffe i kiola ia ma Sevastopol mea pono i loko o ke kakahiaka hooilo o 1941, a me i kakahiaka nui me May 42 ko keia makeʻano hana hiki i ka honua ana, a i paʻa ma ka Manstein, tangible kākoʻo. Hoomalu o ka Sevastopol 1941-1942 makahiki, ma naʻe o ka ia'ku a me ka ikaika o ka Black Sea luina, mau ae la ia i ka iki hou ma hope o ke kūlanakauhale? pum? iaʻenemi mokulele. No no ka mea, e lele i kēia kaiaulu o ke alo i naueue a me ka walu Air mau pūʻali, i kauoha mai ai e W. av Rihtgoffen. Hitler i kauoha mai ai kekahi o kona maikai pūkaua i ka loa a me ka luna 'ano nui lepo hana.

Ku I o Sevastopol iho, ua pakele, a ua pakele o ka ikaika kaua, i kaʻana like Memories o ka incessant bombing o ke kulanakauhale. Kela la i keia Luftwaffe mokulele i hāʻule ma Sevastopol tona kiʻekiʻe-pahū hopeʻia. Up i 600 ia e haʻalele mākou koa kākau kela la i keia. Total Ua pio ka polokalamu Hoʻihoʻi i oi aku mamua o elua, a me ka hapalua tausani na tona o ka hope, a me nui-caliber - mai a hiki i ka tausani kilograms kēlā me kēia.

All German mana - i loko o ka kīmopō ma luna o ke kulanakauhale

Lanakila uku auhau mea kaua pakaua o Sebastopol. A lōʻihi pale ma ka wa i oi koa o ka hoa paio ke wale nō ia i loko o ke alo o ka loa-manawa pakaua e like me Crimea pau. E luku aku ia lakou, na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i ka hoʻohana nui-caliber mea kaua ka hoʻopuniʻana. Over elua haneri keena, a oia ka mea kaumaha pū, Manstein hooponopono i loko o ka laina lōʻihi o 22 kilomika. Ma waho kaumaha howitzers 300 mm o a me ka 350 mm o i noi ia, a superheavy hoopuni kiko'ī 800 mm o.

malū, o ka oi aku no ka Hopu i loko o ka lima o Sebastopol, i haawiia i kekahi huina kaumaha o ka mea pepehi Kelemania, ma o ka tausani tona. Kona aia i loko o ka pōhaku,ʻaʻole mamao mai Bakhchisarai. E ku e ia ia i ka mana ia he mea hiki ole ke ola. Ke komo ana o ka pale o Sevastopol Ua haʻi 'ia mai ka deafening halulu mai, a me ka luku koa iʻaʻohe mea kaua.

No ka lōʻihi manawa, ua hikiʻole i ka ino, i ke kūlanakauhale Kelemānia hao wale - Hāʻule maila lākou i nā guerrillas, i ka ino, a me ka wa e kaawale aku ana o ka maopopo ulu kumumanao o ka hoouka. Akā, ua makaukau no ia ma ke kupulau o 1942 a pau. No ke kau ino 11th German koaʻoi loa eono hou hale: o ka 54th, 30 la, 42 la, 7 la Lomania, 8-Lomānia a me ka 8th ea. I hiki ke ike mai i ke ano o ke kino, a me ka mea, i ka lepo hao wale a me ka lewa.

Ke ahi ke komo lima o

Ma Kerch Peninsula hoonoho 42th a me 7th mau pūʻali, ka mea makemake e hoʻohana no ka honua ana, a komo i loko o ke kaua wale e puku i ka hakina papa. 4º hoʻouku a 46th Infantry poe e komo ma ka hope ke kahua o ke kaua, no laila, i kaʻenemi i eha mahele ana me kŘpa a hawaiian koa no ka hoʻopio aku i hope o ke kulanakauhale. No laila, i loko o ka hopena ia la - ma lalo, pili puʻe mai ka Kelemānia huahelu, a ma luna o kekahi mau lā o ka hoomalu ana o Sevastopol. World War II mau ae la ia wale nō ka makahiki, ua paa nae ka ekolu a me ka poho o ka Soviet poʻe hao wale ma luna o kekahi alo wale Crimean paena he alahula mau. Akā, e haawi aku i kekahi kūlana enemi koa, i kekahi manaʻo - e ku mai ai i ka hope. Mākou i hoomaopopo i ka mea kuleana ke kaua, e ia no ka loa make, akā, he hopena no ia ike.

Ma ka hoomakaukau ana no ka nui poho, a me ka Wehrmacht. Ke kauoha o ka 11th Army, ma ka hou ana i ka hūnāʻia ma luna o ka outskirts o Sevastopol caiiaaaiiai noi mai ka Staff hou ekolu infantry a me kekahi mau Anati-mokulele mea kaua regiments. Mahele ekolu pakiko-propelled huahelu, he kaawale pahu battalion redeployed a me na pu ki aloha iā Naha Pōhaku kaumaha pū kali ana ma na eheu.

He nui nā makahiki ma hope, i ka wa o ka Mahele World War noiʻi summed i ka kaua i hele aku la ia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka Pale Kaua o Sevastopol o 1941-1942, ka mea, ua hoʻomaka iholaʻo ia ia i ka papakaukau pono o ka lewa a me ka mea kaua Hitler hoʻohana ma ke Kaua Honua II.

Like me ka lākiō o ka Manpower, laila, i ka hoʻomaka o ka iho, e like me ka poe akamai, ka mea, ua aneane like me ia kekahi, i ka kekahiʻaoʻao o ke alo. Akā, ma ke kauwela o 1942, ka laulā superiority o ka German koa i undisputed. Ke kuleana kīmopō ma Sevastopol hoomaka ma luna o June 7, akā, no ka aneane i ka mahina, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua mālama i ka mea e malu ai.

Ka hope hana ino mai

Kokoke i ka anai mua hebedoma o relentless confrontation, aole ia e pēlā, maha aʻela. Loa ai i loko o ka pillboxes a me na pakaua, i ka Black Sea luina huli make ia'ku - Wehrmacht koa ma luna o ka outskirts o Sevastopol ka hailona i make.

Ke kuleana kaua i loli i ka papa o ka confrontation, iloko June 17 ma ka hema kaiaulu. Ua lawe ia ka ke Kelemānia a i ke kulana, i ikeia ma ka mōʻaukala me ka "ʻaeto ka pūnana", a hiki i ka wāwae o ka mauna-breather. Ma ka manawa o ka pāpū "Stalin", i mālama i ka pale ma kaʻaoʻao kūkulu'ākau, i mua ua pio e Kelemānia koa. Ka mea, ua Mekenzievy a kiekie i loko o ko lākou mau lima. By ke ahiahi, he mau pakaua i hooholoia i ka mua, i waena o lākou i ka "Maxim Gorky-1" e like me ka mea ua kapaia e na Kelemania, me ka BB-30 o na pu ki. All North Bay hiki e ke alalai ole ma lalo o mau bombardment ma Kelemānia mea kaua. Me BB-30 e kau nei o na pu ki poho nalowale hui 'ana me ka regular Red Army, Aia ma kaʻaoʻao mua. Ua lilo i mea hiki haawi ana a me nā kilo. Akā, i ka lilo o ka mea e malu ai ke komo lima o ua nō pilikia no na kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

Hema kapakai o North Bay i paʻa 'ano ikaika o ka ino ia i loko o stride, me ka tactical aʻo, Manstein i ole kekahi. Ho'opili'o ia i ka mea nui e pale i ka lilo nui. Ma ka pō o 28 a hō'ea i ka 29 o Iune, ma kahi kokoke i nā moku e hiki'ole ai ke ho'olālā,'a'ole i'ike'ia nā'ao'ao ki'eki'e o ka 30th Corps i ke kai kū'ono a ho'omaka i ka ho'ouka. Ma ke ahiahi o June 30 Ua pio Malakoff.

Aia nā mea pale i ka hopena i nā pā kaua a me ka mea'ai, ua ho'oholo ka ke'ena nui e ho'opau i nā luna ki'eki'e a me nā luna o nā pū'ali koa o Sevastopol, a me nā waiwai waiwai o ke kūlanakauhale. 'O ka'ōlelo e pili ana i ka ho'opakele'ana i nā luina, nā koa, a me nā'eha, a me nā luna luna'ole i hele ...

'O nā hi'ohi'ona makahā o nā lilo

Ke piʻoloke kuka pomaikai ae la lakou i ka hoʻohana mokulele, mokuluu a me ka malamalama waapa i ka mea i loko o ka Black Sea'auwaʻa'āina. He 700 mau kānaka i ho'opakele'ia mai ka peninsula e ka alaka'i o luna o nā pū'ali koa,'o ka ho'olālā i hā'awi'ia ma kahi o'elua haneli mau kānaka i ka Caucasus. Ua holo aku ma kahi o nā moku māmā he mau kaukani'elima. Mai ka lā 1 o Iulai, ua pa'a loa ka pale'ana o Sevastopol. Ma kekahi mau kumu, ua lohe'ia nā kani o nā pā, akā, no ka'ano o kahi nohona. Ha'alele'ia e ke kaukauali'i, ua ho'i aku ka Militime Army i ka Cape o Chersonese, kahi'ekolu lā ma hope mai, ua pa'akikī pa'akikī ho'i ka'enemi. I ka hakakā'ole'ana, ua pepehi'ia nā tausani o nā mea palekana o ka Crimea, a ua lawe pio'ia ke koena. Ho'okumu'ia i ka ho'omana'o'ana i kēlā mau hanana, ua hā'awi'ia he medal no ka pale'ana iā Sevastopol i kekahi mau mea ola. E like me ka mea i hō'ike'ia e ke kauoha o ka po'e Kelemānia, ma Cape Khersones, ua hiki iā lākou ke hopu aku i ho'okahi mau haneli kaukani Soviet a me nā luina, akā ua hō'ole'o Manstein i kēia'ike, me kahi paha he kanahā tausani pio. Wahi a nā kumu Soviet, ua lilo ka pū'ali i 78,230 mau koa i lawe pio'ia mai ka po'e i koe. 'O ka'ike o nā mea kaua he'oko'a loa ia mai nā mea a nā Germans i hā'awi ai i kā lākou kauoha.

Me ka lilo'ana o Sevastopol, ua'ano nui loa ke kūlana o ka Red Army, a hiki i nā lā i komo ai ko mākou pū'ali koa i ke kūlanakauhale ma ke'ano he po'e lanakila. Ua hana'ia ma ka makahiki ho'omana'o o 1944, a ua nui nā mahina a me nā mile o ke kaua ma mua ...