I ka aina o ka tundra: ke ano a me ka characterization o

Tundra - he nui mokuna me kaʻoʻoleʻa aniau. He aha mea kanu e hiki ke ola i loko o kēia mau ana, ka 'ano o ka lepo uhi ka permafrost, e like me ka mea ua hoʻohana' ia i loko o ka mahiai, heluhelu i kēia 'atikala.

Description tundra

Kēiaʻano wahi ninoaaeyao he nui ?? eoi? Mai kola a hiki i ka Chukotka Peninsula. Lākou mokuna ua holoi ma ka Arctic Ocean. Tundra aniau wehewehe aku ma ka haʻahaʻa ea wela, pōkole ke kau a me ka hooilo loa a mau no ka mahina i loko o ka makahiki i ka eiwa.

ano o ka tundra anu manawa i pili ai me ka Hoʻohaku hema makani mai ka pelapela. I ke kauwela he mea i lolelua ka ino me ka pinepine a me ka ikaika northerly makani. Ka mea, e lawe mai i ka anu Snap a me ka ua nui, ka awelika makahiki helu ihoiho eha millimeters. Snow uhi lepo loa o ka makahiki, i ka elua haneri a me kanahiku lā.

He aha 'ano o ka aina ma ka tundra? Kēia ciia Ua wehewehe aku ma ka peat bog a weakly podzolic soils. A ano hiʻona o ke alo o nā wahi lepo wai. Lākou ho okumu ua pili me ka permafrost, i mea kūpono waiwai.

Russian tundra - he oo? O haʻahaʻa heluna kanaka paʻapū. He wahi 'ōiwi kanaka i: ka Nenets, Chukchi, Yakuts, Sami a me na mea e ae. Lākou mau papa hana ua herding. Description tundra mea hiki ole me ka hai ana mai i na wahi o ka hoʻouku, e like me ke gula, apatite, nepheline na mea i eliia, a oi. Alahao mai i ka mau loa aku ulu pono o ka heluna kanaka halawai. He mea pono e permafrost, a ālai 'ia' o ka hana o ke alanui.

He aha nō ka tundra?

Tundra - he maoli ele ele, e waiho nei ma kela aoao o ka akau palena o ka ulu lāʻau kanu. Ua mea me ka permafrost, i ole piha wai o na moana a me ka muliwai o ka mokuna. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka loa nui, mai ke kūkulu'ākau a hiki i ke kūkulu hema, e loli ai ka climatic olelo i loko o kona wahi. No laila,ʻo kēiaʻano o ka tundra:

• Artic. Lakou noho ana i ka mokupuni o ka ia inoa, uhi me ka limu, lichen a me ka pohihihi flowering mea kanu. Ka hope mau perennials a me ka uuku laau uuku. Eia ka mea e like me ka wilou, lāʻau nymph, i ua pinepine kapaia kuropatochey mauʻu. Perennial mauʻu wanawana i poe Polar poppy anoano, pāpaʻu sedge, kekahi kiliala a me saxifrage.
• Kuʻe Huli hoi o ka makana o ka'ākau tundra o ka pelapela a kahakai. mai ka Arctic ka mea, oko i ke kanu ana o ka wahi paa. Lepo tundra kanaiwa pakeneka uhi me ka uliuli loloa ia lichens a me mosses. Aia ka ulu ka limu. Flowering mea kanu e lilo ana i oi like. Hiki e loaʻa luzula, saxifrage a mountaineer viviparous. Of laau uuku - cranberries, blueberries, rosemary, wilou, dwarf birch.

• South Lūkini tundra, like hoʻi me'ākau, okoa ana kanu e uhi i ka lepo tiers. Ka luna lalani ua Kīwala'ō ma ka wilou, a dwarf birch, ma ka awelika - laau uuku a me ka mauu, oiai ka haʻahaʻa dominance no i lichens a me mosses.

Pehea e kanu ola i loko o hoʻohalahala ana?

Tundra aniau i puʻe wale na mea kanu, e loaʻa iā i ka ai-kapaia na manao ona. No ka laʻana, kanu ma i hoi e pana aku ai Stel crawling ma luna o ka ili o ka aina, a ua ohi i ka lau i loko o ka mākeke, hoʻohana 'ili honua ea papa. Stunted flora kōkua e ola i ka hau.

I ke kauwela i nā mea kanu e kaua ana no ka malama ana o ka ona mau, hoemi lau ka nui. Pela, ua hoemiia ka evaporating luna, a paipai 'ia ka mālama o ka loli. No ka laʻana, he ulu lāʻau nymph a Polar wilou i ko lakou mau manao maalea ma i ke ola. Ma ka underside o na mea kanu i mānoanoa pubescence, a ua ālai 'ea ana. Kēia kōkua i ka ho'ēmi i ke omoāea. Ma ka tundra ka hapanui ulu perennials. Kekahi o ia mau viviparous, 'o ia hoʻi, hua, a ua auou caiaiai anoano pu u kukui, a tubers. Mau mea kanu koke lawe na aa ona. Ua apono 'oe i ka waiwai waiwai manawa.

I ka wā o ka tundra mea nani?

Ua Ua malama palua o ka makahiki. I ka manawa mua i ka tundra mea maikai ma August. Ma maturation cloudberry tundra hoʻololi omaomao i ulaula, a laila ia e noho makaukau ia i ka hua ma luna o ka melemele. Cloudberry o ka mea hea ka mea e pili ana o ka raspberry, a pili ia i ka perennial uliuli. Kona anei i ka mea, i uhi ia me kakalaioa a me nā pua he nui hou aku. An hana hoihoi oiaio mea i ka unripe hua iʻulaʻula, a pala -ʻalani. Kupa mahalo i ka tundra cloudberries. Mai kona hua i hoolapalapaia Jam. Hua e hoʻohana i aloha `ia a me ka mahu ano.

Ka lua o ka manawa i ka nani o ka tundra olelo ma September no ka mea, ua kapaʻia ka mea gula Akuma ka keia mahina. laau lau huli yellow, mai i na mea a pau sparkles. Kēia manawa punahele Fish Pickers. tundra aina i keia manawa no laila, maikaʻi iʻaneʻi ulu Fish, a hiki i ka kiekie o ke kanaka maoli laau. He noteworthy i ka mea, i ole wormy.

gley soils

Ma hionapāʻili hai aku ka mea i kaumaha lepo: Lok , a he palolo kekahi. Situ i Ridge mauʻaʻei ka papu. Permafrost thaws i ka hohonu o ke kanalima a hiki i hoʻokahi haneri a me kanalima kenimika. i loa leached Tundra-gley soils, i mea, e loaʻa i hooholo koke wailana paʻakai a me carbonates.

Akā, ka mea, ua waiwai weathering huahana a me humus ka maʻiʻo ma ke keena moana lipolipo ua umi pakeneka. Peaty a me humus ka lepo o ka tundra komo he kanaha pakeneka humus. Kekahi mau subzones i kaiʻewaʻewa pane o soils. Ma kekahi wahi ia meaʻakika, ka mea 'ē aʻe - kānakaʻakika, a me ke kolu -'ākilikai.

lepo morphological 'ole

• Ka luna, ahu iho i keʻano o ka litter semidecomposed mosses a me lichens. Kona 'auhau mea ekolu i elima mau kenimika.
• Moana lipolipo, oia hoi o ka maka humus a compost nona iho no i ka umikumamalua mau kenimika. Kēia nā hua Lok pouli eleele a pouli oho ano me ka paapu intertwined kumu ae. ua lepo Ua loaʻa he ole mokuna a me ka mōakāka hoʻololi.
• Moana, a me ka 'auhau o ka ewalu i umikumamalua mau kenimika. Ua Ua kapaia ka illuvial. Unevenly pena kāʻei kua - eleele me ka Malama Ka a me ka lenalena uliuli-oho mau kiko. Ua loamy moana lipolipo me ka lehulehu kumu ae.
• Gleyʻalihi moana. Kona 'auhau - iwakalua a hiki i ka iwakalua-kumamalima mau kenimika. He aha 'ano o ka aina ma ka tundra? Ua loaʻa he mea eleele ano me ka bluish waihoʻoluʻu blur. I kekahi manawa, i ke kāʻei kua i nanaia ka popo mau kiko o. Kēia Lok moana lipolipo, ma ka pohihihi keia hihia - thixotropic. Kekahi humidity a me ka uuku nui o aa.
• Illuvialʻalihi moana. Kona 'auhau - he umikumamalua i umikumamalima kenimika. Pena unevenly, brownish mau kaʻao. Aia He He pouli uliuli-poʻo a me ka Malama Ka kohu. Moana lipolipo loamy, nā hua lawa, a me ka uuku nui o aa. Downstairs ike hau. Pinepine thixotropic.
• Loamy gley moana lipolipo mea pouli uliuli-oho waihoʻoluʻu. Ua na na aa koko o ka hau.

He aha ka ka kŰia o thixotropy?

He He ano kahi o ka Wetland lepo ma lalo o ÿole mechanical stress e hiki ke hoʻololi kona noho ana mai o ka h ÷-ea nā paʻi hua i ka Sureti lakou. Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua hoi mai ka'āina i kona kikokikona moku'āina. A me ka humidity ua i hoemiia. Hawaiian tundra kākaʻikahi prone i ka kŰia o thixotropy, i emi subzones, mai ka akau i ka hema. Kēia i pili i ka gley soils.

E ho ohana i tundra soils ma ka mahiai

I ka papa kuhikuhiE lala o? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o ka Arctic tundra mea he reindeer. Loa lohi, akā, ka mea, ua neʻe a me ka mahiai. Ma kekahi mau mea ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka ulu uala, cabbage, radish, carrots, turnips a me nāʻai. Hoʻokolohua wahi, a ma luna o ka moku'āina aina, a ulu kekahi mau meakanu.

? Ac? Aaioea hou'āina, lawe i ka mooolelo o ka adverse aʻe i nā auaneʻiʻoukou tundra soils. No laila, i ke kumu nui o ka hana lepo kanu nō lākou nōkahea, ho'ā hope o liluwelo keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ka hoʻoikaika 'ana aeration, hoʻopau ana i nā palapala' ole o ka hau, a oi. I ka lepo mea pono no ka mahiʻai 'ana, ka mea fertilized me manure, peat, ke aloha a me ka mea pōhaku fertilizers. Lepo tundra hopena ikea ai ka mahi loli aʻe. ʻO kahi momona a anakahi o ka emi i loko o ka permafrost. Kona hopena ma luna o ka ulu kanu ua me ka nui loa hoemiia.