Māpala o ka oi aku ka nui i loko o ka Hawaiian pńpa magmatic intrusive pohaku. I ka inoa o keia maikaʻi maoliʻia ka ukuia i kona porous-palaoa 'ole (mai ka Roma granum -. "ʻO ka palaoa ka"). Māpala pili i kaʻakika laha 'aie i ka mea i ka mea, iloko ona he nui nui o ka silikone'okikene lua - SiO2. I keia hehee ai ua komo i loko o ka māpala mekala 'åkilikai, a me ka makanekiuma, he hao a me ka kalipuna. Keia pohaku ua manaoia e lilo i kekahi o ka loa mau nō, paa a me kaʻaʻahu, kona pa apŘ like i ka 2600 kg no cubic mika. Ma keia 'atikala mākou e nānā i ka haku mele' ana o ka māpala, e like me hai aku ia oe e pili ana i ka na Mea Maluna o ka pohaku hoike aku kona waiwai a me nā 'ano.
Ke kumu o ka māpala a me ka wahi o ka hanana
Ua Ua manaoio aku ia i hana ma luna o ka lōʻihi o nā granites wā o ka 'ā ina mōʻaukala a pau ma luna o ka honua. Wale nō o ka noʻonoʻo mau breeds o ke kumu. Ka mua Hawaii i māpala ua hanaʻia e like me ka hopena o ka crystallization kaʻina magmatic hehee. E like me ka lua o ka kumumanaʻo, noʻonoʻoʻia e mākou i ka pohaku i hana ma lalo o ka aoao o ka ultrametamorphism. Ma lalo o ka aoao o ka puʻe, ka wela a me ka loli ala mai ka hohonu papa o ka honua, lawe granitisation kaʻina. A nui helu o hoʻokomo kālā o kēia kaumaha-hana pōhaku, a me ka US, China, Brazil, Scandinavia a me Ukraine. I ko kakou aupuni, eia kekahi waiwai hoʻokomo kālā o kēia maoli mea. Ua Ua loaa i kanalima māpala kiʻi, a me ka Arkhangelsk a me Voronezh wahi, e like me ka pono me ia ma ka Caucasus. Pinepine pili e aku la ka mea e hoohehee hoʻokomo kālāʻokoʻa, me ke tina, keleawe, kiniki, tungsten, molybdenum a me ke kēpau.
i ka hapa o ka māpala noonoo. Feldspar a pōaka
E like me kona constituents, kēia pōhaku no e polymineral, i ua ole haku o ka hookahi ke keʻena, akā, i kekahi mau. Kekahi o na kumu nui hehee wale i e i ka māpala mea feldspar. He He silicate mea pōhaku pae. E like me ka rula, o ka māpala ua ole e emi malalo o 50%, a laila, a pau o ka 60! Keia pohaku-ho okumu i mea pōhaku mea i loaʻa i loko o ka pōhaku i loko o ka palapala o ka potasiuma feldspar (orthoclase, adular) a me kaʻakika plagioclase (oligoclase, bytownite, Labrador, a no laila, ma luna o. D.). ʻO kekahi mea nui ke keʻena o ka māpala mea pōaka - he nui paakiki pohaku-ho okumu i mea pōhaku uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o igneous pōhaku. Kona kaʻana like 'ana mea i oi aku mamua o 30% o ka huina o ka noonoo o ka ole. Embedding ka mea nana e like mānoanoa uuku o ka vitreous. Ma ka noho maoli ana o ka pōaka mea colorless, akā, me he pohaku haku o ka māpala lawe ma luna o kekahi mau waihoʻoluʻu - melemele, a pink, ulaula, he poni, a no laila, ma luna o ..
Dark-nā pōpō nā minelala hao a me nā impurities i loko o ka haku mele 'ana o ka māpala
Ma waho pōaka a me ka feldspar, i loko o ka pōhaku heʻakika a me nā inclusions. ka mea, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO lawe i hou aku 10% o ka huina. Ua biotite, likiuma Mika, muscovite a me ka hornblende. A uuku ke ano lawe i ka mea kalaima - e like me apatite a me ka zircon, a'ākilikai nā minelala hao - tourmaline, garnet a me ka topazo. Pela, ua hookolokolo aku la ia i ka haku mele 'ana o ka māpala. Noaia wehewehe i ka walaʻauʻana eiiiiiaiou o keia maoli mea.
ano o ka māpala
Ke kaumaha ma muli o nā 'ano o ka mea pōhaku a me ka Nine Inch haku mele' ana o ka māpala, pohala aku ai i kekahi o konaʻano likeʻole. Kekahi aoao o ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka pakeneka o plagioclase i loko o ka pōhaku. ʻO kēia mau 'ano o ka māpala:
- mekala 'åkilikai feldspar (emi o 10% plagioclase);
- māpala ia (mai 10% e 65% plagioclase);
- granodiorite (mai 65% e 90% plagioclase);
- Tonalite (ma 90% plagioclase).
Eia hou, i ka pakeneka o ka feldspar, e like me ke kumu no ka hanohano nō hoʻi ma waena o ke ano o ka pohaku ia ma lalo o noonoo i ka maʻiʻo o ka nīnūnē mafic nā minelala hao. E like me ia i kēia Mea Maluna, hoomaopopo i na? Ueo Kamakawiwoʻole: Alaska - māpala,ʻaʻole me ka pouli-i nā pōpō metala a me ka leykogranit - me ka haʻahaʻa ka maʻiʻo o ia. Two-Mika māpala - mea, he okoa na feldspar a me ka pōaka, muscovite a me ka biotite, a me kekahi mau ka'ākilikai aegerine a me ka amphibole.
Mall hiʻona o ka ole
Aia o kekahi Mea Maluna me ka nānā 'ana ma mall a me textural hiʻona o ka olelo mai pōhaku. Advantageously, māpala he granular aniani 'ole, akā, i kekahi manawa ia porphyry. I ka 'āina o ka papakaukau mea papa, e hanaʻia ma ke anuanu maila' o ka pelemaka. Aie i ka mea i ka mea, ahau ke unevenly māpala ua hana me he okoa 'ole, a me ke olona a me ka lohi loa. Eia kekahi laʻana o ka mea hope i kapaia māpala porphyry. An kumu māpala porphyry pōhaku rapakivi e e lohi 'ole (Finland). He mea inclusions o orthoclase ka nui o ka moa o ka hua.
'ia nā pōpō māpala
ʻO nā minelala hao i e i ka māpala i ke pena ma luna o nā pōhaku i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ke komo'ōniʻoniʻo nona. E like me ka rula, ka mea hoʻoholo i ke ano o ka pohaku orthoclase. Ka loa, he pono ole ka i ka malamalama oho waihoʻoluʻu. Ma Rusia, hoʻomano hoʻolahaʻia nāʻulaʻula. Ka mea pōhaku haku mele 'ana o ka māpala me ka aahu ana i nā pōpō i komo feldspar ka hematite nā pōaka, a - hao'okesaside. Ka mea, e haawi aku i ka pohaku i kekahi koko-ulaula hue. Nō hoʻi ma nā pōhaku he lenalena, uliuli a me ka a pink waihoʻoluʻu. Emerald hue ole ke launa i ka aie i ka uliuli potasiuma feldspar - amazonite. I kekahi manawa, loaʻa māpala hana iridescent waihoʻoluʻu. Ua lŘlŘ manawa e feldspar, ai iridescence. Pinepine ka mea, ua oligoclase a labradorite haawi aku i ka nani iridescent shimmer, o ka oi aku kekahi 'wā huli pohaku. Eia ka mea, he hoihoi 'mea, māpala.
I ka haku mele 'ana a me ka waiwai o ka pōhaku
Kēia maoli mea i ka puu o ka nui hiʻona e e ia irreplaceable i loko o nā hana, ka oi aku ma ka hana oihana puolo. Mua, māpala mea mau nō. Ua hiki ke malama i ka lōʻihi manawa oiai ka malama ana kona kikokikona helehelena. I kekahi manawa ka mea, ua kapaia e na kanaka "pohaku mau loa," a me ka mea a pau, no ka loa he wahi i lilo aku ma luna o nā kenekulia. Ka lua, ua lako i ka ikaika like kiʻekiʻe. Products i o ia mea,ʻaʻole malalo e komo. Pōaka - he mea pōhaku haku o ka māpala - i kēia pōhaku mea, no ka ikaika i ka wā e hoʻokō 'ua, wili aʻoki ka hoʻohana' ana i ka pahiolo me ka kūikawā daimana ka penaʻana. Apana, kekahi o ka loa nui waiwai o ka māpala o kona ia'ku i kekahi? Aneie ololi, a me nāʻakika. Ua 'Aʻole e koi lapaau a me ka palekana, mai keʻano o ka oxidative a me physical' ole. Wale i ke anawela ma luna o 600 degere,ʻo ia e hoʻololi i ka 'ole paha ńlua. Fourthly, māpala mea hoʻopale i ka ona mau, ia meaʻaneʻane watertight, 'aʻole i ka hoʻokemu ka wai a me ka ua i lalo i ka hoʻololi iho ma muli o ke kimu. No ka kenekulia, na hale a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i i ka māpala hiki aua kona kikokikona helehelena. A eia ka mea hope, i ka liʻiliʻi loa, i māpala mea noho malie hoi. He mea pono maluhia no kānaka. A pau i kēia mau waiwai e ka noʻonoʻo pohaku waiwai haleʻia.
Ka hoʻohana o māpala
I aku la o pohaku ua hoʻomano hoʻohana no ka kūkuluʻia a me ka papa lepo pili, e like me ka mea mau nō, hoʻopale i? Aneie ololi a me kuikawā mea paʻa. Aie i ka ia'ku e abrasion a me ka mīkini'opihia, ka mea, ua pinepine ia ma na, a mawaho mea hoʻonani. Māpala mea nui hoʻopale i ka mea hoʻohaumia, no laila ka mea, ua pinepine ia i loko o ka hana o handrails, alapiʻi, kolamu, countertops, window sills, ka hoaka o counters. Pinepine me ka māpala kapuahi a me na punawai i i, no ka mea, ua hoʻopale i ka wela loli, a, a me ke omo o ka ona mau. Ka paia waho o kēia ole e pinepine hoʻohana me heʻalo maila nō lākou, masonry a hale mea. ālai 'māpala pohaku hohola sidewalks, alanui a me na alahaka pinepine iʻoki? aeia, quays alanui, a me nā mika pāhoʻonui lua. I ka māpala pa, hoʻokoe iho i pā, ka mea, Ua wehi i ka facades a me nā pā o ka hale. A no keia ole hiki ke hoʻohana i ka laulāʻano o ke komo'ōniʻoniʻo nona. Ma Rusia, ka loa mau hoʻohana 'ia i poʻo, keʻokeʻo, a me ka ulaula iʻeleʻeleʻano likeʻole. Eia naʻe, i ka pōʻalo a me ka aaioee o igneous pōhaku mea paʻakikī a me ka kumukuai nui, nae, i kēia mea ponoʻole hoʻohana no ka hana ana iʻike mau hale. Ua Uaʻano nui hoʻohana no ka mea hoʻonani ana i nä mea like me ka nui kuhikuhipuʻuone waiwai.
Kuhikuhipuʻuone kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka māpala
Hope kupono wili māpala ili i ke aniani, oiai hōʻikeʻana a me ka paka i malamalama na kukuna. No laila, i ka pohaku oi loa waiwai, a kilakila, ka mea hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ka hana o ka monumental sculptures a me kuhikuhipuʻuone mele. An laʻana o ka nani, a me ka hiehie mea paʻa o ka māpala ke hana kia hoʻomanaʻo i, Historic hale a me nā hale i kukulu ia ma na kauhale, a me loko o Rusia. Kekahi māpala kanu'ōiwi nā mea a pau grandeur a me ka monumentality, ma ko ka manao ana o kona mana a me ka nani.