I ka manawa hea i hana'ia ai ke kālai wa'a? Ka moolelo o canning

'O ka hapanui o mākou e'ai mau i nā mea'ai i hiki i ka pahu kēni, kekahi'oi a'e, kekahi'u'uku. A'a'ohe kanaka e no'ono'o pehea, a pehea i mua o ka hana'ana o nā kānaka me nā hua like'ole, pehea lākou i lako ai no ka ho'oilo. He aha ka mea e hiki ke ho'ololi, no ka mea hea nā hana e hana'ole ai ke kauwela? Ma kēia'atikala e ho'ā'o mākou e ho'omaopopo i kēia mau mea a pau. A e ho'omaka kākou mai ka'ike e pili ana i ka manawa i hana'ia ai ke kāhili, pehea i a'o ai kekahi kanaka e mālama i ka'i'o, nā mea kanu, nā hua, nā mea inu no ka manawa lō'ihi.

He aha ka hana?

Loa'a ka loa'a'ana o nā mea e hiki ai i nā kānaka ke mālama i nā huahana, a ma ka manawa lō'ihi, ua ho'oholo maika'i'ia kēia pilikia me ka'ole. I kēia manawa,'ano iki iki nā kānaka - e mālama i nā huahana i mea e pili kokoke ai i ka'āina. No laila,'o nā hana kūikawā a pau e ho'olaha ai i kēia, ua kapa'ia'o canning.

Ma muli o kēia huahana, hiki ke mālama i nā'ano kūlohelohe o nā huahana. 'O ka'oia'i'o,'o ka hua'ōlelo "canning" - mai ka hua'ōlelo Latin a unuhi'ia'o ia'o "mālama". Ho'onohonoho'ia kēia hana ma ka hō'ike'enekema. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, he aha ka hana i ho'omalu'ia? No ka ho'okahuli i nā'ōnaeho'ike'ike e ho'opau ai i nā mea'ai - nā mea ha'akai, nā miki, a me nā mea'ike'ole'ia - nā mea ho'omake lese a me ka bacteria. Ua ho'okumu ka mea'epekema French,'o Louis Pasteur, i ke kahua no ka luku'ana iā lākou. 'O ia ke kumu i kapa'ia ai ka sterilization ma kahi ki'eki'e o ka mahana a he pasteurization.

'O nā ho'ohālike mua loa, e like me nā mea i kēia manawa

Akā, inā mana'o'oe ua loa'a iā'oe ka pane i ka nīnau o ka manawa i hana'ia ai ke kōna'i, ua hewa'oe. Pasteur - i ke kanaka mua i kokoke hoʻohana iaoia o ka malama. 'O Nicholas Uppert kēia. Ua mālama'o ia i nā ho'okolohua e mālama i nā huahana ma nā pahu kōlehu, i kēlā manawa - ka pi. I loko o ka baila lākou i waiho ai i kahi mea e mālama ai a ho'omehana ai i ka mahu a me ka wai wela. Ua pau ka ea i loko o kahi lua li'ili'i a ua sila koke'ia.

Mahalo i ka paila me nā pa'akai, pi'i ka mahana i 135 ki'eki'e. I ka wā ma mua, ua'ike nā kānaka i nā kumu o ka ho'ololi'ana i nā huahana, ka nui o ka metabolism a ua a'o'ia e ho'ohui i nā mea hana ma'alahi, ka mea e hiki ai iā'oe ke mālama i nā mea kanu a me nā hua.

Ka mālama'ana i ka wā kahiko

Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka wā hea i hana'ia ai ka hana'ana? Hiki ke ho'omaopopo'ia kahi lā hānau i ka lā o ka wehe'ana o ka pūkoi mua - ua hana'ia kēia ma'Enelani ma ka lā 3 o Kepakemapa, 1812. Ua'ike'ia ka'enehana i Falani ma 1809. Aka, no ka hoihoi, ua ike ia na mea huna o keia hana no na makahiki he nui. I hanaʻeliʻana i loko oʻAigupita, ia ia i ike i ka halekupapau o Tutankhamen, ua loaʻa i ka loa mua canned i loko o ke ao nei. He mau le'ale'a lākou i kālua'ia a kau'ia i loko o ka pā lepo e'elua mau hahao i ka hamo, he ko'i'aila'aila. Ua hala aku'ekolu mau makahiki, akā,'a'ole i nalowale, ua noho kūpono'ia no ka'ai'ana.

'A'ole i pilikia nā kānaka, akā ua'ai nā'īlio me ka'olu'olu. I ke kenekulia i hala, ma ka USA, ua nui loa ka mea kahiko (ua haku'ia kēia manawa ma ke'ano) i "loa'a nā mea hiki ke loa'a." Ma ka hohonu o ka hoʻokahi haneri mika, ia n oaa ka tunnel, kanaka he aniani moakaka ahu iho la ka pōhaku paakai. A'ike akula ia i kekahi i'a i'a malo'o! Ua palupalu lākou, a he kūpono paha, akā, i loko o ka ea e lele koke. 'O ko lākou mau makahiki he'oi aku i nā makahiki he'umi tausani. Pane i ka nīnau i ka wā i hana'ia ai ke kāhili, hiki i nā India ho'i mai'Amelika Hema. I ka makahiki XVII,'ōwili'ia ka'i'o i ka lepo, ho'opili'ia me nā mea'ala like'ole a me ka pilikia'ole o nā malama'eono i loko o nā'eke'ili. I ka manawa like, ua pa'a mua nā po'e i nā'enehana o ka ho'oulu'ana, ka puhi a me ka malo'o'ana.

'O nā kī'ahi pēlā e like me ke noi i ka ulu'ana o canning

No ka loa'a'ana o ka pane i ka nīnau o ka manawa e hana'ia ai ke kāhili, pono e ho'omaopopo kekahi i ka mea e holomua ai i ka ulu'ana. Ho'okahi o ia mea i hana'ia e Peter Durand, he mea hana Pelekāne,'o kahi kēne. Mahalo i kona'ano kaulike a me ka māmā maoli, ua hiki ke halihali'ana i ka lako, a ho'omaka'ia ka ho'omaka'ana o nā mea i hiki ke hā'awi'ia i nā koleti Beritania. 'Oiai, hiki iā'oe ke wehe i kēlā mau'auwai no kahi manawa lō'ihi wale nō me ke kōkua'ana o kahi kapi a me ka hāmare. A laila ua palekana ka pāpale, a ua lahilahi ke kiko.

Eia hoi, i ka 1860, invented ka hiki opener, a ma ka waenakonu o ka iwakalua kenekulia - he lunaʻenehana, mai ka United States, Erma Frazee, hele mai me ke kī mau kapa a pau. Ke impetus no ka mea ua ke kulana, ka wāʻo ia a me kona mau hoa hele i ka nahele no ka Picnic a me ka loaa ana i ka kūikawā pahi no Aluminum la e hiki ai , i kekahi i. 'A'ole i kū mālie ka holomua,'ānō ua hiki i ka pahi i kūkulu'ia ke'oki'oki i nā mea o loko o ka pahu.

'O Canning ma Russia

A i ka manawa hea i hiki ai ke hana kope i Russia? 'O ka pololei loa, i ka manawa hea i hiki ai i ko mākou mau'āina? I ka makahiki 1763, i ka ho'olālā'ana i kahi huaka'i i nā wahi pola, ua kauoha ka mea'epekema'o Mikhail Lomonosov i kona mau kōkua no ka malo malo'o me nā mea'ala. Ho'onohonoho'ia a me waho'ole nā mea'ala, ho'okahi a me ka hapa poods o kekahi a'o kekahi.

Ua ho'oku'u'ia ka papahana mea'ai i hana mua'ia i ko mākou'āina 58 mau makahiki ma hope aku ma Europa (1870). No nā mea e pono ai ka pū'ali koa ma St. Petersburg, nā'aha me ka'ōle'ele, ka mūmū, ka manu, ka'i'o me ka pua, nā pipi li'ili'i i hana'ia. Ua ho'okomo'ia ka i'a i'a i ka papahana no ka lehulehu.

Ma hope o ka manawa, ua lilo ka Soviet Union i alaka'i i ka hana'ana i nā mea'ai. Eia kekahi,'a'ole wale ka mea i loa'a i ka nui o nā huahana (ho'okahi wale nō mea kanu Moscow i hana i 100 miliona mau cans i ka makahiki), akā i ka'oi aku o ka nui. Hoi i noonoo ai - kahi o ewalu ano o nā huahana mai ka hua, lau, ka iʻa a me ka canned ka ai, wai. A,'oia'i'o, ua'ike mākou a pau e hiki ai ke ho'ololi i ka ho'oilo, ma nā pae a pau, aia ma ko mākou'āina he lio i kēlā mau lā.

'O ka mea'ai nui loa o ka Soviet Union

E ho'omana'o ana paha ka hapanui o'oukou i kēlā mau manawa i ka manawa ma luna o nā waihona o ke kelepa nui he mau pūkā kekā me nā mea'ai. Ke ho'omana'o nei'oe i ka mea nui loa? 'O ke kūpono - sprats ma nā'ōmato. He mea'oko'a loa nā recipes of canning her. E like me ke kumukū'ai - 33-35 keneta o kēlā pahu, kahi wale nō i hā'awi'ia i ka kaulana.

Mai hea mai nei? Ua hopu'ia nā kī ke Kilk i ke kai, ma luna o ka moku o ke kāpena ua pa'i koke'ia a ho'ouna koke'ia i ka lā'au. A ma laila e kāpīpī'ia me ka palaoa, kāpī'ia i ka'aila'aila, a wela i ka'ōpū. Ho'opili nā mea hana i ka mea kanu i nā mea kanu i nā kōmole a ninini i kahi kōpana li'ili'i o ka'ōmakai.

Ho'omākaukau hou no ka canning

He aha ka mana'o mālama? I keia manawa, he ano okoa. 'O nā mea i kākau'ia no ka canning, penei: ka pihi, ka pi'o, ka'au'ana, ka'aila me ka sukake. Inā'oe e ho'omākaukau i nā hua o ka home, nā hua'ona a me nā hua me kou mau lima pono'ī, a laila, e'ike'oe, e lilo ana i mea maika'i, maika'i, a'oi aku ka maika'i ma mua o kēlā me kēia hanana ana.

Inā'oe wale nō e koho ai'oe i nā kumu kumuhana,'o ia ho'i e'oi a'e ka maika'i. A no ka mea,'a'ole'oe e ho'ohana i nā mea mālama ho'omalu'ole e pono'ole ai kou olakino. A mālama'oe e like me: i ke ana wela, ma kahi lumi pōwehiwehi, me ka loa'a'ole o nā kukuna lā. No laila, inā'a'ole'oe e palaualelo a hana ikaika i ke kauwela a me ka'auwai, e ho'olako i ka'ohana holo'oko'a no ka ho'oilo me kahi hua'ai hua'ai piha loa!