Ka Anahonua, mai ka mōʻaukala: na luna o ka White neʻe

I ke kaua kūloko e ku ei ka Bolsheviks poe heʻano o nā koa. Ka mea, ua i nā Cossacks, nationalists, democrats, monarchists. A pau o ia mau mea, hoʻowahāwahā lākou oko ao, he i ka White hihia. Luku aku, me nā luna o ka Anati-Soviet koa kekahi mea i make, a hiki ke emigrate.

Alexander Kolchak

Oiai e kū'ē'ē ana i ka Bolsheviks i ole lilo loa ana cohesive, o Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak (1874-1920) ua noʻonoʻoʻia he nui moʻolelo i ka papa kuhikuhiE huahelu o ka White neʻeʻana. He ua i ka 'oihana koa, a ua hookauwa aku i loko o ka Moana. Ma peacetime, Kolchak lilo kaulana me ka PolarʻImi Loa a me nä känaka 'epekema-oceanographer.

Like nā 'oihana koa, Aleksandr Vasilevich Kolchak ua he waiwai ka hoao ana i ka Japanese kai eʻe a me ka First World War. Me ka Hekikai o ke Aupuni Kuikawa, oia pokole neʻe i ke USA. A hiki aku i ka lono i hele mai, mai ka'āina mai o ka Bolshevik kipi, Kolchak hoi i Rusia.

Adimarala i hiki ai i loko o ka Siberian Omsk, ma ka M. aupuni ua i kona kaua lawelawe. I ka 1918, na luna i ka coup, a 'o ia Kolchak kiekie luna o Rusia. Other alakaʻi o ka White neʻeʻana i ole uluhia ia i ka nui ikaika me Alexander (i loko o kona wahi e noho ai i ka 150,000th koa).

Ma ka ?? eoi? Hoi malalo o ko Kolchak hoihoi i nā kānāwai o ka Russian aupuni a pau. Neʻe mai Siberia a hiki i ke komohana, i ka Aha Kiaaina o Rusia ka poʻe kaua nui i ka Volga. Ma ka piko o kona pomaikai i kokoke i ka keʻokeʻo Kazan. Kolchak ho'āʻo e huki ma i ka nui i hiki na koa Bolsheviks, Denikin ae hoomaemae loa oia i ke alanui a hiki i Moscow.

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 1919, i ka Army Red a hemo i ka papakaukau hoouka. White hope aku i Siberia. Na allies (Czechoslovak neo? Aaiiai?) I holo ma luna o ka huakaʻi, hikina Kolchak SRs. Adimarala pana ma Irkutsk ma Pepeluali 1920.

Anton Denikin

Inā ma ka hikina o Rusia alakaʻi i ka White Army Kolchak laila ua ma ka hema o ke kī koa alakaʻi no ka lōʻihi manawa ua Anton Ivanovich Denikin (1872-1947). Hânau 'ia i loko o Poland, hele aku la ia i ka noiʻi i loko o ke poʻo, a lilo iho la ia i kookoo luna.

Denikin, a laila, i mālama ai ma luna o ka mokuna me Austria. First World War ia i lilo i ka poe koa Brusilov, komo i loko o ka breakout kaulana, a ana ma Galicia. Na wahi aupuni iki i Anton Ivanovich luna o ke Komohana Hema Front. Denikin kākoʻo Kornilov kipi. Ma hope iho o ka ole o ka coup, Lutanela-General i komo hoopaaia (Bykhov noho).

Noa i loko o November 1917, hoomaka ae la oia e kākoʻo Denikin White mea. oia i hana pu me ka pūkaua Kornilov a me Alexeyev (a laila, hookahi-handedly alakaʻi) manawaleʻai Army, a lilo iho la ia i ka iwi kuamoo o ka ia'ku a hiki i ka Bolsheviks ma ka hema o Rusia. He ka pili Denikin ka Entente mana, hai aku la ke kaua ma luna o ka Soviet? Eia ma hope o ka malu kaʻawale me Germany.

Kekahi manawa Denikin clashed me ka Don Ataman Petrom Krasnovym. Ma lalo o puʻe mai na allies hoolohe Anton Ivanovich. Ma Ianuali 1919, Denikin lilo luna koa VSYUR - na puali koa o Hawaiian Rusia. Kona poe koa i hooakea ai i ka Bolsheviks Kuban, Don wahi, Tsarina, Donbass, Kharkiv. Denikin ka kūpono 'bogged ia i loko o Central Rusia.

VSYUR aku la lakou ma Novocherkassk. Denikin neʻe mai laila aku a hiki i ka Crimea, kahi ma April 1920 ma lalo o ka manaʻo koikoi o na hoa paio hoololiia kona mana i Petru Vrangelyu. Kēia i ukali ia e ka holo i Europa. Emigration General palapala iho la i ka memoir, "(essay) ma Lūkini pilikia", i loko o ka mea ana i ho'āʻo i ka pane i ka ninau o ke kumu i ka hee White neʻeʻana. I ke kaua kivila, Anton Ivanovich vinyl wale nō Bolsheviks. He hoole e kākoʻo Hitler a nema aku collaborators. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka Apana Reich Denikin Ua UAIAaIN ma ka wahi o ka noho, a hoʻoneʻe i ka US, kahi i make ai i ka makahiki 1947,.

Lavr Kornilov

Ke hoʻokuhikuhi o ka ole coup Lavr Georgievich Kornilov (1870-1918) Ua hānauʻia i loko o ka Cossack ohana o ka luna, i hoʻoholo ihola i kona mau koa 'oihana. E like me ka manao luna,ʻo ia i mālama ai i loko o Peresia, Afghanistan, a me India. I ke kaua,ʻo ia i pio ma ka Austrians, ka luna holo ka hale.

Initially Lavr Georgievich Kornilov makani hoʻi wahi aupuni. I ka papa kuhikuhiE poe enemi o Rusia, alaila, manao ae o ka hema. E like me he koiʻo o ka mana ikaika, hoomaka ae la oia e hoomakaukau i ka palapala kue Anati-aupuni. Kona hele ana ma Petrograd pilikia. Kornilov a me kona mau poʻe kākoʻo i ua hopu.

Me ka hoouka kaua ana o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, ka luna i hookuu. He lilo ka mua luna o ka hana manawaleʻa Army ma ka hema o Rusia. Ma Pepeluali 1918, Kornilov hoʻolālā i ka First Kuban (Ice) trek i Yekaterinodar. Keia hana ua lilo kaʻao. na luna a pau o ka White neʻeʻana i loko o ka wā e hiki mai ho'āʻo e e paionia '. Kornilov Ua tragically pepehi i ka shelling Ekaterinodar.

Nikolai Yudenich

General Nikolai Nikolayevich Yudenich (1862-1933) i kekahi o ka loa holomua Lūkini pūkaua i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i Germany a me kona allies. He alakaʻi ka kookoo o ka Haole Army i kona kaua ana me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Once ma ka mana, Kerensky hoouna aku i kekahi luna, e haʻalele.

Me ka hoouka kaua ana o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana, Nikolay Nikolaevich Yudenich, oiai e noho illegally ma Petrograd. I kakahiaka nui 1919, neʻe hoʻohana palapala forged i Finland. Halawai ma Helsinki Russian Komite i haʻi mai iā ia i poʻokela.

Yudenich hookupaaia kamaʻilio me Aleksandrom Kolchakom. I kahi kūlike o kā lākou mau hana me ka Adimarala, Nikolai ho'āʻo unsuccessfully e enlist i ke kākoʻo mai o ka Entente a me Mannerheim. I ke kauwela o 1919, oia loaa i ka waihona kālā o ke Kuhina o Kaua ma ka ai-kapaia North-Western aupuni i hanaʻia i loko o mau maka.

Ma ka Akuma ka o Yudenich i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka hele ana ma luna o Petrograd. Holo nōhie, ka White neʻeʻana i loko o ke Kanawai War hana ma luna o nā outskirts o ka aina. Yudenich ka poe koa, i ka mea ku ole, hoao e hookuuia ke kapikala (i ka hopena o ka Bolshevik aupuni neʻe i Moscow). Ua i Tsarskoye Selo, Gatchina, a hiki i ka Pulkovo kiekie. Trotsky ua hiki ke hoolilo ia e hoino aku i Petrograd kilo ma mua o kā ko lākou aʻo nō a pau, e loaaʻi ka hopu ana i ke kulanakauhale keʻokeʻo.

Ma ka pau ana o ka 1919 aku la Yudenich Estonia. A mau mahina ma hope oia emigrated. No kekahi manawa ka kekahi mau lilo ma London, kahi āna i kipa e Winston Churchill. Svyknuvshis make, Yudenich noho ana ma Farani, a hele aku, mai kālai'āina. I ka makahiki 1933, make aku la ia ma Cannes mai pulmonary tuberculosis.

Alexey Kaledin

I ka wā o ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana wawahi mai, Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin (1861-1918) ua he chieftain o ka Don hao wale. Ma keia wahi ia i koho i kekahi mau mahina ma mua o nā hanana ma Petrograd. Ke Cossack kūlanakauhale, kuhikuhi ma Rostov, ua ikaika walohia no ka Socialists. Ataman, ma ka Akä, ike aku la i ka Bolshevik kipi o ka hewa. Loaa pīhoihoi ihola ko lākou kūkala nūhou mai Petrograd, oia i pepehi i ka Soviets i loko o ka Don puali.

Aleksey Maksimovich Kaledin hoʻohana mai Novocherkassk. I Nowemapa, hele mai la kekahi keʻokeʻo mau - Mikhail Alekseev. Ia manawa, i ka Cossacks i loko o kona mau paona fluctuated. He nui nō maluhiluhi o na veterans kaua vividly ia i ka Bolshevik slogans. 'Ē aʻe no ia Lenin ka aupuni'ākilikai. Me ka manaʻoe hōʻeha i nā socialists i ole ua hoano eʻaneʻane, aole.

Losing manaolana e reconnect me ka hookahuli ana i ke Aupuni Kuikawa, Kaledin hele i drasticʻanuʻu. He hai aku i ke kuokoa o ke Don kaua. Ma muli o ia keia kipi Rostov Bolsheviks. Ataman, a me kākoʻo, mai Alekseeva, oia uhi pū i ka olelo. Ma Don Ua hoʻokahe mua koko.

I ka pau ana o 1917 Kaledin i ka hele-mua no ka hanaia'na o ka Anati-Bolshevik hana manawaleʻa Army. Ma Rostov iʻikeʻia nā laua koa. Ma ka kekahi lima, ka mea, ua ka keʻokeʻo hana manawaleʻa Army pūkaua, ma ka 'ē aʻe - ka kūloko Cossacks. Recent oi kōkua aloha i ka Bolsheviks. I Dekemaba, i ka Army Red ku i ka Donbas a me Taganrog. Cossack naehana, ia manawa, pau decomposed. Kona hoʻomaopopo i kona iho subordinates mai i makemake i ke kaua aku i ka Soviet mana, Ataman ua he pepehi anaʻia iā iho.

ataman Krasnov

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Kaledin Cossack lōʻihi a makemake me ka Bolsheviks. I ka wā o ka Don Soviet mana i hoʻokūpaʻa, i nehinei ka alo-laina koa koke mai i ka inaina ulaula. Mua i loko o May 1918, he kipi wawahi mai i loko o ka Don.

Hou Ataman o ka Don Cossacks ua Peter Krasnov (1869-1947). Iloko o ke kaua me Kelemania, a Austria,ʻo ia, e like he nui 'ē aʻe keʻokeʻo pūkaua nui ka poe i komo i loko o ke kaulana Brusilov Ua Hopu. I ka Bolsheviks koa mauʻia me kaʻaumakua. Ua ua ia i ka mea ma luna o nā kauoha o Kerensky ho'āʻo e hoʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai kākoʻo o Lenin Petrograd, i ka wa a ka Okatoba kipi pono, a hooko aku. Small ikaika Krasnov noho Tsarskoye Selo, a Gatchina, akā koke hoʻopuni ka Bolsheviks a disarmed aku la ia ia.

Ma hope iho o ka holo pono mua o Peter Krasnov ua hiki ke neʻe i ke Don. Lilo Anati-Soviet Cossack chieftain, oia hōʻole e hoolohe i ka Denikin, a ho'āʻo e alualu i kūʻokoʻaʻikepili. Ma kekahi, Krasnov ua hookupaaia ka pili aloha me na kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

Wale i ka wa a lakou i hai i ka hoihoi, kaʻawale Ataman hoolohe Denikin ma Pelelina. He Alihikaua Nui la o ka hana manawaleʻa Armyʻaʻole lōʻihi tolerate he dubious Ally. Ma Pepeluali 1919, ma lalo o puʻe mai Krasnov Denikin hele aku la ia i Yudenich poe koa ma Estonia. Mai laila aku oia i emigrated iʻEulopa.

E like me ka nui o na luna o ka White neʻeʻana, i loko o ke pio, he mua Cossack Ataman eia aʻe e pili ana i ka rematch. Inaina o ka Bolsheviks kipaku aku la ia ia ia Hitler ka kākoʻo. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i Krasnov poo o ka Cossacks i loko o ka E kuai oukou Lūkini nā panalāʻau e. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka Apana Reich, ka Beritania puka Pyotr Nikolayevich USSR. Ma ka Soviet Unionʻo ia i ho'āʻo a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. Krasnov i hana.

Ivan Romanovsky

Warlord Ivan Pavlovich Romanovsky (1877-1920) a hiki i ke aliʻi ka'āina i kekahi i komo i loko o ke kaua me Iapana a me Germany. I ka 1917, ua kākoʻo i ka māmala'ōlelo Kornilov a me Denikin i lawelawe ana me ka hopu ia ana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Bykhov. Ma hope o neʻe maila i ke Don, Romanovsky komo i loko o ke kahua o ka mea mua i hoʻonohonoho 'Anati-Bolshevik koa.

Ua kohoia General Denikin hope, a kākoʻo i kona kookoo. Ua Ua manaoio ia Romanovsky i ma luna o kona aʻa Makehewa he nui hopena. Ke kauoha Denikin a hiki inoa Ivan Pavlovich kona hope i loko o ka hanana o ka make unexpected.

No ka mea, o ko lākou directness Romanovsky ma paʻewa a me na mea he nui nā koa luna ma Dobrarmii, a laila, i loko o VSYUR. White neʻeʻana i loko o Rusia no ia ia ambiguously. A lohe o Denikin, Wrangel hakahaka, Romanovsky haʻalele nā mea a pau i ko lakou mau pou, a hoi aku la i Kou. Ma ka ia kulanakauhale ia i make Lutanela Mstislavom Haruzinym. Poʻe, ua mālama i loko o ka White Army, wehewehe i kona hana ma ka mea e vinyl Romanovsky VSYUR i make i loko o ke kaua kūloko.

Sergei Markov

Ka hana manawaleʻa Army Sergey Leonidovich Markov (1878-1918) lilo i cult meʻe. Ua kapaʻia kona inoa regiment a me nā pōpō kaua. Mark la ia mea i kona tactical tālena, a me ko lakou mau koa, aʻo ia nō ia i loko o nā kaua me ka Red Army. Nā lālā o ka White neʻeʻana me ka mau trepidation hana i ka hoomanao ana o keia mau.

Koa Kawaihae Markov i ke aliʻi au ua typical o ka laila makai. He komo i loko o ka Japanese kai eʻe. Ma ka German alo, kauoha mai la oia i ka rifle regiment, a laila, lilo ae la ke poo o na koʻokoʻo o kekahi mau fronts. I ke kauwela o 1917 Markov kākoʻo Kornilov, a pu a me nā wā e hiki mai White ke 'ano laulā ma lalo o hopu ma Bykhov.

I ka hoomaka ana o ke kaua kūloko, hoʻoneʻe i ke koa a hiki i ka aoao hema o Rusia. He ua He lâlâ hoʻi hoʻokumu o ka hana manawaleʻa Army. Markov i kekahi makana nui i ka mea keʻokeʻo mea i loko o ka Ice March. Ma ka po o Aperila 16, 1918 oia ua me he uuku pūʻulu o nāʻaʻa i Medvedovku - he nui alahao noaioee, ma nāʻaʻa i luku ai i ka Soviet kapa kila huakaʻi, a laila puka mai ai o ka encirclement, a hele aku la mai ka hoomaau. kaua hopena ua i ka hoola ana o ko Denikin ka poe koa, ua pono i ka pomaikai ole oe hoao Ekaterinodar, a ma ka lihi o ke pio.

Markova mama i aku la ia ia i meʻe i keʻokeʻo, a me ka hoohiki enemi no ka Reds. Mau mahina ma hope, i ka loea Kuhina i loko o ka Kuban no nā mahele. Around kulanakauhale Shablievki halawai kekahi me ka oi koa o ka enemi. Ma kekahi fateful koke no oe ia oe iho Markov uaʻikeʻia i loko o ka wehe, kahi e ua lako pono i ke kilo wahi. E like me ke kulana o ke ahi i wehe mai i ka Red Army kapa kila nalowale. Near Sergey Leonidovich grenade exploded, a kena ae la ia ia i ka make eha. A mau hola ma hope, June 26, 1918, ke koa i make.

Petr Vrangel

Petr Nikolaevich Vrangel (1878-1928), iʻikeʻia e like me ka Black Baron, i hele mai, mai ke aliʻi ohana, a he aa e pili ana me ka Baltic kēia kanaka Kelemānia. Mamua o lilo i ke koa, ka mea loaa i ka hana 'enekinia hoʻonaʻauao. Noha oihana koa hana, aka, hiki kana, a me Petero, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma ka trooper hele.

Debut kai eʻe Wrangel i ke kaua me Japan. Iloko o ka First World, ia i malamaia ma ka Holo Malie kiai. Kūlana mau hoʻomanaʻo, no ka hana i loko o ia ka pio Kelemānia o na pu ki. Once ma ka hema-komohana mua, i ka luna i loko o ke kaulana Brusilov Ua Hopu kauwahi.

Iloko o ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana Petro Koi e hoouna aku kaua i Petrograd. I loko o keia wahi Aupuni, e wehe i mai ia ia, mai ka hana. Black Baron hoʻoneʻe i ka dacha i loko o ka Crimea, kahi āna i hopu ia ma ka Bolsheviks. Alii e hoʻokele i ola wale nō i ke aloha i na entreaties o kana wahine.

Like no ka aristocrat a me ka poʻe kākoʻo iā ia o ke aupuni mō'ī, no ka Wrangel White manaʻo ua uncontested kulana ma ke Kanawai War. He hui Denikin. Koa luna i mālama ai i loko o ka Haole Army, alakai aku i ka hopu ana o Tsaritsyn. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka White Army i ka hele ana ma Moscow Wrangel hoomaka ae la e nema aku ana i kona aʻa Makehewa Denikin. Ke kaua i alakai i ka? Aiaiiuie holo ana o Nui ma Kou.

Soon Petro hoi i Rusia. Ma ke kupulau o 1920, ua koho 'ia ka luna o ka Lūkini kaua. Kona kumu i ke kī Crimea. Ke Peninsula ua i ka hope bastion o keʻokeʻo kivila kaua. Wrangel koa hooauheeia kekahi mau ho'āhewa wale o ka Bolsheviks, akā, ma ka hopena pilikia.

I pio, i ka Black barona noho ma Belgrade. He hoʻokumu a poai puni i ka EMRO - Lūkini Koa Union, laila hoolilo ia i kekahi o na luna nui o Nikolai Nikolaevich. Koke ma mua o kona makeʻana, e hana ana me ka lunaʻenehana, Pyotr Wrangel neʻe i Palukela. Aiaʻo ia i make ai o ka tuberculosis i ka 1928.

Andrew Shkuro

Alana Grigorevich Shkuro (1887-1947) ua he kanaka maoli-hanau Kuban Cossacks. E like me ke kanaka opiopio i hele ai i ke gula panning huakaʻi i Siberia. I ke kaua me ke Kaiser ka Germany Shkuro i hana mai i kekahi guerrilla kaua no ka wahi kāʻeʻaʻeʻa inoa kapakapa "Wolf hoʻokahi haneri."

Ma Okatoba 1917, i ka Cossack i koho ia i loko o ka 'āina' Kuban hale kanawai. I kekahi monarchist ma ka hoahewa ia, oia negatively reacted i ka lono o ka hiki ana mai i ka mana o ka Bolsheviks. Shkuro hoomaka ae la e aumeume me kaʻulaʻula commissars, ka wā nui o na luna o ka White neʻeʻana i ole i kona manawa i ka leo nui haʻi aku lākou iā lākou iho. Ma July 1918, Andrew G., a me kona aoao hooauhee aku la i ka Bolsheviks mai Stavropol.

Ma ka Akuma ka o Cossack e kū ana ma ke poo o ka regiment mua o nā luna o Kislovodsk, laila, - ka Haole lio Māhele. Aliʻi Shkuro ua Anton Ivanovich Denikin. Ma Ukraine, ke koa wāwahi i ka poe Nestora Mahno. He laila, i loko o ka hele ana ma Moscow aoao. Shkuro ia e kaua ana no ka Kharkov a me Voronezh. Ma keia kulanakauhale, i kona kai eʻe ke kai.

Ka haalele ana mai o ka poe kaua Budyonny, Lutanela-Nui i ka mea, a hiki i Novorossiysk. Mai laila aku oia i holo ai i ka Crimea. Ma o ka poʻe kaua o Wrangel Shkuro au i hopu ia no ka mea, o ka mea kue i ka Black barona. E like me ka hopena, i ka keʻokeʻo kāpena ua i loko o ke pioʻana i mua o ka piha lanakila o ka Red Army.

Shkuro noho ma Paris, a Yugoslavia. A lohe o World War II, i lilo ai,ʻo ia, e like Krasnov, kākoʻo i ka Nazis ma ka paio e ku ei ka Bolsheviks lākou. Shkuro ua SS Gruppenführer, a ma keia naʻe ia i kaua aku ai me ka Yugoslav partisans. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka Apana Reich, oia ho'āʻo e uhai i loko o ka ?? eoi? Ku ma ka Beritania. Ma Linz, Austria Pelekānia Shkuro puka pu a me na mea he nui hou luna. Ua ho'āʻo a White luna me Petrom Krasnovym a me ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make.