Ho okumu, Moʻolelo
Ka hoʻomaka o ka Romanov aliʻi. Mōʻaukala o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai
Romanovs aliʻi nona ka mōʻaukala nā lā hoʻi i ka umikumamaono kenekulia, ua pono e hele mai, mai ka kahiko aliʻi. Akā, ma hope o ka mare ana manao ma waena o Ivanom Groznym a me ka 'elele o ka Romanov - Anastasiey Zaharinoy, ka mea, lilo iho la ma kahi kokoke i ke alo alii. Ma hope o kukulu pilina me Moscow Ruric ma luna o ka noho aliʻi, hoomaka ae la e pili ana ia lakou iho Romanovs.
Mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini i Emperor o ka nohoaliʻi ai, i lilo ai ma hope o aliʻi o ka'āina i lilo i koho grandnephew o ka wahine Ivana Groznogo - Mikhail Fedorovich. Poe keiki kakou nana ku ma ke poo o Rusia a October 1917.
prehistory
Ke kupuna o kekahi maikai mauʻohana, a me ka Romanovs, i kapaia o Andrei Ivanovich kona kua, kona makua kāne, e like me ka mea e hoikeike ma ka mooolelo Divonovich Gland-Kamba, i loaa ma ka bapetizo ana o ka inoa o Ivan,ʻikeʻia i loko o Rusia ma ka hopeʻumi makahiki o ke kenekulia umikumamaha. He hele mai Lithuania.
I loko nō o kēia, he kekahi waeʻano o kakaolelo paipai i ka hoʻomaka o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi (pokole - ka House o Romanov) hele mai ana, mai Novgorod. Andrei Ivanovich i ka poe a pau elima keiki kāne. Ka mea, ua kapaia ko Simona a me ka lio Alexander laau, Vasily Ivantay a me Gabriel Gavsha a me Fedor popoki. Ka mea, ua i nā kūpuna o ka poe a pau, he maikai, hale i loko o Rusia. Ma ka mea mua iho Andrei Ivanovich, a me kana mau keikikane mua eha inoa kapakapa Kobylin, Fedor Andreevich a me kana keiki Ivan - Koshkin, a me ke keiki a me ka hope - Zachary - Koshkin-Zakharʻin.
Ka muli o nā kapaia
Mamo koke i haalele ai i ka aoao mua - popoki. A no kekahi manawa, hoomaka ae la lakou e kākau ma lalo o ka inoa o Zakharins wale. Mai ka hora aono a hiki iho la ia mea i hoʻohuiʻia i kekahi hapa - Yuriev.
Alaila, keiki o Petero a me Vasiliya Yakovlevichey inoa kapakapa Yakovlev, Romana - okolnichy a me na kiaaina - Zakharins-Romanov. Ua mea me na keiki a ka hope, a originates ke kaulana Romanov aliʻi. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o keia ano keia ano, i lilo ai i loko o 1613th.
na'lii
Romanovʻana ua hiki ke kūkulu i ka noho aliʻi aliʻiʻelima laʻelaʻe 'ia. Ka mua o kēia mau i ka nui-keiki o Anastasia - ka wahine Ivana Groznogo. Mikhail Fedorovich - ke alii mua o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai,ʻo ia i hoala mai ai i ka noho aliʻi Zemsky Sobor. Akā, no ka mea, ua'ōpiopio a me ka inexperienced, maoli alii iho la oia i ka aina bayou Martha me ka hoahanau. Ma hope ona, o ka Romanov aliʻi i na'Lii, he mau. O kana keiki Alex a me moopuna ekolu - Fyodor, Ivan V a me Peter I. He ua ka hope i ka 1721, i pau ai ka makahiki me ka Romanov aliʻi.
i Emperor
A hiki Peter A. hiki i ka nohoalii, no ke ano o ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka loa okoa ka'āina. haawi mai la i ka Romanovs, kona mōʻaukala like me ka moana i Emperor o ka nohoaliʻi ai, i lilo ai i ka 1721-m, he umikumamakolu Lūkini luna. O kēia mau, ekolu wale ua mai ke koko.
Ma hope o Petero ka Nui - ka mua Auguseto o ka House o Romanov - like autocratic empress noho aliʻi i ka noho aliʻiʻana o kona loio i wahine Ana I, i ke kumu o ka i ua nō alualu wela paio paha ma ka moʻolelo alakai. Ma hope o kona make ana, mana hala i kana moopuna ia Peter I ma kona mare mua - Peter II.
No ka mea, o ka infighting a me ka hana malu a o succession o kona kupuna kāne o ka laina i paʻahau. A ma hope o ka imperial mana a me ka regalia i haawiia'ku kaikamahine kaikuaʻana o Emperor Petra Velikogo - Ivan V, ka mea ma hope o Anny Ioannovny pii a hiki i ka nohoalii Lūkini mai kana keiki i ke Duke o Honolulu. Kona inoa ua John VI Antonovich. He ua ka wale Luna o Mecklenburg-Romanov, nana i ka noho aliʻi. Ua hookahuli ae la i kona mauʻanakē - "E ke kaikamahine Petrov" Empress Elizabeth. Ua ua mare ole a me ka ole. A no ke aha la ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai, i ka papaʻaina o ka Papa i ka loa kilakila, ma ka pololei kane laina ia mea ma luna o ka mea a ma.
Familiarity me ka mōʻaukala
Ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o keia ano keia ano hiki mai ai ma lalo o nā ana, hoopuniia e na mea he nui i na make. Romanov mamo aliʻi, nona ka 'elele i ka Hawaii photo i loko o kekahi puke moʻolelo Hawaiʻi, ua pololei ua hoʻopili i ka Lūkini moʻolelo. Ua ku mai no kona ikaika patriotism. Pu ia me na kanaka e hele ana ma ka hana manawa, lohi ka hookiekie ana i ka aina mai o kaʻilihune a me ka ilihune - i ka hopena o ka ikaika kaua, i ka Romanovs.
mua luna o
Makahiki o ka hoʻomaka o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai i kona mau lā restless. Ka moku'āina aohe kupono luna. ʻano nui mahalo i ka kākou inoa i hōʻihi Anastasii Zaharinoy a me kona kaikunane Nikita Romanovʻohana i ua mahaloia e na mea a pau.
Rusia hoomainoino ia lakou i ke kaua me Kuekene a kokoke mahana i ka internecine unamunamu. I kakahiaka February, ka 1613th makahiki i loko o ka Luna Nui Kremlin Palace, haalele e na komohewa, a me ka wahie o ka lepo a me ka'ōpala, i kukala aku ai i ke alii mua o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai - he'ōpiopio, a me ka inexperienced luna Mikhail Fedorovich. A ka mea, o keia umikumamaono makahiki kahiko keiki a makua'lii Filaret ia i ka maka mua o ka noho alii ana o ka Romanov aliʻi. He Ua kau ia, e noho alii no kanakolu-nā makahiki.
Mai ka 1676 o ka mua eono makahiki o Lūkini rula moopuna Michael - Fedor, ka inoa ma hope o kona kupuna kāne kualua. Ma hope o kona make ana, i ka noho alii ana o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi pono o ka hoomau Peter I a me Ivan V - kona poe hoahanau. Ka mea, i no ka aneane umikumamalima makahiki, hana i ka pālua mana, a hiki naeʻaneʻane a pau o ko ka aina i ka hooponopono i ma luna o lākou kaikuwahine Sophia, ka mea i manao ia e loa ka mana-aloha wahine. Moʻolelo hōʻike mai i kekahi kūikawā papalua noho alii, me ka puka i ua kauoha e hūnā i kēia 'ole. A me ia mea ma ia hńwanawana Sophia i kana mea i kauohaia hoahanau.
Petr Veliky
A eia nae o ka hoomaka ana o ka noho alii ana o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai ua pili i ka inoa o Mikhail Fedorovich, ka mea ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi o kona elele i aneane na mea a pau. Kēia mea he kanaka i hiki e haʻaheo o a me ka holoʻokoʻa Lūkini kanaka, ia lakou iho Romanovs. Mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini i Emperor o ka nohoaliʻi ai, ua inseparably ua hoʻopili i ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini kanaka a me Rusia ka mōʻaukala a me ka inoa Petra Velikogo - i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā a me ka luna o ka papa koa, a me ka moku, a me ka nui - ke kanaka me ka nui e holumua ai wale ma luna o ke ola.
Me ka hoʻolaʻaʻana, he ikaika makemake, a me ka 'auhau nui no ka hana, Peter I, e like me, nō, a me nā mea a pau, a me kekahi mau' ia, i ka Romanov aliʻi, i ka mea he Hawaii photo o ka elele o nā mea a pau i ka mōʻaukala mau buke, no ka ola aoia ka hailona. Akā,ʻo ia ka uku hana noonoo i ke kaua a me ka seamanship. I ka huakaʻi mua kahi'ē i loko o 1697-1698 makahiki, o Petero i ka papa o ka mea kaua Sciences ma Konigsberg, laila hapalua o ka makahiki e hana ana no ka Part I shipyards he mea kamanā, a nānā aku i ka kumumanaʻo o ka shipbuilding maʻEnelani.
Ka mea, uaʻAʻole wale i ke kanaka loa kupaianaha o kona au,ʻo ia hiki e haʻaheo o ka Romanovs: ka mōʻaukala o ka Lūkini i nohoaliʻi ai i i ike i ka oi akamai a me ka inquisitive kanaka. Pau e pili ana ia ia, e like me kona wā, hoike mai i keia.
Peter mau hoihoi i loko o na mea a pau i ua somehow loli ana i kona mau manao. A ma ka aoao o ka hooponopono a kalepa, a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. Kona lanakila haawi i aneane a pau. He i ole hoʻohemahema wale i ka mea uuku lāliʻi, ina ka mea, a laila hiki e kekahi mea maikaʻi kēia.
A mea o ke ola Petra Romanova i ke ala hou ana o ka moku'āina a me ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i o kona koa mana. Ua i aku la ia i lilo i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka papa koa, a me ka moku, mau a kona makua kāne nā mea hoʻololi - Alexei Mikhailovich.
State hou 'o Petero i ka noho alii ana, huli Rusia i ka ikaika ana, i loaa awa, e ulu ai o ka haole kalepa, a me ka maikai hoʻomalu'ōnaehana.
A eia nae o ka hoomaka ana o ka noho alii ana o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai i waiho aneane eono makahiki ma mua kekahi o kona elele hiki ole loaʻa iā mea i Petr Veliky. He ole wale hoʻokūpaʻa wale me he diplomat nui, akā, i hana Anati-Kuekene Hawaiian kuikahi. Ma ka mōʻaukala o ka inoa o ka Auguseto mua e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o Rusia ka ulu a me kona muli like me ka mana nui.
I ka Ia manawa Petero i ka loa paakiki kanaka. A hiki i ka makahiki o ka, he umikumamahiku la ia i luna o ka mana, ka mea i nele i hūnā i ko lakou kaikuwahine Sophia i mamao hoailona. Kekahi o na elele loa kaulana o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai, o Petero, maikaʻi ikeia like me ka Nui, i ikeia lawa heartless Emperor, ka mea ia i ho'ākāka 'ia pahu hopu - e ana aʻei kona malotsivilizovannoy aupuni i loko o ka Western ano.
Aka hoi, hoʻowahāwahā mau e holumua ai manaʻo,ʻo ia i noʻonoʻo i ka willful hoʻomäinoino, wäwahi i külike no kona lokoʻino, hoʻokomo - Ivanu Groznomu, i ke kane o kona nui-kupuna wahine Anastasia Romanova.
Kekahi mau noiʻi hoomalau mai i ka ulu nui o Petero reorganizations a me ka nui kuwaho o ka Auguseto i kona noho aliʻiʻana. Petero, ka mea manaoio, ua i loko o ka wikiwiki, e hoʻokō lākou mau pahu hopu, no laila, hoʻoneʻeʻia ka shortest ala, ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā manawa i hiki apparently clumsy ki ina hana like. A me keia i ke kumu i ma hope o kona untimely make, Russian aupuni a pau koke hoi i ka moku'āina mai a ka reformer Pyotr Romanov ho'āʻo e haalele ia.
He mea hiki ole i kekahi haule pum i kona poe kanaka, e radically hoʻololi i, a hiki i kūkulu ai i kona newfound kapikala, boyars kahi me ka pahiʻumiʻumi, a alakai sbiralsya i pili kalai aupuni rallies.
Aka hoi, ke kulekele o ke Romanovs, a ma ka hana, o ka hoʻomalu mihi, i hoʻolauna aku la o Petero ia mea, i ka puu no ke aupuni.
hou lala
Penei, e like me ke kuauhau na rula, o ka imperial poʻe i kapa ia Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov, i ua lewa ole wale i loko o kā lākou mauʻohana kapa o na mea kaua, akā, no hoi ma ka lima o Rusia. Mai ia manawa, i hooholoia i ka noho aliʻi ma ka pololei o ka laina, me kekahi Kai. Ua hiki aku la i ke kauoha i hoopuka ia e Paulo. Ua olelo mai ka succession o nā kānaka ka pololei laina.
Ma hope o ka aina i alii e Paul Alexander I - la kana keikikane mua, ka mea ua keiki ole. A lua o kona mau mamo - Duke Konstantin Pavlovich - abdicated ia, ma ka mea, ua kekahi o na kumu o ka Decembrist uprising. I kekahi ia Auguseto ua kana kolu o ke keiki - Rotehama I. Ma mau, mai ka manawa o Ana i ka Nui, a pau hooilina a hiki i ka nohoalii i hoomaka ai e komo i ka inoa o Crown Prince.
Ma hope o Rotehama I, hele i ka noho aliʻi i kāna keiki hiapo, - Alexander II. I ka makahiki o ka iwakalua-hoʻokahi makahiki Tsarevich Rotehama Alexandrovich make o ka tuberculosis. No laila, ka mea e hiki mai ana i ka lua o ke keikikane - Emperor Alexander III, ka mea i hakahaka e kana makahiapo-kane, a me ka hope Lūkini Kiaaina - Rotehama II. Ke'ī mai, mai ka manawa wā, ka mamo aliʻi Romanov-Holstein-Gottorp mai keia lala ia lŘlŘ ewalu Auguseto helu a me Ana Nui.
umikumamaiwa kenekulia
Ma ka XIX kenekulia kaʻohana aliʻi hoomaka nui iho, a mahuahua. kūikawā kānāwai e hooponopono i na pono a me ke kuleana, o kela mea keia mea o ka ohana lala i hiki ia. Ua hoakaka ia, a me ka lako e, ao ke ano o ko lākou ola. Aia Ua i hoʻolauna i ka hou inoa - i ke alii o imperial koko. oi aku ka loihi mai mamo o ka lula He hilahila.
- Holstein-Gottorpovskaya;
- Leuchtenberg - hele mai, mai ke kaikamahine a ma Rotehama I, Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna, a me Duke o Leuchtenberg;
- Oldenburg - mai i kona mare ana me ke kaikamahine o ka Emperor Paul Duke o Oldenburg;
- Mecklenburg - ka hoʻomakaʻana, mai ka mare ana o Princess Ana Mikhailovna a me Duke o Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
ʻOiʻenehana a me ka imperial House
Mai ka wā i ka hoʻomaka o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi ai, i ka moʻolelo o kēiaʻohana piha o ka make a me ka hookahe koko ana. He mea känalua 'o ka hope o ka' ohana - Rotehama II - inoa kapakapa Hekikai no. Au pono aku nei au i ka Auguseto ia ia iho i ka mea ia manawa 'aʻole i oko ikaika hikiwawe.
Ka noho alii ana o ka mea hope Lūkini mō'ī i kaha maha e kokololio aneiai ulu o ka aina. I ka Ia manawa i loko o Rusia ua ka mahuahua o ka lawelawe a me ka mauʻokoʻa. A pau i kēia alakaʻi i ka hoʻomaka o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana, a me ka hopena - a hiki i ka uprising o 1905-1907, a laila, i ka FebruaryʻOiʻenehana.
Russian Auguseto a me ke alii o Poland, a Grand Duke o Finland - ka hope Russian Tsar o ka Romanov i nohoaliʻi - pii a hiki i ka noho aliʻi i ka 1894. Ma Rotehama II kēia wā i ho'ākāka 'ia e like me ka palupalu, a nui hoʻonaʻauao, oiaio devotee o ke aupuni, akā, i ka mea ia manawa he nui loa paakiki kanaka.
Apparently, keia i ke kumu o ka paakiki kū'ē i ka'ōlelo aʻo o ka hoao ana i ka luna i loko o ka hoʻokele nāna e hoʻopuka i ia, ma ka mea, alakai aku i ka ona e ka wahaheʻe i loko o ka Romanov kulekele. Surprisingly hope o ke aloha o ka mō'ī i kana wahine, a ma kekahi palapala mōʻaukala kapa a hiki mentally'ōpaha kekahi, kena ae la i ka discredit o kaʻohana aliʻi. Ninau aku kona mana i ua posited like me ka oiaio wale.
Kēia i aie i ka mea i ka wahine o ka hope Lūkini Auguseto, ua hala loa i ka olelo i loko o na mea he nui, ao ke ano o ka hoʻokele. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i ole e hala i hookahi manawa e lawe ka lanakila o, oiai he nui kiʻekiʻe-kiʻekiʻe na kanaka mea maʻaʻohe ala hoʻomākaukau. Ka hapa nui o ia noʻonoʻo i ka hope aliʻi Romanov fatalist, oiai kekahi poe e ae o ka manao i ka mea i pono loa indifferent i ka ehaeha o ko lākou mau kanaka.
Ka pau 'o ka noho alii ana
Koko 1917 Ua lilo loa ana no ka mana faltering o ka autocrat. Ua a pau, hoomaka ae la me ka First World War, a me ka ineffectiveness o ke kulekele o Rotehama II ma keia pilikia wā no Rusia.
Hakaka o ka Romanovʻohana koi ia i kēia wā o ka hope mō'ī wale hiki ole ai ole i ka manaʻoi hoʻokoe 'hoʻokō i loko o ka hana pono i ka mea e pono ai kālai'āina a me ka pilina nā mea hoʻololi. Ka FeberuariʻOiʻenehana puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka hope Auguseto nō abdicate. E like me ka hopena, ma Rotehama II a me kona 'ohana i kau ma lalo o ka hale hopu i loko o kona hale aliʻi i loko o Tsarskoye Selo.
Ma ka hapalua like-umikumamaiwa kenekulia ka Romanovs alii iho la oi ma mua o ke ono o ka Honua. Ka mea, ua pakiko-lawa, kūʻokoʻa a me ka noʻonoʻo i ka loa Europa aina waiwai. Ua ua he au nui, i kona welau aia ma hope o ka hooko ana o kaʻohana aliʻi, i ka hope o ka Romanovs: Rotehama II a me Alexandra a me kā lākou mau keiki elima. A i loko o ka hale ilalo o ka hale Ipatiev ma Yekaterinburg ma ka po o ka la 17 o Iulai, 1918.
Romanov i keia la
I ka ho'omaka'ana o ka makahiki 1917, he kanaonokumamālima mau kānaka i koho'ia e ka Lūkini Imperial Rua, a'o ia he kanakolukumamālua o ka hapalua o kāna hapalua. He'umikumamāwalu mau kānaka i pana'ia e nā Bolshevik ma waena o 1918 a 1919. Ua hana'ia kēia ma St. Petersburg, Alapaevsk a,'oia'i'o, ma Yekaterinburg. A'auhe'e akula he kanahā kumamāhiku mau kānaka. No ka hopena, ua ho'oku'u'ia lākou, ma ka US a me Farani.
'Oiai, he hapa nui o ka'ohana i manaolana i nā makahiki he umi e hā'ule ai ka mana Soviet a ho'iho'i hou i ke aupuni mō'ī Lūkini. I ka lā'o Dekemaba i ka makahiki 1920,'o Olga Konstantinovna - ka Great Duchess - i lilo'o ia'o Regent o Grène, ho'omaka'o ia e loa'a ma kēia'āina he mau kānaka mahuka mai Russia mai e kali ana a ho'i mai i ka home. Akā na'e,'a'ole i loa'a kēia.
Akā na'e, ua kaumaha ka Hale o Romanovs no ka manawa lō'ihi. Eia kekahi, i ka makahiki 1942, ua hā'awi'ia'elua mau Lunamaka'āinana i ka noho ali'i o Montenegro. Ua ho'okumu'ia'o Union, a ua komo nā mea ola a pau o ka'ohana.
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