Ka hopena he - i ka poino o Tutankhamen?

Ua ua oi aku 200000000 makahiki. He like kahiko me ke ao nei. He nani, a incredibly hoʻopailua i ke haiia'ku. He hiki ke pepehi, a me ke ola mai ka make. A pau o keia - e pili ana i ka punahelu paha ka hopena he.

He aha manaʻo nui ka punahelu i loko o ko kakou mau ola? He aha ke ano maoli i hana ka hopena he? Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ka mea maoli konaʻaumakua. Akā, mahalo ia ia, a he oiaio, ua, penicillin, i hoolaia haneri o na tausani eha ma ka Apana World War, a ma hope o ka pauʻana o ka mana kupaianaha antibiotic no na makahiki i lilo paa ma ka lapaau e like me ka papa kuhikuhi mea i loko o ke kaua ana i ka infectious maʻi.

Loa pono haʻi e pili ana i ka piʻi like o ka microbiology i loko o keia olelo ma ka ho film "punahelu". Ka hopena he - ano o ke ola ana e hoohui mai ia meaola e hui pu iho i nā hiʻona o nā mea kanu a me nā holoholona. Group ola meaola i i 100.000? Ueony, akā, ua hōʻike ai mamaoʻepekema wale 5% o ia. Ka hopena he anawa loa na wahi: i loko o ka lewa, ma luna o ka'āina, i loko o ka wai.

ka mea, i manaoia mea kanu no ka lōʻihi manawa. 'Ole fungi, i ko lakou hiki e Kamakawiwo Ole, a ulu (a me unrestricted), i ke alo o ka halepaahao pā, ka mea hikiʻole, e neʻe - a pau ÿike o ka mea kanu. Eia naʻe, ma ka fungi mea ole chlorophyll, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea nele i ka hiki i ka photosynthesize, i mea he kiʻiona ano o ka mea kanu. Ano o ka ai ka mea heterotrophic, i ke kumu o ka halepaahao pa - chitin, ma ka wehe aʻe o ka urea i hoʻohana. Ma nā hua'ōlelo, punahelu fungi, he 'ole a me ka ano o ka mana e like me na holoholona. Eia naʻe, aia no he kiʻiona hiʻona, i Aʻole 'ae' ia classify na Fish i ka holoholona ao nei: o ka perforations i loko o ka pā pōhaku, a intercellular dikaryons pae. E like me ka hopena o ka hoopaapaa a me ka noʻonoʻo Fish i kuokoa, kaawale? Ueo.

Punahelu fungi, ma ka huli, ua mahele ia i loko o na ano: penicillium spp, aspergillus, moniliaceae, dematiaceae, fusarium, acremonium, onychocola canadensis ..

Pili fungi i loko o ka lewa (microscopic spores). Hoopaapaa, hookahi ma ka kupono meakino me ka kekahi humidity a me ka mahana, germinates a me konaʻano a me nā manu, a, ma ka huli, hana i ka mycelium. Kēia ka mea a mākou i kapa aku ai i ka punahelu. Externally, ua hiki ke ike ia i loko o ka palapala pouli mau kiko ma ka pulu ka paia o.

E Nihi Ka ike heleleʻi ka berena? Ka mea liʻiliʻiʻeleʻele kiko huina i sporganiyami. I ka kekahi mau wahi mea loaʻa ma kahi o 50.000 spores. Ma wale i kekahi mau lā o ka hoopaapaa reproduces miliona o ko lākouʻano!

Ua i hanai i ka punahelu? Ua malū nā'ūhū e hoohiolo no ia i nā lātoma i simpler i huiʻia, i mea a laila ke kemu. No ka punahelu hiki iaʻu ke hele,ʻo ia ke ola ana i loko o ka paina, a absorbs i ka ia. Ua hiki e weliweli no ke kino, ina e kino kona spores ole ana. Eia naʻe, kona waiwai hiki e maikaʻi kēia.

Ke antibacterial waiwai o ka uliuli punahelu i wehe i ka 1928, he microbiologist Aleksandrom Flemingom. Punahelu, i kapaia o penicillium notatum, pepehi koʻohune, oiai e noho malie hoi i na holoholona a me nā kānaka i koe. Ka mea, ua i kēia loaʻa, a ua i ka impetus no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o penicillin. Punahelu loaa noi i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka ai 'ia i loko o ka iapaau ana o ka migraine, thrombophlebitis, Parkinson ka maʻi.

Akā, ma luna o kona palapala noi i ole kaupalena '. Famous paʻi waiūpaʻa he (Beria, Denemaka uliuli, Camembert, Roquefort, Gorgonzola) aie kona ano ho'āʻoʻana i ka punahelu paha he edible ka hopena he. He oiaio o ka soy meaʻai kākele, salami, pia.

Me ka pomaikai ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o winemaking. Waina hoʻokahi, a 'ano apau loa o ka makemake nui o ka punahelu hoʻohana no ka hana nani waina. Ua kūpono i ka lehulehu o kōʻo ia i ka waina hou, pili.

Eia naʻe, no ka pono waiwai o ka punahelu, aole ia e hoolilo ia ia emi pilikia loa. Asuria, ma VI kenekulia BC ergot hoʻohana like me ka liluwelo kaua, kaʻapu kōheoheo i ka wai i loko o ka pūnāwai. Punahelu ikeia ma ka rai spikelets, hoolilo kanaka cramps, ka ohane, hallucinations, gangrene.

Ka hopena he mau omnipresent a me ka omnivorous. Ka mea, i loaʻa ai i loko o seemingly maemae ea. Me ka maikai e hoʻonele, e hiki ia lakou ke ku imua o ka pernicious hoopaapaa a mākou. 'ōnaehana paleʻea deficiency e haawi ala i ka ka hoʻonuiʻana o ko fungi i loko o kā mākou mau kino e hiki i mea maʻi, i ka make.

E hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ka moʻo o ka pohihihi makeʻana o nā kānakaʻepekema i aʻo i ka halekupapau o Tutankhamun? Press exploded ana i ke poʻomanaʻo "e kuamuamu ia o Tutankhamun", hooku iho la ia mea heluhelu i ka piha weliweli a me ka mea ikea ole moʻolelo. Nui ma hope ka mea, ua hoʻomaka iholaʻo ia i nā perpetrators o ka pōʻino, hoomaka ae la e ka hopena he fungi, ka noho pilikia loa? Ueo - aspergillus o Nigera.

"E hōʻino aku o Tutankhamun" Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o kā mākou wā. Kēia pilikia fungus kikiʻo i loko o mākou home: i loko o ka make up, i loko o ka 'Ia, i ka hale ilalo, pulu ka pā. Hehena bipi wahine mai , a avian maʻi palū mea emi iki mahope o nui i ka pilikia o keia fungus. Eia kekahi laʻana, i kekahi mau 'ikepili helu. Ma Paris i ka 2004 ma keia fungus make kanaka i loko o nā manawa hou ma mua o ke ao nei o ka manu maʻi palū.

Ka hopena he ulu ma luna o kekahi ili honua. ʻepekema, ua kauoha aku e loaʻa iā lākou a hiki i ka aʻe paha. 'O kēia ka mea wale anakahi iki-meaola paʻi nā kiʻie hōʻikeʻike. Nā panalāʻau e noho specimens o nā sexes. E like me kānakaʻepekema, ka hopena he mai e make a hiki i ka hopena o ka global catastrophe.

Ke pili o ka ke kanaka i ka hopena he aneane mau malama ole. Kekahi e hooki i ka loli hapa o kona berena, a lawe aku ia ia mai o ka Jam, a me kaʻai i ka poe i koe,ʻaʻole e like me ka ike ana i pilikia loa ia mea! ..'okaʻoka huahana E ole e hoopauia. Kua i ka hoʻohuli ai i nā wahi e ole ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia, e like me ka ua mua iho mailoko o ka huina hoonui holoʻokoʻa. He mea hiki ole ke ola ma punahelu e ola ana.

Knowledge e pili ana i ka p ÷ ino o ka punahelu e mai komo oe i loko o ka panic. Oddly lawa, akā, i ke kumu nui no ka kokololio kūpono 'ana o ke ahulau moe ma ka makau. Ka lolo i ka impulse i ke kino, e makau, na keena hoʻomaka e "makau", hua mai la i cortisol, ka ai-i kapaia hōmona o ka make. Hoopaa aku i ka mea hiki wale ke kai maikaʻi Emotions. Me ka punahelu ke ao nei ke ole ola. I maoli ka mea, aole i koe, kēlā'ikamu mea he loulou i loko o ka infinitely lōʻihi laina. A me ka mea ai no mākou, e hoomanao pehea fragile keia ao, ua haawi mai ke ano maoli i ka mea hoʻomanaʻo, e like me ka pomaikai a me ka poino ma ka ia manawa. A me kona inoa - punahelu ...