Ka lāhui 'ōiwi heluna o Amerika: heluna kanaka, moʻomeheu a me ka hoomana ana

Ka Indians, ka poe i huiia mai me ka kekahi heihei Americanoid mea he heluna kānaka Hawaiʻi oʻAmelika. Lakou noho i ka mokuna o ka pau ana o ka New World, mai ka hoomaka ana o ka manawa, a noho ma laila nō. I loko nō olalo i genocides, colonization a me nā hoomaau ku e ia lakou, i i hanaʻia o ka poʻeʻEulopa, ka mea, kūlana 'he mea nui wahi i loko o kela a me keia o na Hawaii ma keia hapa o ka honua. ʻO kēia mau 'atikala, e nana aku kakou, i ka mea a me ka mea nui oaeuiinoe kahiko no heluna kanaka o Amerika. Photos o nā iiaciiie? E heihei ana, a me ka poeikohoia o kekahi mau ohana, e hiki ai hou maopopo maopopo keia kumuhana.

Kaianoho koholā a me ka heluna

Kanaka o ka New World nohoʻaneʻi mai prehistoric manawa, akā, i loko o mākou lā, ma ka mea, uuku ua loli ia no ia. Ka mea, i hui ma kaʻawale nā kaiāulu, e hoʻomau i ka hai aku i ko lakou haipule dogma, a hahai mai i ka mooolelo o ko lākou mau kūpuna. Kekahi elele o ke kanaka maoli heihei Americanoid assimilated me ka poʻeʻEulopa a me ka loa lawe ma luna o lākou ola. Pela, e halawai me ka Mauna maʻemaʻe a mestizo hiki e anywhere ma ka'ākau, a me ka hema kikowaena hapa o ka New Honua. Ka lōʻihi o "Mauna" heluna o America o 48 miliona kanaka. O kēia mau mea, 14 miliona e noho ana ma Peru, 10,1 miliona ma Mexico, 6 miliona ma Bolivia. ʻO kēia'āina i Ecuador a me Guatemala - 5.4 a me ka 3.4 miliona, niioaaonoaaiii. 2,5 miliona Indians hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ka US, akā, i loko o Canada o ka emi ma mua o ka hapalua o - 1,2 miliona Ironically, ka nui Brazil a me Argentina, e like me ka nunui mana, ka Indiansʻaʻole loa .. Ka lāhui 'ōiwi heluna o America i loko o kēia mau wahi he pōpilikia, a ua tausani o 700 000 a me 600 000 pakahi.

I ka moʻolelo o ka ohana

E like me kānakaʻepekema, 'elele Americanoid heihei, hoʻowahāwahā a pau lākou oko ao, mai kekahi'ē aʻe ike ia mākou, neʻe i kā lākou'āinapuniʻole o Eurasia me ia. No ka mea, he nui na tausani o ka makahiki (ka hola 70-12 Ka Wā Kaukani BC. E.) Indians hele mai i ka New World ma ka pela-kapaia Bering Bridge, i ke kahua o ka i ka manawa o ka Bering pilikia. Ka mea, ua ole i ka lāhui 'ōiwi heluna o America ua ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kahu moku i ka hou'āinapuniʻole, HEN, mai Alaska a pau me ka hema kahakai o keia-lā Argentina. Once Amerika i E ke Kumu e ia, hoomaka ae la kela hookahi ohana e hoʻomōhala i loko o kaʻokoʻa ka ao ao. General LIKE mālama i loko o ia mau mea, ua like penei. Indians o South America hoomaikai matrilineal hanauna. Kupa o ka'ākau hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole ua maʻiʻo me patriarchy. Nāʻohana o ka Caribbean, ua he au o ke hoʻololi i ka papa kaiāulu.

A mau olelo e pili ana i ka kālaimeaola

Mai ka aaiaoe wahi o Hawaii, i ka lāhui 'ōiwi heluna o Amerika, e like me ka olelo maluna, ka poe o kēia mau' āina mea,ʻaʻole i nā mea a pau. Ke kupuna hale o Maunaʻepekema manaoio Hawaiian, kahi e hele aku ai me ko lakou mau panalāʻau ma mamao-mamao i hala, i mea e loaʻa hou'āina. Ka mea i 25.000 makahiki aku nei, mai Siberia a hiki i Amerika hiki ke i uka o ka'āina i hele ai, eia hoi, i kanaka a pau noʻonoʻo i kēia mau'āina a hui'āinapuniʻole. No laila, na nā kupa o ko mākou nā panalāʻau e ke kiʻekiʻe o noho ma ka'ākau aoao o Eurasia, a laila, neʻe akula i loko o ka Western hemisphere, i huli i Indians. Ia mea i ka hopena o ka noiʻi i hele mai ma muli i ka mea i na kanaka o ka Hawaiian 'ano o Y-chromosome mea'ālike i kā lākou mau mutations e chromosome o ka Indian' Amelika.

akau ohana

Aleut a me Eskimo ohana, a noho ma ka subarctic ciia o ka'āinapuniʻole, e ole hoʻopā aku kākou iā ia, no ka mea, 'o he okoa nā hui pili koko ohana. Ka lāhui 'ōiwi heluna o North America noho ana i ka mokuna o ka makana Canada me kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, mai ka mau loa hauneneʻe a pau i ke awawa o Mexico. Aia ua ulu kekahiʻano o ka hana 'ike loea okoa, a mākou e hōʻike:

• North Indians i noho ma ka luna o Canada - Ua Algonquian a me ka Athapaskanʻohana. Alualuiaʻi caribou, e like me hoʻoili i loko o ka lawaia.
• Koro ohana - ka Tlingit, Haida, Salish Wakashe. Pū i ka lawaiʻa a me nā mea hihiu ana.
• California Indians - ikeia Waihona Noʻeau o acorns. Ua Ua kekahi hana i loko o ka mau imi mea hihiu ana a me ka lawaiʻa.
• Woodland Indians noho i ka holoʻokoʻa hikina hapa o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia United States. Native 'Amelika ohana i poe malaila screaming, Algonquin, Iroquois. Mau kanaka e imi i kūʻonoʻono mahiai.
• Wahi papu Indians - ikeia aiia o'āhiu bison. Aia mau olalo i ohana, i waena o mākou i hōʻike wale i kekahi mau: Caddo, ana o ka moa, Osage, Mandal, Arikara, Kiowa, Apache, Wichita, a he nui na mea e ae.
• Ma ka hema o ka 'Amelika' Ākau ohana noho i ka Pueblo, Navajo, a Pima. Mau aina i noʻonoʻo i ka loa e hoʻomōhala ai, e like me na kamaainaʻaneʻi i pū ma ka mahiʻai, ka hoʻohana 'ana, nicaaiea hana, a me ka hapa-piha iho holoholona.

Caribbean

Ua i i ka manaoio i ka lāhui 'ōiwi kanaka o Central America i ka loa e hoʻomōhala ai. Ia mea i loko o keia hapa o ka'āinapuniʻole e hoʻomōhala eiiieaena ma luna o ia mau lā, hou, a kuni i ka mea mahiai, a irrigated nenoai. O ka holo ana, no kaʻohana o ka māhele 'āina i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana nenoaio i?, I ae ia, e noho no ka ole wale hua a me ka hua mea kanu e like me maize, ka papapa maka, pua nānālā, kaʻuala, agave, cocoa, a me ka pulupulu. Eia no hoi ulu ka paka. Ka lāhui 'ōiwi heluna o Lakina America ma luna o kēia mau'āina a me nā pastoralists (like i ka Indians e noho ana i loko o ka Andes). I ka papa 'aneʻi ka mea, ua puleʻAmelika, llama. No hoi e hoailona oukou i ka mea, hoomaka ae la e hoʻomohala metallurgy a primitive ke kaiāulu'ōnaehana i mua i hele ai i ka papa, au huli i loko o ke kauwawahine moku'āina. Mawaena o na ohana e noho ana ma ka Caribbean, hiki ke kapaia ka Aztecs, Mixtecs, Mayans, Purepecha, Totonac a me Zapotec.

South America

Ke hoʻohālikelike a me na ohana o ka Aztecs, ka mea iʻaʻole i maikaʻi-ulu a me ka 'ē aʻe Totonac, lāhui' ōiwi o South America. An koe hiki wale e Imperiya Inkov, i i aia i loko o ka Andes, a ua noho ma Indians o ka ia inoa. Ma ka mokuna o kēia Brazil ka hale i ka ohana, ka poe i hana i loko o ke 'ano o ka hoe mahiai, akā, no hoi e imi i kanaka maoli manu, mammals. Iwaena o lakou i na Arawak, Tupi-Guarani. Argentine ?? eoi? Noho ma ka lio aiia guanaco. Ma Tierra del Fuego noho ohana Yamana, ua alacalufe kanaka. Ka mea alakaʻi i ka nomadic ola, he primitive like me ko lakou mau hoahanau, a ua hana i loko o ka lawaia.

Imperiya Inkov

'O kēia ka hui nui o na Indians, i ola ma ka 11-13 kenekulia ka ma luna o ka mokuna o keia Colombia, Peru a me Chile. Ma mua o ka hōʻeaʻana mai o ka poʻeʻEulopa, ua i ka na kamaaina lākou hoʻomalu mahele. Aupuni a pau o lakou a eha māhele - Chinchaysuyu, Kolasuyu, Antisuyu a me Kuntisuyu, a me kela mea keia mea o lakou, ma ka huli, māheleʻia i loko o nā'āina. Imperiya Inkov i kona statehood a me nā kānāwai, a i ka hapanui hooku iho la ia ia ma ke ano o ka hoʻopaʻi no kekahi hewa. nenoaiu o ke Aupuni ka mea, he, loa paha, despotic, totalitarian. Ma keia wahi, e like me ka ua i ka poe koa, ua i kekahi nohona mea, ma ka lalo papa o i i i ka hooponopono. Ke kumu nui e piʻi like ana o ka Incas, noonoo iho la i ko lakou nui laina. Alanui, kūkulu ka mea, ma luna o nā kumu o ka Andes, i lōʻihi i 25 tausani kilomika. E hoopa iki aku ia ka hoʻohana 'ana llamas like pack holoholona.

Mau mooolelo a me ka moʻomeheu ulu

I ka moʻomeheu o Native Americans - Heʻano nui kā lākou'ōlelo o ka palapala, he nui o ka i mea nō ole decipher hiki loa. Ka mea mea i kēlāʻohana i ole e kona mau olelo a me kona iho-he 'ōlelo i kani wale ma ka olelo, i ole i i keia kakau ana. Ka mua Hawaiʻi ma Amerika,ʻikeʻia wale nō i loko o 1826 ma lalo o ke alakaʻiʻana o ka luna o kaʻohana o ka Cherokee Indian Sequoyah. Up a hiki i keia wahi i nā kanaka o ka'āinapuniʻole hoʻohana pictographic na hoailona, a ina oe i ke kamaʻilio me nā 'elele o nā noho, laila, hoʻohana lima lima kolohe' ana, kino neʻe a me ka lehalehu t, ka 'aoʻao.

male akua

I loko nō o ka nui helu o na ohana e noho ana i loko o kekahi aniau i loko nō a me nā wahi, i ka hilinaʻi o Native Americans, ua nui loa na mea, a me 'oe ke hui pu iho la ia i loko o kekahi. Ka hapa nui o nāʻohana o ka North America i manaoio i ke akua - mea heʻano o ka pelane, i mea mamao loa aku ma ka moana. E like me kā lākou kaʻao, kā lākou mau kūpuna hoʻohana i ka noho ma luna o kēia pelane. A o ka poe i hana i ka hewa, a me ka hoike mai ka palaleha, dumped ia ia me ka hoʻokokoke meaʻole. Ma Central Amerika, i nā akua i ka holoholona? Ueony, ka hapanui manu. pinepine akamai Inca ohana manaoio ko lākou mau akua prototypes kanaka nana i hana ke ao nei a me nā mea a pau i loko o laila.

Hoikehonua, haipule hilinaʻi o Indians

I keia la, i ka lāhui 'ōiwi e noho o ka'āinapuniʻole Amelika ua hou hoopili aku i na mooolelo haipule, a i wehewehe aku ma kā lākou poʻe kūpuna. Ka hapa nui o ka heluna kanaka o ka North America ka manawa au Protestantism a me kona Lolina. Indians a me mestizos e noho ana i loko o Mexico, a me ka hema o ka'āinapuniʻole, kokoke pau hoopili i ke kanana 'Catholicism. Kekahi o ia poe Iudaio. Wale he uuku hoi ka poe nō ma muli o ka manao o ko lākou mau kūpuna, a me ka hoopaa i ka naauao ka mea, i loko o ka nui huna, mai ka keʻokeʻo heluna.

mythological kēia lākiō

Initially, a pau ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao, kaao, a me nā hana'ē aʻe kanaka ka, i no i ka Indians, ke hōʻike iā mākou e pili ana i ko lakou ola, e pili ana i ke ola, e pili ana pehea e kuai i ai. Kēia kanaka hīmeni o nā manu, na holoholona mammals a me Moana, kona poe hoahanau a me na makua. A iki ma hope pili kūpono loa kuai i kekahi okoa külana. Na Indians he kaʻao e pili ana i ka hanaia'na o ke ao nei, i ka mea i like loa me mākou Bible. He noteworthy i loko o nā moʻolelo o ka 'Amelika' ōiwi lāhui kanaka he mea he akua - A wahine me braids. He nā ka personification o ke ola a me ka make, ke kaua a me ka ai, ka aina a me ka wai. UaʻAʻohe inoa, akā, i ka hoomanao ana i kona mana i loaʻa i loko o aneane pau kahiko Indian kumu.

ka hopena

Mākou i mua i haiia ae maluna, o ka ai-kapaia Indian Amelika ka heluna o 48 miliona, e like me kūhelu ikepili. Eia na kanaka, ka poe i kakau i ko lakou aupuni, a e pili ana i ka koloniala lehulehu. Inā mākou e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka poe Indians ka mea nō e noho i loko o nāʻohana, i ka huahelu e e nui kiʻekiʻe. E like me ke unofficial aeaiiua, i loko o ka United States mea hale i oi ma mua o 60,000 kānaka 'elele o maoli Americanoid lāhui, i hoʻomaka ai nā ma Alaska, a Tierra del Fuego.