Ka mea mua e neeaaia ma Rusia. ʻO wai ka mea i wehe i ka mua iau i loko o Rusia?

Ka inoa o kekahi Lūkini Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha i ike i na kamaaina o ko kakou aina. Kēia leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, i ka Tretyakov Gallery a me Curiosities. I hope kula - ka mua iau i loko o Rusia.

Great kauoha malu o Peter I

Peter I komo i ke aupuni mōʻaukala like me ka reformer o na mea a pau. Ua i ka mea nana i hoʻokumu i ka mua iau i loko o Rusia. I ka 1698, ua i ka mua o ko mākou mau aliʻi i loko oʻEulopa. I ka Ia manawa, kona la e hele i ka Western'āina i loko o ka olelo Great anonymously no laila, i ole ia,ʻo hoʻolohe i kona kino.

Ua ua i kona Europa holo Peter I mua manaʻo e pili ana e pili ana i kona iho iau. Oiai o ka hoonohoia'na o na kulanui me ke kākoʻo o nā luna. No ka laʻana, lehulehu Kelemānia luna mālama lākou mau "Aha Kuhina o curiosities", i mālama i nā curiosities mai a puni ka honua. I kā lākou mau 'ōlelo i kapa pa Aha Kuhina o Curiosities. Peter pinepine mānewanewa 'Eulopa i loko o ko lakou aina. No laila, ka mea mua e neeaaia i loko o Rusia i kapaia pono - Curiosities.

Ka hapanui o ke alii i luku ai i ka Netherlands, a Enelani a me kā lākouʻiʻo nō o kēia? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ma kēia mau'āina, ka mea, ua i zhadnichaya, au kuai i kekahiʻano o nā kupa - puke, 'epekema mea kani, nā minelala hao, me na mea kaua. A pau ia ua ia ia i ke kumu o ka waiū, a makemake i mālama i ka mua iau i loko o Rusia.

Ke kumu Kunstkamery

Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana i ka hale, o Petero au i hoopoina e pili ana i kā lākou mau manaʻo. A mau makahiki ma hope o kona lanakila 'o ia mai ka Kuekene Baltic kahakai. Ua uaʻaneʻi i St. Petersburg i hookumu, ma ke kapikala i neʻe koke. Ke alii makemake i Kunstkamera hana ma ka Neva River. Ua hoʻoneʻe i ka 1714, o kona ohi ana o rarities Summer Palace. Keia makahiki ua noʻonoʻo pono i ka hoʻokumu lā o ka Kunstkammer. Prior i keia, ua mālama i nā ho'āʻoʻia ma Moscow, ma ka pa Aptekarskaya oihana.

Ka Hale mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia ua i nā piha me ka hou ho'āʻoʻia. Kela manawa, aʻe makahiki Poroshenko hele aku ma luna o kona mau lua o huakaʻi maʻEulopa. Ma Holland, ke alii kipa i ka iau kaulana o Albert Seba. Kēia pharmacist wa e ola ana kaʻohiʻana likeʻole nā minelala hao, mea kanu a me nā pūpū. He kuai lilo aku la i ke kaulana hoa no ka hapanui o kona aeaaiono? Ohi, i koke loaa ka iau mua i loko o Rusia.

Ke hou kukulu no ka iau

Aie i ka mea i ka helu o nā 'ikamu i steadily nui ae, ka mea i hooholoia, e hoolilo i ka Aha Kuhina o Curiosities i loko o ka hou manao-kukulu hale no ia. Building i waiho i ka 1718. Ka papahana i ka hailona no nā kānaka kuhikuhipuʻuone, kela mea keia mea o ka mea i lilo i ka poo ma kekahi wahi. O ka poe: Johann Georg Mattarnovi Rotehama Gerbel a me Mikhail Zemtsov.

? Ieoaeunoai ua loa lohi, a me Petero, aole i ike ai i kona hanaia'na. He make i ka 1725, ka wā i loko o kahi o ka Kunstkammer ua paa nae ka hanau paia. Ua weheʻia ma hope o kaʻikena hale. Ua hiki i ka 1734. Kēia hale hana i keia la (aia ma luna o ke Kulanui Embankment). Ua Ua hana ia i loko o ke kaila o Petrine Baroque. Ma ka uhane i like i kūkuluʻia a pau o ka hale mua o ka hou kumukuai, i kona wa i ho'āʻo e haawi aku i kaʻoiaʻiʻo Europa Look.

Prior i keia, o ka loa mua iau i loko o Rusia hookipa mai i loko o? Aiaiiuie Kikin ke Keena. Ua iʻaneʻi i ka mea, i wehe ai i ka lehulehu mua.

Bedroom kulanui

Ua ua he nui-yoa? Iiai mau hale, a, naʻe, uaʻaʻole lawa e lawa i ka ho'āʻoʻia. Ka mea hou e neeaaia aohe paʻa Bedroom, akā, i loaa ia i hāʻawi mai i ka Paakai oihana, a me ka 'inikua oihana. Ka hope kauliaʻi koʻokoʻo uku. Hakilo iho la lakou maluna o ka maluhia o ka ho'āʻoʻia, e like me ka hoʻokuʻi i ka ohi.

Interestingly, i ka 1724, o Petero kino kauoha, e haawi aku 400 rubles makahiki Hawaii no ka malihini. Inā mākou e hoohalike i ka Aha Kuhina o Curiosities me nā Hale Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha ma Europe i ia manawa, a ma laila mākou eʻike i kaʻokoʻa kiʻi. No ka laʻana, ma Dresden ka "curiosities Aha Kuhina" ola ma muli o ke kauoha aku la i nā malihini. Like, e "kōkua" ho'āʻo o Ashmole Museum ma Oxford English.

iau AIM

Ka mea mua e neeaaia i loko o Rusia i wehe ole i ka hoʻowaiwai lākou iā lākou iho,ʻo ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i ka lehulehu i loko o Petersburg palaualelo. He nui no nā kaukaualiʻi i i hōʻike pono ma ka 'epekema, i ua ole like me Petero. E manaolana ana ia ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka noa Hawaii no ka manawa mua loa e stoke ukupanee ma outlandish kŰia. O ka holo ana, ke Kunstkammer ua i ka wale ana o kona kaʻike o nā 'ē aʻe. Lawa ia i ka olelo i ka mea, i ka wā eʻikeʻia mua i loko o ka paukü, regular Lūkini Nupepa. I ka Ia manawa wehe hou kula ma Moscow, kahi haole akamai i kono. He aha ka ka mea mua e neeaaia ma Rusia? O ka holo ana, ia ka Curiosities, a mai laila i lilo i ka piko o ka 'epekema,ʻaʻole wale nō St. Petersburg, akā, ma ka aina.

Search ho'āʻoʻia i loko o ka'āina Lūkini

An nui hanana i ka hanaia'na o ka Academy o Sciences. Ua hiki i ka 1724. A laila, Curiosities hele mai ma lalo o ka aegis o ka hou kula. A kēia hōʻailona o ka Russian Academy o Sciences o ka mua kukulu o ka Russian Museum.

Inā ka mua ohi o ka Kunstkammer he wale nō haole, laila, ma manawa hoomaka ae la lakou e "dilute" na wahi lulu ho'āʻoʻia. Mua e neʻe ana i St. Petersburg, Petero puka mai ka olelo paa ma lalo i ka Moscow School oʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau'anatomia ua ohi i hoʻouluulu no ia.

Petero i ho'āʻo e hookupaa nui ae i ka papa ohi ana o curiosities i loko o ka'āina. I ka 1717, hoouna aku la oia i ka mea Voronezh commandant Stepan Kolycheva, a kena ae i ka hoopahele ae la i, "na holoholona ma ke Kakau" e pono ai no ka mea e neeaaia. Like me, ka Siberian kiaaina Gagarin i manao e hoouna aku ai i St. Petersburg leho.

ʻepekema kāna huakaʻi i

I na makahiki hope o kona ola ana, o Petero au ua pakahi aku la ia i hoihoi i ka 'ā ina, aeaaiono?, Mōʻaukala, a me ka hulikoehana bibliographical mea. Foundation o ka iau mua i loko o Rusia coincided me ka hoʻolālā o ka lehulehu huakaʻi kaua, a hiki i ka East. He nui o ia i hele ai i loko o ka huli ana o nā minelala hao e pono ai no ka mea ulu o ka wahi lulu hana. Pakahi aku la ia waiwai i loko o keia ano i ka Ural - "Stone kāʻei" o ka aina. lawe Geodetic hana i hoi mai ma na kapakai o ka Baltic, Caspian,ʻEleʻele a me Azov moana.

Ma 1716-1718 GG. kokoke Astrakhan ka mea, i loaʻa nui ke gula a me ka mea e kala ana o kahiko. Peter I (i ka mea nana i wehe i ka mua iau i loko o Rusia) e loa hoihoi i loko o kēia mau mea, ua ulu. A ua hoouna ia i St. Petersburg. Ua ua sacrificial he mau ipu, noho i loko o ka waha o ka Volga a hiki i ka pagan manawa.

Siberian huakaʻi Messerschmidt

A nui no ka Kunstkammer i loko o nā makahiki kakahiaka o ka huakaʻi, ua Daniel Messerschmidt. Ua hoʻounaʻia kēia German botanist a me kauka Petero i Siberia ma ka mea e ohi i mua i ka hailona o ke kūlana 'ikamu i "ke alii o ka Aha Kuhina." Ka Emperor (ka mea i wehe i ka iau mua i loko o Rusia) ua maopopo nö iä ia no ka waiwai o ka Siberian rarities a me ka manao i ole ia Curiosities e hemahema.

Messerschmidt ole wale ohi i rarities, akā, i ho'ākāka i ke ola a me ka 'ōlelo o ka' ōiwi kānaka o kēia mau kihi. i loaa German nä känaka 'epekema mai i nā kupa o ka lilo dala nui o ka manu a me na holoholona, aʻo ia laila, lawe mai ai i St. Petersburg. Iloko o ka huakaʻi, Messerschmidt hele i kekahiʻano o nā kūlanakauhale: Tomsk, Tobolsk, Abakan, Kuznetsk, Turukhansk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen, a pela aku ...

Mahalo i kana mau hana i loko o ka Kunstkammer ua nui mea ma luna o ka ethnography, moʻokalaleo a me ka pilikia makapō akamai o ka hikina. Ka mea, ua ka Mongol ohana, Chinese a me nā Siberian kanaka. No ka Loiloi i ka waiwai a me ka nui o na loaa o ka kūikawā Komisina i ohi ia. Messerschmidt i ua uku i na lilo o ka hele ana. No hoi me ia i lawe i ka 'iaE e hōʻike he nui mea e pili ana i ka ho'āʻoʻia ma ka hale.

Meaning Kunstkamery

Pili kēia i ka Kunstkammer o St. Petersburg ua lilo ka 'epekema kapikala o ke aupuni. Here hele mai la ka mua ponoi iau i loko o Rusia. hoomaka He nui ka waiwai kaukaualiʻi, e hoakoakoa ia lakou iho i hoiliili ole, ka mea, ma ke akea i hōʻikeʻike ma kūikawā keena.

Curiosities iho, i keia la o ka anthropology Hōʻikeʻike o Kamehameha, a kēlā lā 'ohi i ka nui nui o ka hana lehulehu. He Ua haawiia mai i ka inoa o Peter I loko o nā wahi o kona lawelawe nui ana i na wahi lulu 'epekema.