Ka 'ole o ka moku. Ano a me ka hana moku

A neʻe loa ma na muliwai a me nā kai ma luna o na moku ma ka mōʻaukala ua, ua ikeia no ka oi mamua o elima tausani makahiki. I keia wa, e like me ka nui maliuia mai terminology, he seagoing moku - he ukana, ohua a kalepa nui-pepa paia watercraft, moku - koa. Kēia heluna o na ano o na moku a me na moku e e lōʻihi. Ke kai loa kaulana - ia sailboats a me yachts, ohua moku a me na moku, waapa, tankers a me bulk nā moku halihali mokulele. Moku - o ka mokulele nā moku halihali mokulele, battleships, cruisers, i pepehi, a me ka mokuluu.

Ka 'ole o ka moku

No keia mea 'ano' ole Class 'aʻole helu' watercraft, ia mea hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o ka, he pono ole mall hehee wale. Ma ka wahi mua, o ka papa, i ka hale noho, ma a ka superstructure no kela hana, mau kia, aʻokiʻoki. An nui hehee ai o nā ipu a pau i na kiko'ī a me propellers i mau, mana mea kanu. No ka mea ola moku i nui manaʻo, nenoai, uila, hookiokio aku a me ka lako a pan o ke akea maikai.

Holo ana na moku i hoʻolako pono me ka malie a me ka likini.

Ihu i kapa mua hānai -ʻaoʻao hoʻi o ka hale a me konaʻaoʻao surfaces - aoao. Starboard oiai e neʻe i ka luina i kapaia o starboard, haʻalele - backboard.

Lalo a lalo o ka malalo o ka moku,ʻoneki - papamoe ano. I ka paa ana o ka moku - keia mea i ka lalo keena, a ua aia ma waena o ka lalo, a me ka lalo o ka papahele. Tween kapaia tweendeck.

I ka manao o ka hauna o

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka moku i nā mea a pau, ina paha he moku kaua a me ka sīwila moku, i ke kino ia mea he kūpono kino Hoʻoponopono kinona, puha loko. Ka hale noho eaaaony i ka buoyant moku, a me ka waihona ipu a pola ma i ua lele aku la lako a pan a kaua ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mākaʻikaʻi o ka moku.

i keʻano o ka moku a me ke kumu o ka kinona o ke kino, a me kona nui.

Ka hauna o ninoieo o ka huapalapala a me ka ili. Bulkheads a me kaʻoneki - mau oihana mua hoʻomaopop 'ana i loko o kekahi mauʻano o ka moku.

Paneling hiki e i ka lāʻau, i ka wā kahiko, a me keia la, Ka lula ea Ke a welded pu paha riveted kila papa a me ka ikaika pōhaku puna.

Ma kaʻaoʻao ma loko, e malama ana i ka ikaika a me ke kinona o ka hauna o plating, a kāhiko i kākoʻo 'ia e ka hoonoho rigidly interconnected kaola, lāʻau a me ke kila, a i hoʻonohonoho i loko o ka transverse a me ka lonikū kuhikuhi.

Nāʻaoʻao o ke kino loa pinepine welau a me nā kaola ikaika: ma ka hope - moku maoli a me ka ihu - kumu. Ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka moku contours o ke kakaka i e okoa. Ka mea hooholo i ka emi ana i loko o ka ia'ku ana o ka moku, ina maneuverability a me ka seaworthiness. Papa anuʻu loa kai moku ihu ho'ēmi i kā wai ia'ku, a, no laila, maoli he mämä holo o ka moku i ka, a ua hoemiia wahie hokii. A me icebreakers anei i ikaika ka lń i imua, hiki waapa e kolo ana maluna o ka hau, a pepehi aku la ia ia me kona kaumaha.

i hale noho

pono i ka hale noho o kekahi moku ikaika paa ana i loko o ka vertical, lonikū a me ka transverse kuhikuhi ana i ka oukou pale ana i ka wai puʻe, nń hawewe i nāʻino a me kekahi'ē aʻe koa i hana ma luna o laila.

Papa anuʻu loa kai hapa o ka moku haha aku i ka brunt. No laila, ma ka waena o ka keel 'ia paha i ka papa kuhikuhiE lonikū loulou ana i ke kākoʻo' ana, kūpono buckling moku - vertical fin. He holo ua pili i ka holoʻokoʻa loa o ke kino a hiki i ke kumu a me ka leo maoli, a me kona kukulu hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke 'ano o ka moku.

Ma ia laua i ka keel o ka lalo therealong i stringers, kā lākou helu hilinaʻi nui ma luna o Ana i ka moku o ka a emi i ka kakaka a me ka hope, e like me ka mea uuku me ka laula o ka lalo.

Pinepine i kaʻaoʻao keels i kau e emi i ka aoao o ke kūkulu i nā halelewa o kaʻaoʻao moku, aole lakou e ole e hele ma kēlāʻaoʻao o ke kino Ana o ka laula, a iʻokoʻa? Ieoaeunoaa iauaeoia.

Vertical kila lahilahi, i ka poe i kaheaia lalo palaoa, kaa ma ka hale noho, a welded i ka keel, a i e permeable a me ka impermeable.

ʻaoʻao o ka lalo kau o ka hoomau Recruitment, a he o stringers (lonikū lāʻau kī) a me nā mōlina (transverse iwi aoao). Anei i ua manaʻo i loko o koa shipbuilding Aʻohe wahi ponoi IeIIeYOA a me ka awelika maoli - midsection.
Kāhiko 'ia paha o kekahi ano o ka intersecting lonikū a me ka transverse kedera - kedera.

I ka iwi o ka moku

moku iwi ninoieo o ka paia waho o ka lalo a me kaʻaoʻao iwi plating, a kāhiko. Na mawahoʻili - o papamoe mau hipuu hookaawale, interconnected ma nāʻaoʻao: vnakroy, luahi carvel, herringbone.

Papa anuʻu loa kai hapa o ka moku e loa ikaika ia, no laila, i ka lalo (paila) ili kāʻei holo pūhaka waena cii. Ma ka mea hookahi mānoanoa, a me ka plating ciia ka mea, ua kapaia o shirstrekom, y me lālā luna ana kāhiko kedera.

Kāhiko aaho iho ninoieo o kā mākou lōʻihi a lahilahi, a i kākoʻo ma ka papahele hookahi kau, a hoʻohaiki ana i ka pahale makahiki o ka luna o ka moku. Ua hoonohonoho ia ka a lahilahi ma kaʻaoʻao lōʻihi o ka moku. Ka palena iki mānoanoa o ka metala, iluna no o 4 mm o. Wooden mea papa hele i ke hana, mai papa.

Kāhiko - he ohi 'ia paha, a me ka mea papa hele.

kāhiko moku

hauna o ke kiekie o ka moku o ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mauʻoneki a me nā paepae ai. Anuu - he kāhiko i mea ole ka holoʻokoʻa loa o ka moku, akā, wale ma mau i pohā.

ʻoneki i kapaʻia ma ka wahi ma luna o ka moku lalo, waena a me ka luna. Ma na welau o ka moku (ma ke kakaka a me ka hope) ma lalo o ka haʻahaʻa, iluna no e paepae ai i i manaoia e e luna-ia.

Ka helu o nāʻoneki a me nā paepae ai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka nui o ka moku, kona manao a me ka 'ole.

River na moku a me i hui hoʻokele moku i ka papa kuhikuhiE paha mauka, iluna no. Hawaii, e like me ohua moku, e e kiko'ī - he ohua moku, ekoluʻoneki.

Nui Lake ohua moku i ka palapala papahele, koe wale no ka mea nui kekahi, ho okumu i ka tween.

Moku peʻa moku paha e nunui nuiʻoneki. No ka laʻana, ma ka "Titanic" he eha o lakou, a holo i ka holoʻokoʻa loa o ka moku, me nā paepae ai mau mai i hiki kekahi i ka ihu a ma ka hope, i kekahi keʻakeʻa i loko o ke kakaka a me ka kekahi i ke aupuni 'e ma ke alo o ka moku. Na Hou Loa moku Royal Princess he umikumamaiwaʻoneki.

Luna kāhiko, ka mea, ua i kapa i ka papa kuhikuhi, a iniiaiie, ku e ka mea i kā mākou aʻo nui ma lalo o transverse mīkini'opihia a me lonikū anuenue o ka hale noho. I ka papahele o ka moku ua ana hana me ka hōʻemi iki ala i loko o ka waena o ke kakaka a me ka hope a me ka bulge i loko o ka transverse kuhikuhi, e hana ia maʻalahi e paapu mai la i na aoao o ka wai trapped ma ka papahele i ka nalu kai koʻo.

topside

Kāhiko superstructures - ma ka laula o ka moku superstructures manao ka moana. Ka mea, nāna i hana i ka paʻa ka leo, a ua hoʻohana i ka oihana a me ka hale noho akea maikai. Papa haawiia keia i ke superstructure, e no kaʻaoʻao paia luna o ka moku. Akā, ka hapanui o ka makahiki ma luna o ka luna, iluna no, aole ia e nae i ka aoao. Nolaila, eia kekahi mauʻike mau mahele ma ka pono hoʻokomo-ins mea i aia ma luna o ka lōʻihi 'ano nui o ka moku, a me ka ana no hoi superstructure, akā, pōkole.

Mai ka luna papahele o ka moku ua maheleia i pauku, kela mea keia mea me kona inoa iho,ʻo ia ka inoa i haawiia i ka a hui-ins, ka mea, i ke aupuni ': pahu ukana a kukuli, hope paha Jutes a me ka awelika. Forecastle - kulou superstructure - ua manaoia, e hoomahuahua i ka ihu o ka hinu hauna.

Ka pahu ke paa mai i ka 2/3 o ka lōʻihi o ka moku. Ke elongated pahu ua kau ma luna o ohua moku keena a me ka ukana moku - ukana tweendeck.
Ma ka mea mahope superstructure - ka POOP paha poop - ma ka waiwai moku hooponopono kūpono no ke kime.

Ma waena o nā pā kaua pale kaua kāhiko superstructures, a e hoomalu i ka papahele, mai ka wai hālani wai.

Ma na moku, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano a me ka manao ana o ka moku, ana ua lawe mai i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Ma riverboats kapa kālai lāʻauʻana wale nō ka lumi ma i ua aia ka huila a me ka Radio, a me nā mea a pau i nā hale ma luna o ka luna, iluna no - hui-Koʻo.

moku compartments

Ka 'ole o ka moku koa a sīwila moku hoʻohuʻu watertight compartments, i mahuahua ai kona unsinkable.

Ke keena vertical paia (bulkheads) paʻa watertight, hookaawale iho la ma ka lōʻihi o ka na ka leo o ka moku i loko o compartments. Ka mea, pale aku ua poino ka wai e hoopiha mai ana i ka holoʻokoʻa kipi ka leo i loko o ka papa anuʻu loa kai hapa o ka moku, a me ka laha ana o ke ahi.

Nā compartments o ka moku, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka palapala noi, i kā lākou mau inoa. Major mana mea kanu Ua hoʻouka kekahi ma ka pahu, a ua kapaia ka Hawaii a me ka engine lumi. Ke engine lumi o ka ieoaeunoai watertight hookaawale ia e ka paku. Wahie, e kaʻi aku i ka waiwai compartments (paa). Ke ola hapaha no ka luina a me ka ohua haawiia i noho a me ka ohua kaua. I wahie waiho i loko o ka wahie pahu.

Pa ma na compartments ho'ā pale kaua bulkheads. Ia e hiki ke komo i loko o ka compartments i loko o nā hatches hahi kāhiko i mau huinahń loa shape. Lākou nui hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mākaʻikaʻi compartments.

Moku propulsion'ōnaehana

Mana mea kanu ma luna o ka moku - na kiko'ī a me nā kākoʻo hana, i ole wale e alakai ai i ka neʻe o ka moku wale no, aka, i hoolako ia me ka uila.

I ka holo ana o ka moku o ka papa kuhikuhiE engine, propeller ka moku i ka, shafting pili.

Kākoʻo maomeka hoolako i ka moku me ka uila, desalinated ka wai, mahu.

E like me ka loina o ka hana, a me nā 'ano o ka papa kuhikuhiE engine, a me ka ikehu kumu moku propulsion'ōnaehana ole paha ia i ka mahu-mīkini peahi uila, kakolina diesel, dizelturbinnoy, kinoea mīkini peahi uila,'ātoma a hui.

Moku manaʻo a me nā 'oihana

moku hale -ʻaʻole pono i ka hauna a me ka superstructure, ia mea no hoi he meaola mea, kūikawā lako a pan, a kāhiko maomeka e hōʻoia 'ana o ka moku. Me ke kōmike hoʻokele a me ka heleuma i na mea maalea e ole ho i ka moku i kanaka mamao mai shipbuilding. A i loko o kēlā ipu ua towing, wahi, waapa, he waiwai pa alima. A pau o ia i hoʻohana a me ka mālama 'ia kāhiko kākoʻo maomeka, i nā kōmike hoʻokele kona kapa, towing, kona kalaka a me ka moku winches, EII ni a me ka oi.

Moku nenoai - Ua nui kilomika pipelines me EII ni, kani a me ka manaʻo, ma ka mea o ka i ua EII ni i ka wai, mai ka paa ole ua lako i ka inu i ka wai a me ka hua wastewater ma ka hihia o ke ahi, aka hahana maoli nō kēia, hoʻokomo ea a me ka ea hoʻoikaika kino.

Maomeka o ka engine lumi no ka hoolako wahie Kulekele Hoʻohana engine nenoaiu, ea no ka mea'opihia ea ho'ēmi kiko'ī.

Me ka uila, hoa aela ua hoakaka ia ma luna o ka moku a me ka hana ana o maomeka a me ka maalea, e hiki i mana ma ka shipboard mana. All moku kēia i hoʻolako pono me Ka Uluwehi O Ke hoʻokele lako a pan e hooholo i ka olelo o ka hele (papa) a me ka hohonu, ke ana ana i holo mai ka māmā holo, a keʻakeʻa nei ka loaʻaʻana i ka ohu a me oncoming moku.

Mawaho a me na palapala a ma luna o ka moku ma ka mea o ka Radio? Ieaoa: Radio, VHF Radio helu kelepona, meaola kelepona kūkaʻi.

moku pā

Meaola eiiieaena e, na mea a pau i ko lakou helu ua ma luna o ka moku, māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau pūʻulu.

Kēia noho no ke kime (aliʻi ka kāpena, a me ka forecastle) a me ka ohua (keena o okoa nui like 'ole).

Ohua liner akā, ka mea i pohihihi i keia la. Mau kanaka ae ia lakou iho, e hoʻoneʻe i na mea mämä holo no ka lōʻihi mamao. Nui wikiwiki 'oe ke hana i ka holo. No laila, i ka ohua kāpena - ia hou no moku peʻa moku.

Ohua kāpena, o ka oi aku ma ka moku peʻa moku, ma ka oluolu māheleʻia i loko o kekahi mau papa. Ke simplest kāpena kohu ke alahao kaa pahu me ka eha shelves, a me kaʻaneʻane ole lako, pinepine alo i loko o ke kino, a i ole porthole a window, me kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni kau iho. A liner Royal Princess kaumaha ohua a me ka'āina hoʻohiwahiwa elua-lumi Ka Pakipika me nā nā lānai.

Kāpena ma luna o ka moku, ka moku o ke koa - mea he restroom kauoha mai luna. Ka luna koa a me ka papa kiʻekiʻe luna i kaawale hookahi keena.

Ka halawai ana me na keena - ka waena, cinemas, Hawaii, hale waihona puke. No ka laʻana, ka moku peʻa moku Oasis o ka moana ma ka papa, he 20 Hawaii, he maoli hau rink, he Hale Piliwaiwai, a me ka hana keaka no ka i ka 1380 nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi, he nightclub, he Jazz laau palau, a me ka Ho.

No ka hui hoʻomaʻemaʻe a? Aneiai wahi nā kou niho (holoi lumi, ka ua, make up, aaiy) a me ko ka hale ona, i loaʻa ai, a pau keia ano o ka pūnaewele a me ka pili i ka hoʻoponopono lumi.

Ma oihana ohua i ana hōʻole ke kula. 'O kēia ka lumi ma i ka hooponopono ana o ka moku, a me ka Radio pono, engine lumi, Workshop, papaa no iāʻoe māhele a me nā meaola lāʻau kūpeʻe.
A hiki i ka pā o keia nā ukana paa, waiho waho pūnaewele o ka p ÷ haku a me ke kinowai ai mōʻalihaku.

holo moku

holo moku ka mea he wahi okoa, mai ka maʻamau moku. Wale rig a me ka likini.

Rig - he ohi ana a pau o ka moku i holo loa. Kia - lāliʻi mea pono e lawe i ka holo. Kēia kia, spars, kia, bowsprit,'iako a me nā kumu mua kama'āina mai nā puke e pili ana i pirates o ka hala kenekulia.

Special kapa, Via a i kekahi paʻaʻoihana o ke kia, a me ke kia bowsprit i kapaia e ku ana likini, e like me lāʻau malumalu. Oia pōkā pū koe wahi, a ua i mai o ka manoanoa Smolenov ua hanaʻia, mai kanu mea a galvanized hao a me kila kaula, a ma kekahi wahi - nā kaula.

Hoʻoneʻe kapa, ma a na holo hou aku i hāʻawi maʻemaʻe a me ka hana 'ē aʻe hana pili i ka hooponopono ana o ka holo moku, kapa holo likini. 'O kēia ka a lahilahi, halyards a me nā kumu i ka'ōlewa kila, kemikala a hemp kaula.

Ma nā mea a pau'ē aʻe, ao ke ano, a hiki ma ka helu o nāʻoneki, holo moku e like me ka hoa.

Mnogopalubnoe moku ma lalo o holo iʻikeʻia i loko o ka XVI kenekulia. Ma Spanish Galleon ke kaumaha ma muli o ka pohupani hale hiki e mai ka 2 a hiki i 7ʻoneki. Ke superstructure ua i kūkuluʻia i loko o kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, ma i na wahi e noho ana i aia no na ohua a luina o luna.

Ka 'ole o ka moku, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, kona walaʻauʻana mall oihana mua i mai i hilinaʻi ma luna o ka' ano a me ka manao ana o ka moku, ina sailboats, puhiia e ka makani ikaika, i ka inflator holo hou aku i 'ole huila mau moku me ka mahu engine me ka engine, moku peʻa liners me ka mahu mīkini peahi uila mea hoʻonoho, a nukelea-mana icebreakers.