Ka Red Book o ka Tyumen māhele: mea kanu, na holoholona, na manu

Tyumen māhele He hapa o Western Siberia. Kona maoli rula i loa loa, akā, i nā flora a? Aaoa mea nui loa kona waiwai. A nui loa na makana i ka mālama ua hana i ka Book Red o ka Tyumen māhele.

A iki e pili ana i ka wahi

Tyumen Māhele 'o kekahi hapa o ka Urals Pekelala Apana a me ka pili ana i ka aina o Western Siberia. Together me ka hana nona iho wahi ia i'ō, mai ka hema palena o ka aina a hiki i na kapakai o ka Arctic Ocean. I kokoke Arkhangelsk, Kurgan, Omsk, Sverdlovsk District, Komi, Krasnoyarsk māhele 'āina a me aneea oneiaey.

Māhele o ke kolu o ka nui loa wahi (1.4 sq. M. Km). Kona heluna kanaka o 3,6 miliona kanaka. Hooponopono o ka Tyumen māhele? Aniiei? I loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE kūlanakauhale - Tyumen, a lilo iho la ia i ka mua Lūkini kulanakauhale ma Siberia i ka 1586.

Prior i ka mea, i noho i ka aina ma ka Mansi, Khanty, Selkup, Nenets paha Samoyeds, a me Turkicʻohana i shape ma manawa i loko o ka lāhui pūʻulu o Siberian Tatars. Mai ka XIV kenekulia, ka ?? eoi? Ua hapa o ka Tyumen nui māhele'āina, a laila, i ka Siberian Khanate. I ka 1582 Ural poʻe kālepa e hoolimalimaia Cossacks naʻi mau aina, he paki i ka Khanate. Currently ka mau heluna - Russian.

¶ A i loko o ke kula o ka ulu uila mana hana, ka wahie i hana, i nā puke a i na lalani mua i loko o Rusia. Alakai aku ia eanie?, Laau holoholona Ua oi ma mua o ka ieeeea? Cubic mika. I ka mahiʻai, hoʻokō '3 wale% o ka aina.

Nature a me ka Hoikehonua,

No kona nui i ka māhele 'āina mea lua wale i ka Krasnoyarsk māhele' āina a me Yakutia. Nui māhele'āina ua aia i loko o ka tundra, Artic wao nahele, nahele tundra, taiga, nahele a me ka hui ululaau. More ma mua o 90% o ka aina, noonoo iho la ia ia i ka Hōʻole akula Akau.

Natural a climatic aku ana i hoʻohalahalaʻaneʻi. hau paa manawa i loko o kekahi kumu o ka māhele 'āina papa koa, mai 140 a hiki i 200 mau lā. Ka awelika January ka mahana papa koa, mai - 16 i - 26 ^C. I ke kau, i kaʻawelike mālama i puni ka hola 19 degere.

I ka'āina o ka hapanui palahalaha papu. Taiga nahele uhi nui o ka wahi. Ma ka hema loa o ka wahi o ka moorland kanu a me ka nahele-hehi. Ke ano o ka Tyumen māhele mea waiwai, a pēlā nō, hoʻowahāwahā i ka loa ana.

Ka māhele 'āina i oi mamua o 70 tausani muliwai, a kahawai, e pili ana i ka ia o ic ??. Ka huina pau loa o ka muliwai - ma kahi o 10 kilomika. Ka nui loa muliwai i ka Irtysh, Tobol, Ishish. Ka mea, i ke aupuni 'Reservoir a ieie-mea kanu. Ma ka hema o ka pono palemo iho uka o ic ?? ma ke kikowaena a me ka'ākau hapa - Marsh a me thermokarst.

Ka Red Book o ka Tyumen māhele

Full papa inoa o miomio, miomio a me ka pohihihi keia holoholona, mea kanu a me nā fungi i heluʻia i loko o ka Book Red o ka māhele 'āina. Tyumen nui māhele'āina noho kia'āina 'i kauoha kona hanaia'na hoʻi i loko o ka makahiki 1999. Ke hōʻano hou a me ka hoʻokuʻu 'reissues o ka puke, ua koi ka hola i nā luna a pau umikumamalima makahiki.

Ka Red Book o ka Tyumen māhele kikowaena 711? Ueony, oi aku 250 laha 'o nā mea kanu a me nā fungi a me lichens. Ua ninoieo o eono (me Aʻohe) o ka papa kuhikuhiE waeʻano, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui o ke ola meaola. Ke'ī mai, i ka lima o ka waeʻano (V) o ia hoʻi, he? Ueo kona helu ua hoemi, a aole hoi e pono ai i nā hana e ke kanaka.

By Mahele IV, he ano o ka 'ike a me ka heluna kanaka i' ole loa uuku. Ke kolu o ka waeʻano ka loaʻa o pohihihi keia, a IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE paha endemic laha ', i ka lua o ka - e emi, a hiki i ka mea mua - miomio. 'Aʻohe kekahi mau' ike e pili ana i ka ia paha i mea ole? Ueo o flora a me? Aaoa, a me ka 'ike e pili ana ia mea i oi ma mua o ka hapalua o ka kenekulia.

mammals

Animals o ka Book Ula o ka Tyumen māhele 'āina e,ʻaʻole i hōʻikeʻia i loko o kekahi papa, a ua māheleʻia i loko o iiaciiie-waeʻano, ke kaumaha ma muli kona' ano, papa, a pae. helu 'ia ma kai hare hoi (III waeʻano) i waena o mammals - wepa' elele. Ololi ke kaupalenaʻana kona hoolaha aku, e like me ia no nā holoholona, ka haumia ea, poaching.

Pohihihi keia? Ueo: Europa hare hoi, nui jerboa, Korsak, Polar bea, reindeer. Ka helu o Jungar hamster a me ka'ākau pikas loli aʻe nui a me ka hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka malie olelo - manawa o ka wi, ka ua, hau.

Poaching a me ka nele o ka ai kumu waiwai, emi ka helu o walruses, narwhals akau e pili ana i ka II waeʻano. No ka mea ua kumu, i ka bowhead okohola, e noho ana i loko o ka Kara kai, o ka miomio o? Ueo. I ka nalowaleʻana o ka maka, a me ka Europa mink, a 'Imi displaces American mink.

Fish, amphibians, arthropods

Red Book memo ka Tyumen māhele 10 laha 'o ka iʻa a me ka cyclostomes, 7 amphibians a me amphibians, oi ma mua o 100 arthropods. Natural kumu ua loli wale ma ka helu o ka bullhead, ka iʻa a me na mea e ae cyclostomes (trout, keʻokeʻo Salemona, Siberian sturgeon a me D. no laila, ma luna o.) O make no ka hana kanaka.

I waena o nā mea kolo, a amphibians i manaoia pohihihi keia legless moo Anguis fragilis, hoi, e like me ka mea a pau rana. I ka la mahope ua ike ia i ka pahikauaʻala o ka kālika. Siberian salamander a me ka newt i kūlana, ma ka pono o ka mālamaʻAno, malimali nahesa a me ka mauu rana hoʻomaka koke emi i loko o ka huina.

Papa Inoa o arthropods o ka Red Book mea nui. Pohihihi keia? Ueo i hema Lūkini tarantulas - ka nui punawelewele, i loko o ka māhele 'āina. Nō hoʻi i loko o kēia waeʻano ikea kekahi dragonflies, mauna cicadas,'ūhini lele me, lōʻihi-pepeiaohao'ūhini lele me, weevils, ano o ladybirds, a nō ka umikumamalua mau kiko. Grassy a barbel ua kuhi miomio.

manu

Manu o ka Tyumen māhele 'āina, i makemake ai e like me ka miomio, helu 117? Ueo. O kēia mau mea, 74? Ueo e noi mai ana a eia i ka mālamaʻana i ka aoao o ke kanaka, no ka mea, ua pohihihi keia, a kūlana. I waena o kēia mauʻano o ka petrel kapaia i hawawa, Duck shelduck, Siberian a me ka ho'ānoʻole eider, griffon manu, krechanka, moorhen. Mau manu i heluʻia i loko o ka i paiiaʻi o ka puke.

Ka papa kuhikuhiEʻaoʻao haawi 'ike hou aku e pili ana i kela a me keia, o ka a loaʻa nō 43. ka miomio o Savka, nahesaʻaeto, nā manuʻioʻio, Siberian manu'ū. Mawaena o ka mea pohihihi a me ka emi ana ma ka helu o? Ueo ikeia pueo Dalmatian pelikana, flamingo, nui kikokikoʻaeto, Bewick ka noketura, osprey.

Ke au ma ka heluna kanaka ke ola malama i aa noketura a me ka pelikana. I mea ole? Ueo i manaoia bustard, kaukaualiʻi kestrel, pohaku curlew a me ka uuku bustard.

mea kanu

elua haneri More ma mua o laha 'o flora fixes Red Buke o ka Tyumen māhele. Mea kanu e maheleia i angiosperms, Fern, bryophytes a me plaunoobraznye. I waena o angiosperms pohihihi a me ka emi ana ma loa i kekahi mauʻano o nā onions (palupalu, heʻupena), sedges (wehe, mauna, Hawaiian), Rhynchospora Alba. Russian nalo iris, Marsh ke kalamo.

Mawaena o na Fern nalo a me ka ihe-hoʻokino lanceolate moonwort mnogoryadnik. Ka i koe? Ueo i pohihihi paha 'Imi hoemi i ka helu. No ka laʻana, Alpine Woods, a me kekahi colutea Dryopteris. I waena o ka limu a me ka limu, e noi ana e hoolohe i Baranez, likopodiella, enkalipta, Meese.

Na ke kaupalenaʻana ololi no na mea kanu mea hoʻouku. Inā he mālili ana ma mines alakai ana i ka lukuia'na o ko lākou maoli kaianoho koholā. Poino, no ka laʻana, curly skrytokuchnitsa, Kosten'ōmaʻomaʻo, Aia ma luna o limestone haahaa.

Fungi a me lichens

I ka huina helu o nā fungi a me lichens i loko o ka puke - ma kahi o ke kanakolu. Mai edible fungi hiki ke kapa keʻokeʻo Boletus, ke anawaena o kona chap kekahi manawa ihoiho 25 kenimika. Ua ulu i malu mau o ka tidara, a Aspen (CO) ululaau. 'ē-nana mutinus caninus mea edible wale ia ia mea i loko o ka hua iwi.

Noonoo pohihihi lacquered a poʻo-yellow Polypore, i manao ai onniya, datroniya, abortipus kau, hericium coralloides. A pohihihi keia he poni cortinarius i manaoia edible. Ma waho aʻeo i ka Tyumen māhele 'āina, ka mea, ua loaʻa i loko o ka Primorsky a Krasnoyarsk nā panalāʻau e.

Mawaena o ka mea pohihihi keia lichens i asahineya Scholander, omfalina Hudson, helu i loko o ka Book Red o Rusia. Ke kumu o ko lākou mau ia'na ua lilo ka waiwai a me ka oo? Enonei-? Aayoaeuiinoe o ke kanaka. No ka nalo koke akemāmā Lobar ke kaupalenaʻana ololi o ka lewa haumia ea.

hoomalu ana cii

Me ke koe, a me ke koe o ka Tyumen māhele hoʻokumu no ka maluhia o ka mea kanu a me nā holoholona laha ', a me ka malama waiwai kūlohelohe Landskap. Ka nui loa o nâ pâʻani i ke koe nō i loko o ka'āinaʻo Kunyaksky, Vikulov a me Tyumen.

Huina hookoe i loko o nā aupuni pekelala a me ka 95 o nā 'āina manaʻo nui. I Ugra a Yamal wahi i eha hoomaluia wahi - ke keena Taz, Yugansky, "Malaya Sosva" Nature Reserve, a Gyda.

Luna Taz Reserve ua aia ma luna o nā kumu o nā mauna i i 50 mau mika i loko o kona kiʻekiʻe. Ma kona mau mokuna lehulehu muliwai na awawa a me na awawa, e lilo i maikaʻi wahi no ke ola o ka pohihihi keia holoholona a me nā mea kanu. He wahi noho i ka pohihihi keia Siberian salamander, moo, moonihoawa, wolverine, Moose, ulu lāʻau kedera, spruce, larch.