Kāinoa o ke ana: GOST, decoding a me nā inoa

'O ka hō'ailona o ka pahu ke ho'ohana'ia'ana o ka'ōpū o nā'ano'oko'a like'ole, ka lepili'ana, ka ho'ohana'ana i nā lepili a me nā tagima, a me nā marker. Ke kūkā nei ka peni e pili ana i nā mea o ke kaula a hā'awi iā'oe e'ike i nā mea like'ole.

He aha ke'ano o ke kaula?

'O ka hō'ailona'ana o nā kaula i kaha'ia me nā leka e hō'ike ana i nā mea o nā'ōpū, ka uhi'ana, nā veins i hana'ia, a me ke'ano o ka pale. 'O nā koho'ana no nā laina ki'eki'e voltage me nā hi'ohi'ona ho'olālā.

'A'ole i laka'ia nā kānana kī'ole ma ke kaha ki'i me kahi huapalapala. 'O ka'oihana alumina ka leka "A", e kū ana i ka ho'omaka'ana o ka maka. A laila hele mai ka leka e kuhikuhi ai i ka mea hilahila. Ke uhi'ia'ana o ka polyethylene - ka huapalapala "P", ua koho'ia ka polyvinyl chloride e ka huapalapala "B", a ua koho'ia ka ho'onani pale i ka huapalapala "P". 'O ka hua'ōlelo "A" - aluminika, ka huapalapala "C" - alaka'i, ka huapalapala "P" - kahi pulupulu polyethylene, ka huapalapala "B" - ka pūpū o ka chloride polyvinyl, ka pūpuni kala - ka huapalapala "P" . 'O nā leka hope loa e hō'ike ana i ke'ano o ka uhi.

Eia kekahi la'ana, he'ula'ula keleawe, ka'opi pepa, kahi pū po'ohiwi, ka'amu "SG",'a'ohe uhi pale. 'O ka hō'ailona o ke kola i ho'opiha'ia i ka'aila i loko o ka huapalapala "M" (ka'ohana piha - ka leka "G") a me kahi leka e hō'ike ana i ke'ano o ka hamo a me nā'ano pili. Eia kekahi la'ana,'o ke kaula "MNS" he'onika i ho'opiha'ia i ka'aila, me ka ha'aha'a ha'aha'a, ma kahi pū'ā iwi i loa'a kahi uhi pale.

Peni o nā kaula a me ka uwea ua lawe mai ma na huahelu a me ka palapala ma ka moku'āina puke maʻamau, a me ka hoakaka: GOST 16442-80 a me TU16.71-277-98.

Ke kāko'o'ana i nā kaula mana me ka pale a me ka ho'onani PVC

• "A", 'o ia ho'i nā mea'enela, alumini. Inā'a'ohe palapala, a laila'o ke keleawe ka mea.
• "AC" he kumu alumina me ke kī o ke kaula i hana'ia ma ke po'o.
• 'O "AA" kahi kumu kumu alumina me kahi kī lapa i hana'ia o ka alumini.
• "B" - mai nei i ka uwea i kapa kila, ka mea, ua i mai o nā papa o ka leki me ka kūikawā ka popopo hoʻopale ka penaʻana.
• "B" - aia kekahi hale mālama palekana,'a'ole e kāko'o i ka puhi.
• "B" - kū i ka mua a i ka lua a me ke'ano "polyvinylchloride shell".
• "Ke" G "he kaupili hiki'ole ke uhi'ia, inā" G "ke hopena. Inā ho'omaka ke "G" i ka ho'omaka, ho'ohana'ia ia ma ka'oihana'oihana.
• "2g" - aia kekahi'āpana aluminopolymer hou.
• "Шв" - aia kekahi pale lole pale o ke kaula, e like me ka pulupulu PVC (extruded).
• "Шп" -'o ke kaupa'a he polyethylene.
• "Шпс" - ka polethylene ka ho'opau pono.
• "K" - inā aia ka leka i ka ho'omaka o ka maka, a laila ke kelepona lālā. Inā ma ka hopena, i ke kapa kila ua i ke kila kaula, a ua pohole wahī.
• 'O ke KG he kaula ma'alahi.
• "C" e pili ana i ka poho alaka'i o ke kaula.
• "E" - hana'ia ka pū i nā māhele a pau o ke kaula.
• "Pv" - i loko o ka polyethylene.
• "P" - ua hana'ia ke kāpili kelepona i ke kapa.
• "HP" -'a'ole e ho'olālā ke kikowaena o ke kaula.
• "Ng" - i ka hopena a me ke'ano o ke kala'ole.

Kākau'ia ma ka huahana BIP

Ka hana'ana i ke kapo o ka moku TRICE e like me GOST 18410-73 (pepa, ke kinikini i ho'okau'ia):

• 'O "A" ka mea alumina.
• 'O "B" - ke kīpē'ia ka pale kaua e nā lipolima kikokikona.
• "AB" - ka pale umauma.
• "SB" - kahi alaka'i pale kaua.
• "C" - nā mea āpau.
• "'O" - noho i kahi po'o.
• "P" - ke kapa kila i hana'ia i nā kaula kila'oi'oi.
• "K" - ua hana'ia ke kī'aha o nā kaula hana ho'oili'ia.
• "B" - ka'opipala pepa, a he'oi aku ka palaho.
• "B" -'a'ohe piluna.
• "L" - aia kekahi piluna, a me kahi lipona lavanni.
• "2L" - i loko o ka papalua.
• "G" -'a'ohe uhi pale.
• "N" - hiki ke kūpa'a ka puka waho. Hā'awi'ia kēia ma hope o ka mālama'ana.
• "Shv" - ua pani'ia ka uhi i kahi kānana i ho'oku'u'ia i loko o ka polyvinyl chloride.
• "Shp" - ke pani'ia ka uhi e kahi pulupulu i unuhi'ia i loko o ka polyethylene.
• "Швпг" - PVC he ha'aha'a li'ili'i.
• "'Ozh" - nā'elemakahi ho'okahi. Ua waiho'ia ma ka hopena.
• "U" - ka'opi pepa, kahi ki'eki'e wela o ka ho'omehana.
• "C" - ka'opi pepa, kahi i ho'opili'ia me ka ho'ohui'ole.

Kelepona'ike

Ke kāko'o'ana i ke kelepili lālā:

• "A" - he'ōmole o ka aluminika a me ke keleawe paha, inā'a'ole kahi mea mana.
• "B" - (('elua) POLC.
• 'O "B" ka ipu ('ekolu) PVC.
• "P" - polyethylene kaola.
• "Ps" - ka pale'ana o ka polyethylene.
• "G" -'a'ohe pale pale.
• "Р" - ho'onani pale.
• "K" - (('elua a i'ole ka leka mua) ke kelepona lālā.
• 'O ke KG he kaula ma'alahi.
• "F" - ka palepale fluoroplastic.
• "E" - inā ma ka ho'omaka, he kaula kelepona, kahi i'ōlelo'ia ai he kūpono ia no nā'ano ma'amau, a inā ma ka hopena a ma waena paha, a laila, he kāpili pale i ho'ohana'ia no ka pale'ana i ka ho'oku'u electromagnetic.

Me ka ho'ohana'ana i nā leka me nā helu

Eia kekahi aia i ka helu'ana o ke kaula alphanumeric. Hō'ike:

• AVVGng 3x4 -'ekolu-po'o, kelepona alumini. Me kahi'āpana o 4 mau kihi. 'O ka pūpū a me ka ho'onoe'ana o ka polyvinyl chloride,'a'ohe pale pale,'a'ole ia e'ākau i ka puhi.
• PVG 3x2.5 -'ekolu-nui kelepona, keleawe. Me kahi'āpana o 2.5 mau mika. Aia ka ho'onani polyethylene. 'O ka shell mālama he polyvinyl chloride,'a'ohe pale pale.
• ASB 7x2.5 - kele'ehiku-nui, alumini. Me kahi'āpana o 2.5 mau mika. Aia ka pū i alaka'i, aia kahi mea kaua.

'O ia, e hō'ike ana kēia hō'ailona i ka māhele o nā māmā a me ko lākou helu.

Ke ho'ākāka'ana i kahi ho'oponopono kūikawā

Ka hana'ana i nā laina a me nā kaula i loa'a kahi hō'ailona kūikawā:

• KSPV - ua ho'olālā'ia nā kinikini no ka ho'onohonoho pono'ana i ka shell.
• KPSVV - ua ho'olālā'ia nā'awa no ka hō'ailona ahi.
• KPSVEV - ho'olālā'ia nā lepa no ka'ō'ana o ke ahi,'o lākou wale nō ka pākū.
• PNSV - ke kaula uila me kahi kumu kila.
• ПВ-1, ПВ-3 - kelepona me ka ho'oka'awale'ana mai ka vinyl. Ka māmā o ke po'o - class 1.3.
• 'O PVA he leka me kahi'ona vinyl (e pili ana).
• ШВВП - he kaula me ka ho'oka'awale'ana mai ka vinyl (flat).
• PPPP - ke leka uila ma'amau.
• PUGNP - ke leka uila ma'amau.

Ka'oko'a ma waena o nā huahana me nā hā'ina like'ole

No ka ho'ohana pono'ana i nā kaula, pono'oe e'ike i waena o lākou. No ka ma'alahi'ana, aia ke kaula i ho'ololi'ia.

No ka'ike'ana i nā kaula ke ho'ohana i nā'ōlena,'ele'ele,'ula'ula, melemele,'alani,'ōma'oma'o,'ula'ula. A he uliuli, ke'oke'o, ke'oke'o, he'ula'ula a me ka'ōma'oma'o Ua ho'okumu'ia kēia papahana e like me GOST.

'O ka leka polū no ka mea alaka'i alaka'i a'oi'ole.

Hiki ke ho'ohana'ia nā hui like'ole. 'A'ole hiki ke ho'ohana'ia ka lanu'ōma'oma'o a me ka'ula'ula i loko o nā hui like'ole, koe wale no ka hui melemele-'ōma'oma'o, a ho'ohana'ia e koho i kekahi mea ho'okele pale pale.

Inā hui'ia ka pale pale a me ka mea hana kalaiwa'ole, ua koho'ia lākou ma ka lō'ihi a pau e kahi hui melemele-'ōma'oma'o, a ma ka hopena, he'ōma'oma'o-anuanu paha, ai'ole he kukui-'āle'ele i ka lō'ihi a pau, a ma nā hopena e hui pū'ia me ka'ōma'oma'u a me ka'ōma'oma'o.

Nā hō'ailona o ka hō'ailona o nā māmā:

1. ka hō'āia o ke koko, i ho'ohui'ia me ka polyvinylchloride plastic:

- Kelepona'elima: kele'ele, blue, brown, a hui pū paha o ka'ōma'oma'a a me ka'ōma'oma'o,'ele'ele, uliuli;

- keleona'ehā-wire: kahi hui o ka'ōma'oma'u a me ka'ōma'oma'o (ka mea ha'una kia'i pale),'ele'ele, uliuli,'ō'ele.

2. Aia kekahi'ike'ike kala no'ekolu mau helu ho'okahi-nui, i pena'ia i ka'ele'ele:

- kekahi lepe i loa'a ka laikini uliuli;

- ho'okahi kelepona me ka palapala'ole a me ka hō'ailona uliuli;

- ho'okahi lepe i loa'a kahi lepolima.

3. ka'ike helu i ka helu hana o nā kaapuni:

- no ka mea o nā mea conductors i nā pō'ai mana, ua'ele'ele;

- no nā conductors i nā ka'ina hana, ka hō'ailona a me ke ana o kēia manawa, a he loli, ua'ula'ula;

- no nā mīkini e nānā i nā ka'ina hana, ka hō'ailona a me ka ma'amau DC, he uliuli;

- no nā pale conductive pale - he hui pū me ka melemele a me ka'ōma'oma'o;

- no nā mīkini e pili ana i kekahi mea ho'okele pono'ole a'a'ole i mana'o'ia no ka ho'oulu'ana, he uliuli.

Nā hua'ōlelo i ho'ohana'ia no nā mea kākau

Ho'ohana'ia nā mākau no ke kāinoa'ana o ke kaula no ka'ike'ana i ka mana a me ka mana. Ua hana'ia lākou e ka polypropylene.

Inā loaʻa i huna pilina uwea a me nāʻohe i loko o ka pā pōhaku, e pili omaka Tags i ka uwea mākeke, a me ka muliwai, i na punawai a me sewage keʻena hihia a me ka huina pahu. Ma ka hihia o ka uwea hoʻolele leo i 'ae' Tags i loko o kela a me keia pahu, a me coupler, a ma ka hopena. No ka ho'ouka'ana i ke kaula i nā wahi lepo, ua hana'ia nā mea i ulana.

'O nā'anu'u:

- Ula uila U-134;

- kele ana i ke kani У-153;

- Ula uila U-135;

- Kele uila U-136.

Ho'opuka

No laila, e like me ka mea i'ike'ia ma ka mea kākau,'o ka hō'ailona'ana o nā kaula a me nā kaula (GOST, ma ke ala, eia ka mea e pono e uku ai ka mea kū'ai i ke kū'ai'ana) he'ano like'ole. A'o ka mea ma'amau,'a'ole ia e ma'alahi e'ike. No laila, ke'ōlelo nei mākou iā'oe e ho'ohana i nā mea lapa'au e hana me nā kaula a me nā kaula. Hiki ke maika'i inā'a'ole nā'oihana o kēia haku e komo i ka hana pono wale nō, akā,'o ke kū'ai'ana i nā mea e pono ai, o lilo'oe i mea kānalua. Inā koho'oe e ho'oikaika i kekahi hana e pili ana i nā kaula a me nā kaula, a laila pono'oe e'olu'olu i kēia mea pilikia!