Ke iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumu, ka hoʻololi mai i ka iniiaiie a hiki i ka haumāna' ole o ke kumu

Na lola honua hui, o ka hapanui kiekie ae spore, gymnosperms a me flowering mea kanu - ke kumu. He muaʻia i loko o ka limu, a hanaʻia,ʻaʻole wale i ka hana o ke kākoʻo, akā, no hoi ua hoakaka pau i nā wahi a pau o ka mea kanu me ka wai a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe mea pōhaku paʻakai. Ma gymnosperms a me angiosperms nāna i hana i ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu e hoʻomōhala ai, mai ka embryonic kumu. Hope i hana mole'ōnaehana, me ka 'ole o i mea okoa ma monocots a me dicots. Ma keia 'atikala mākou e nānā i ka iniiaiie a me ka haumāna aa anatomical' ole o ka flowering mea kanu nona ka hua i mau cotyledons, a me ka ho'ākāka examples hōʻike i ke kūlana o ka mea kanu nā'aʻaʻa a me ka mall hehee wale o ka lola honua hapa i kaulike ka functioning o ke kino o ka mea kanu.

Ke embryonic mole a me kona ulu

Ma ka hua germination e hoʻomōhala ana i ka hapa mua o ka nucleus, kapaia germinal spine. Ua ninoieo o ka hoʻonaʻauao'aʻaʻa keena - ka iniiaiie meristem, apical hapa o i ua kapaia ka apex. Iloko o ka mitotic mahele o kona constituent aeee i hanaʻia ma ka iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumu, he o rhizodermis, iniiaiie cortex a me ka iho paukūʻolokaʻa. E noho mākou ma ka morphological a me ka physiological ano o ka iniiaiie hoʻonaʻauao lole, Aia ma ka luna o nā embryonic aa, a ma ka apical hapa o ka opiopio aa: i ka papa kuhikuhiE, kīloi paʻewa a me ka mea kalaima. ? Ueony inoa hope, ka hapanui i loaʻa i loko o monocots. Ka mea, hoʻomōhala mai ka lalo o ke kumu. Pela o ka apex o ka loiloi mua keena. Ma ka hooulu ana kaʻina hana, e hana i ka iniiaiie meristem. Ma lalo o kona papa helu kuhi puke differentiation o aeea hale alakai ana i ke ano o ka mea ua loaʻa hoʻonaʻauao'aʻaʻa anatomic 'ole ke kumu o ka iniiaiie kumu. I ka mea kanu, Ua ahu a keʻano o nā haumāna meristems, kapa cambium a me ka fellogenom.

Rhizodermis: 'ole a me ka manaʻo

Rizoderma a rhizodermis mea he ka penaʻana ahu iho la ka'aʻaʻa keena manaʻo ma luna o ka Central opiopio aa hiki mea a me kaʻaoʻao mau lala. Most nui no ke kanu ka mea, o kekahi hapa o ka uhi lole, a ua hoʻonohonoho i loko o ke kumu'āina, hana omo o ka wai a me ka mea pōhaku paʻakai. It elongated keena hana rhizodermis kumu lauoho. Lākou cytoplasm he he nui helu o vacuoles a me ke kelepona hele pā ka loa wiwi, me ka cuticle. Rizoderma mea ma ke kumu hapa o ke kumu chap mua kīloi paʻewa aa ciia, a ua kapaia lawelawe. Ua Ua loaʻa i ke kulana o ke kumu lauoho me ka mahalo i ke kumu chap ke aupuni 'ana ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu, kokoke ua hoʻololiʻia.

Aa oho, a me kā lākou kūlana ma ke ola o ka mea kanu

Noonoo pono i ka microscopic 'ole o ka iniiaiie kumu, oe i loaʻa ia rizoderma mea he derivative o ka lālā luna, ahu iho - dermatogena. Ia, ma ka huli, ua hanaʻia ma ka mahele ana i ka apex o ka iniiaiie keena. Omo mole ciia mea ikepili koʻikoʻi loa i ka manawa e loli ma? Aneie rula, nolaila,ʻo Waimānalo lauoho hiki koke mae wale aku. 'O kēia ke kumu nui no ka poe ilihune ola ana o Mahikō, a hiki i kona make ana. Ma ka hooulu ana o ka germ keena make, a ua sloughed rizodermy. Ma lalo o ka ahu iho la ka aiiay lole - exoderm hapa 'ia e lawe ana i ke kahua o ka i kela kapa hehee wale mahele. Ma muli o ia kā lākou wai pāʻoihana o ka mea pōhaku i huiʻia a me ka aa heluia na lauoho komo i ka paukūʻolokaʻa (axis), e pili ana i ka iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumu.

Ua maupaʻa i ka lawelawe lole mai i hoʻomōhala i ontogeny moku - ka trachea a me ka kānana paipu, mai ka hoa-keena. 'Aʻole nā mea kanu i hana i ka pono-ulu nenoaiu o ke kumu lauoho. No ka laʻana, Marsh a me ka wai? Ueony ma kahi e ku pono ana i ka oi ana o ka wai i loko o ke kaiapuni.

Helu meristem - pericycle

Kēia 'ole, i mea ma ka palapala o ke apo, a uhi i ke kikowaena paukūʻolokaʻa ke aupuni' ma lalo o rizodermoy. Ua ninoieo o liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaka koke okioki keena o ka hoʻonaʻauao lole a me ka mea i loaʻa i loko o nā mea a pau woody a herbaceous kanu ano e paʻi ma na anoano. Nā māhele o ka kikowaena paukūʻolokaʻa e hoʻomōhala ai no ka pericycle keena.

Ke iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumu o ka bipartite mea kanu keʻae i ka mea i kaʻaoʻao nā māhele, a adventitious aa i loko o ka pā, ahu iho o ka lole o ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana - meristem. Na elele o ka dicotyledonous mea kanu a pau i ka ohana Rosaceae, legumes, Solanaceae, ia laila, ua huli mai i ka mea kiʻekiʻe? Ueony, e like me phellogen paha cambium. Ka hopena o ka mitotic māhele pericycle keena o ka helehelena o homogeneous 'ole a me ka hana ana o embryonic'aʻaʻa cii wā e hiki mai - periblemy, i ua hana mai iniiaiie cortex a me ka dermatogena, ae hoʻomaka' ana o ka iniiaiie apical meristem.

iniiaiie cortex

Kēia mole hapa poeʻano nui o ka parenchyma keena. Part kanu'aʻaʻa pili i rhizodermis kapaia exoderm, ka waena, ahu iho o ka iniiaiie cortex - mesoderm. Noonoo pono i ka iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumu ma lalo o kekahi microscope, mau kahua hiki ke loaʻa he nui nui o intercellular hakahaka. Lākou e hana ai e like me ka wahi o ka holo o ka o oxygen a me ke kalapona'okikene lua, a pela komo i loko o ke kinoea mail. Ka pahale hapa kekahi o ka halepaahao pūʻulu hoonohonoho i loko o ka pilipaa ili aku ai.

Ma hope o ka make rhizodermis waiho hanau'āpana exoderm, laila ka mea, oprobkovevayut ma kīloi paʻewa aa? Aie? A a laila hana i kekahi kuleana pili i aiiay. Ma hope o nā mea a pau ekolu papa o ka cortex radially neʻe wai nā lātoma, a laila kahe ana i nā ipu o ke kikowaena paukūʻolokaʻa o ke kumu. E like me ia ia ia, i ke aloha a hiki i ka puʻe o ke kumu a me ka transpiration, ka wai a me ka mea pōhaku pāʻoihana hoala mai i ke kumu a me na lau. Eia hou, ke aloha i huiʻia e like me pia a inulin ke loaa ma iniiaiie cortical parenchyma keena o ka mesoderm.

kikowaena paukūʻolokaʻa

Noonoo pono i ka microscopic 'ole o ka iniiaiie kumu o ka bipartite mea kanu, hiki ke loaʻa ia i' ole, e like me ka stele. Kēia iho hapa maupaʻa i ka ai iiiaanoaa o anatomical nā hale e hana i ka hana o ka waiwai. Ka mea, he poe iniiaiie'aʻaʻa - xylem a me ka hana lawelawe oihana mua, e like me na moku (trachea). Pāʻoihana o ka monakō koko a me ka 'ē aʻe ke aloha i huiʻia ka neʻeʻana mai o ka lau a me lalo iho o ke kumu o ke kānana paipu aia i loko o ka cortex, a me ka wai a me ka mea pōhaku' ona i loko o ka moku (tracheas) e hele mai, mai ke kumu a hiki i ka paukūʻolokaʻa iho vegetative kanu nā loko.

Cambium kūlana ma ke kumu ulu

Ke hoʻololi mai i ka iniiaiie a hiki i ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumu i wahi ma ka seedling ke kahua, a ia ma ke ano o ka hoʻonaʻauao lole - cambium. Kekahi o kona ano i hana mai protomeristemy vascular laulau.

Eia, he mea mau o ka pāhawewe cambium. Ua o kēia mauʻano likeʻole haumāna meristem cambium merge i loko o kekahi, he pono ole ke komo lima, a moe ma waena o ka cortex a me ke kikowaena paukūʻolokaʻa. Aie i kaʻeleu mitosis, cambium keena kuahene nā papa o ka mea kiʻekiʻe lawelawe fabrics: ma loko kuhikuhi i ka stele - xylem a distal huli ana i ka endoderm - phloem. E like me ka hopena o ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ho'ākāka 'ia ma luna, i ka iho paukūʻolokaʻa i ka haumāna' ole ano o nā mea a pau aa o dicotyledonous mea kanu.

He aha nā loli i 'ia i loko o ka iniiaiie cortex

Ka muli o ka haumāna ka hoʻokō 'ia nā'aʻaʻa - xylem a me ka phloem ke kumu hou' a me ka pericycle. Kona keena, ka mahele ana i ka mitosis, e lilo i ka ahu iho la ka Cork cambium - phellogen, ka mea, ma ka huli, 'ano apau loa i ka periderm. Ke keʻena o kona Periclinal aeea hoʻomaka i ka puunaue, e hiki aku ai i ka hoʻokaʻawale o ka iniiaiie cortex, mai iho paukūʻolokaʻa, a hou - i kona ia'na. Ano, i ka pā, ahu iho o ka haumāna kumu o periderm me ke koe haʻawina phelloderm a me ka pericycle. Me oe e ike, e radically okoa mai kekahi i kekahi i ka iniiaiie a me ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumu. Mau oko ao hai aku ai i nā mea a pau o kona oihana, a me ka cortex a kikowaena paukūʻolokaʻa. Ka mea, i ka oi aku kekahi 'i loko o ka anatomical' ole o nā nā'aʻaʻa hoʻonaʻauao a me ka uhi. Ka loa nui keʻano o ka hanaʻana 'ia i loko o ka aa o ke au o ka ulu, ua hiki ke lawe i keʻano o ka cambium a me ka haumāna uku pila lawelawe fabrics. ʻO kēia iiaciiie-inoa, ke noonoo ia i loko o aku au mamuli.

N me ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumu

Ka oko ao ka morphology a me physiological oihana o ka ulu kumu o ka bipartite mea kanu hiki ke hoʻokū 'ia ma ka papaʻaina.

Ma waho aʻeo ia i ka papaʻaina o ke ike pono haumāna ai hanaʻia naʻe aʻa aa ma dicots wehewehe mitotic haʻawina o ka cambium keena a me ka aa ka ulu ana ma ka lōʻihi i ua pili i ke hōʻano hou a me ka neʻe maila i ka apical meristem a me ka aa chap keena hohonu i loko o ka lepo. Luna kikowaena mole lanakila ka ia'ku o ka honua paa haʻawina ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe mahuahua ana o ka ikehu, no laila, na aa o ka laau angiosperms i germination ke komo iloko o ka anoaeuoiauo.