Ke parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana

Na na nā loko o ke kino (e like me ka naʻau,'ōpū, liʻiliʻi) e noho mana ana ma kekahi hapa o kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, ʻikeʻia me ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana (Eia). mākou e i ike i loko o ka hapanui wahi, i hiki, pehea ka Eia, keia mea he involuntary ala. No ka laʻana, ua hiki ole i ka hana o ka moku i ke koko, a me ka ho ololi i ka naau kōmi. ʻOiai loa reflexive autonomic oihana, kanaka kekahi o ia e ka mana consciously, akā, i kekahi mau loa. Kēia moni 'ia, moe arousal a me ka hanu.

E hoomanao e homeostasis, autonomic (ole vegetative) ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana mea nui loa i loko o koho i ke ala o ka hana a me ka hana mana ma o ka lolo. Kēia ka mea hana ma ka pilikia wahi, i hiki i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana stress, a kauoha mai iā mākou i ka lehulehu o ka na koa i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka mea he pilikia i pono like no ko iala ana conducive i ke ola a me ka hoʻomaha.

Eia, he o nā māheleʻekolu.

- i ke aloha o ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana (SNS);

- ka parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana (PNS);

- ka enteric ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana (meshwork o nā aʻalolo olona, i mea i loko o kekahi mau nā loko, a i hiki e manao like i ke kolu o ke keʻena o ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu).

Ke aloha o ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana hana me ka intermediary i loko o nā reactions pili me stressful wahi, i hiki, ma ka mahuahua o ka naau i kela a māhuahua ke koko. Ua hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ke kino i loko o stressful wahi, i hiki paha he pilikia makaukau e hana koke. Ua hoʻopili like i ka panina reciprocal aloha "kaua a mahuka", mediated ma nā papa kuhikuhiE Nine Inch elele - epinephrine (adrenaline) a me ka norepinephrine. No keia kumu, SNA i kapaia "e hana ana i ka nā aʻalolo."

Ke parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, ma ka kekahi lima, o ka "noho malie" hapa o ka Lei. Ua ua iʻikeʻia e like me "nā aʻalolo ka maluhia." Oiai ke aloha o ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana prepares i ke kino no stressful wahi, i hiki, no ka NTC mea "i ka uhauha ana, a" o ka ikaika a me ke ola. Ua stimulates na hana i hana ia i ke kino o ka oi aku, i meaʻai, naps, moe arousal mea i hoomaha,.

Akā, i ke kōkua aloha a me ka parasympathetic māhele o Lei ana ke hoʻohana ku e kekahi i kekahi, i ole e ku pono ana. Kaupalena naʻe, ia mea he luna 'o interconnected, e pili ana i ke koena i loko o mākou kino. Ma waena o kēia mau oihana loaʻa nā hōʻeuʻeu AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN, a i na na ma ka lua o ka elele (cyclic adenosine monophosphate a cyclic guanosine monophosphate). No ka laʻana, ka wā o ka naau e launa mai i ka neural stimulation mai ka NTC, ke Kal 'aʻole hoʻi i lalo, a me ka hope versa, ka wā o ka naʻau loaa neural stimulation o neurons SNA, mahuahua naau kōmi.

Kōkua aloha o ho'ā hope e inhibit i ka ho'ā hope o presynaptic parasympathetic. Like me, ka parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ua komo i loko o ka presynaptic inhibition o kōkua aloha o nā aʻalolo kalepa.

Oihana o ka autonomic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana koena mea e pōʻino. Inā e kue ana i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o ka "hana nā aʻalolo" a me ka "nā aʻalolo maluhia" ma laila nō kekahi hoʻokau ', pela compromising i ka pono o ke ola.

No laila, SNS overstimulation ke alakai i ka pilikia e like me ka iini, hypertension a me ka digestive haunaele. PNS overstimulation hiki 'ai pono i ka ho'ēmi i kā ka puʻuwai, a me ka manao o ka luhi.

Ke parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana, e like me ke aloha o, ua ole i kia ma kekahi wahi, a ua haawi ma kekahi wahi nui. PNS autonomic oaio? Aia i loko o ka lolo kumu, a me ka wahi o ka sacral spinal kaula. Ma ka medulla cranial nā aʻalolo, VII mau, IX a me ka X ka ohu mahu ua hana preganglionic parasympathetic olona. Mai medulla a spinal preganglionic olona, (lōʻihi) ua hoʻoneʻe i ka ganglia i i ke aupuni 'kokoke loa i ka pale kaua hui, me ka hoolaha aku i ka synapse. Synapse hoʻohana he neurotransmitter kapaia acetylcholine. Ma kēia māhele 'āina mai ka ganglion postganglionic olona, (pōkole) uaʻana o' ana ma luna o ka pale umauma hoʻokahi hui, ka hoʻohana 'ana i acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine hana ma nā 'ano o cholinergic receptors: nicotinic a muscarinic (ole acetylcholine receptors). ʻOiai ka parasympathetic ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana hoʻohana acetylcholine (me he neurotransmitter), petidy (cholecystokinin) hiki i hana i kēia kuleana pili i.