Ke Pelekāne, ka mea i waiho i ke kumu o antiseptics. mō'aukala antiseptics

Mākou pinepine e hoʻolohe mai i ka 'inikua makahiki "antiseptic". A hailona no ia ma ka hale kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau, a me ka mea i pono. Akā, he aha ka mea? No ke aha pili? He aha ka mea, he o? A o ka mea o ke kanaka i ka mea a ke ao nei aie kona hanaia'na? Ma keia 'atikala mākou, e kālele ana ma luna o ana i kēia mau ai' a pau, ka mea a ka mea mau a me ke kumu a lakou i pono.

antiseptics

Aia ka he okoa nenoaiie o ana no ka make ana o ka eha, nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko, a ma na kanaka kino i loko o nā palapala mau microorganisms i hiki i li nui o na-oaio? A. ua kapaia ia o ka'ōnaehana i antiseptic, i unuhi 'ia mai he Roma ia hoʻi, "awi aku". Ka manawa i mua dala ma ka Beritania surgeon D. Pingle i ka 1750. Eia naʻe, Pingle - i ka Pelekāne, ka mea i waiho i ke kumu o antiseptics, a oe ke manaʻo. He e hōʻike i ka disinfecting kanawai o ka quinine, a hoʻolauna iā mākou i ka ninau manaʻo.

Kela manawa, a me kekahi inoa oe ke maopopo i ka hana o kēia mau kālā. No laila, antiseptics - ai 'i ka mea i loko o kekahi mau lesions o nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko, e ole ke koko kaʻapu kōheoheo. Kēlā me kēia o ko mākou mea kama'āina mai ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka loa noonoo ole o ia - ka iodine a me ka maikaʻi loa'ōmaʻomaʻo. A me ka mea kahiko, hoʻohana 'ia i kakahiaka nui, e like me ka manawa o Hippocrates, he vinega a me ka waiʻona. Loa pinepine, i ka manaʻo o "antiseptic" Ua pioloke i kekahi manawa - ". Disinfectant" Antiseptics i he palahalaha pae o ka hana, no ka mea, loaʻa a pau disinfecting konohiki, me disinfectants.

lāʻau lapaʻau laau

Aia ka ia i ka mea like me ka maoli antiseptic. Ua mea, e like me ka inoa hoʻohuʻu, he waiwai i ua ole hana ma ka ke kanaka a me ka na mea maoli ia. Laʻana - i ka wai o na mea kanu i Aloe a maikaʻi kēia cough onion a me ka kālika.

He nui antiseptics ua i mai maoli mea. He He okoa lāʻau lapaʻau kī, a loaʻa St. John ka wort, yarrow paha kumu wahine. Kēia i nā i ike ole hohono ke kopa, i ua i ma luna o ka muli o birch hohono a me ka tincture "Evkalimin", a mea he extract o eucalyptus.

Ke kumu e piʻi like ana o Medicine

Ka muli o antiseptics iʻoki kino o ka umikumamaiwa ke kenekulia, e like me nā 'epekema discoveries (anesthesia, i ka loaʻa o ke koko pūʻulu) i lawe mai ai i kēia wahi o ka lapaau ana i ka poe houʻilikai. Up a hiki i keia wahi ka hapanui o na kauka makau iho la lakou e hele i ka risky hana, a i ukali ma ka hamama ana o na kanaka kino nā'aʻaʻa. O lakou ka hope e akoakoa ai ka wā mea e ae i ole hou. A ole ia he mea hihiu, no ka 'ikepili helu ua loaa ole ia. ʻaneʻane hoʻokahi haneri pakeneka o nā mea a pau e hoomanawanui i make ma ka pae'ōnaehana papa. A me ke kumu o nā mea a pau nā mea palahēhē heʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau.

No laila, i ka 1874, Kumu Erickson i mai la ia surgeons E mau e inaccessible māhele o ke kino e like me ka lua abdominal a me ka cranial a me ka thorax. Wale nō i keʻano o nā antiseptics koho ia.

mua a me ke kapuai

Mōʻaukala antiseptics hoomaka i loko o ka wa kahiko. hiki ke loaʻa hou o ko lākou hoʻohana i loko o ka palapala o ka mea kahiko o Aigupita a me ka Greek kahuna lapaau. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻohe scientific kumu i ole i nei. Wale mai i ka hapalua like-umikumamaiwa kenekulia lilo i antiseptic purposefully a meaningfully hoʻohana like me ka waiwai e hiki ole ai i ke kaʻina o ka palaho.

Oiai ua hooko surgeons nui holomua hana. Eia naʻe, nui pilikia e hoʻomau i ala mai ma ka iapaau ana o ka eha. O na mea hana hiki e ona. Inā 'oe e nānā i ka' ikepili helu, o kela mea keia ono ahonui make ma hope paha iʻoki kino.

empirical hoʻomaka '

Base antiseptics waiho Hunakalia obstetrician Ignats Zemmelveys - Kumu o ka Pukapeka Lapaʻau University. I 1846-1849 makahikiʻo ia i hana i loko o nā obstetrics? Aaieou o Klein, Aia ma Vienna. Aia ia i unuhi ae hoʻolohe i ka mea'ē make 'ikepili helu. Ka 'Oihana, i' ae nā haumāna i make oi ma mua o 30% o nā wāhine i loko o ka nahunahu hanau, a ma nā wahi a pau o nā haumāna i ole e hele, o ka pakeneka ua nui emi. Ma hope o kekahi hoʻokolokolo 'ana, ka mea ike i ke kumu o puerperal ke kuni, a pepehi i ke hoomanawanui, heʻino lima o ka haumāna, ka mea ma mua e pili ana i ka obstetric Oihana komo i loko o cadaver dissections. Ma keia hihia, Dr. Ignats Zemmelveys i ka manawa i ole e ike e pili ana i germs a me kā lākou kūlana ma ka palaho. Me ka i ia discoveries, oia hoʻomohala i ka ano o ka hoomalu ana - kauka muaʻoki kino i, e holoi i ko lakou mau lima me ka pāʻoihana o ke Hekikai. A me ia hana: no ka mea hiki wale mai o ka make i loko o ka maternity paa i loko o ka makahiki 1847 ua like ia wale 1-3%. Ua ua nonsense. Eia naʻe, ma ka ola o Kumu Ignatsa Zemmelveysa mea wehe, a i ole, ua hookama nui WesternʻEulopa akamai i loko o ke kahua o ka gynecology a me obstetrics.

Ke Pelekāne, ka mea i waiho i ke kumu o antiseptics

Scientifically kākoʻo i ka manaʻo o nā antiseptics wale lilo hiki ma hope o ka puke o na hana o Dr. Louis Pasteur. Ua i ka mea nana i ka 1863 hōʻike ana i ka keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka putrefaction a me ka fermentation i microorganisms.

No kaʻoki kino i loko o kēia wahi ua lilo i luminary Dzhozef Lister. I ka makahiki 1865, i mai mua mai la: "Aole i ua ole decontaminated, e ole hoopa mai i kaʻeha." It Lister kii mai pehea hoʻohana Nine Inch ki ina hana like, e hana me ka ʻeha maʻiʻaʻai. He nui ke kaulana lole wiliʻona nō i loko o carbolicʻakika. Ma ke ala, hoʻi i ka 1670, keiaʻakika me ka decontamination konohiki noi pharmacist Lemaire mai Palani.

Ke Kumu i manao ai, i ka festering eha mea ku pono i ka mea e mau koʻohune kiʻi. He mua haawi mai la i ka 'epekema kumu no ka kŰia oʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau maʻiʻaʻai, a hele pu no lakou me ka aoao, e hana me ia. No laila, George. Lister Ua hoʻomaopopoʻia nā hualoaʻa a me ka Pelekāne, ka mea i waiho i ke kumu o antiseptics.

Lister ka hana

J .. Lister invented lākou mauʻaoʻao, e hoʻopale ai e ku e ia germs. Ua oia o ka eia. I ka papa kuhikuhiE antiseptic ua carbolicʻakika (2-5% koʻana koko, oily a kanakaʻona mau pāʻoihana). Me ke kōkua o nā pāʻoihana e hoʻopau microbes i loko o ka eha ia iho, e like me haha E leka pepa a pau me kona mau makaainana. Penei, surgeons momona o ka iʻa lima, a oki Mea Hana, dressings a me sutures, a pau pae'ōnaehana lumi. Lister kekahi'ōlelo me ka suture e pili antiseptic catgut, a i ka waiwai hoike mai. Lister pili nui i ka lewa i loko o kaʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau lumi. He manao ka mea, ua i ka pololei kumu o germs. No laila, i ka lumi ua pūʻia me ka carboxylicʻakika hoʻohana he kupaianahaʻehu.

Ma hope o ka hana i ka eha make i sutured a ua uhiʻia i ka lole wili iloko olaila no kekahi mau papa. Kēia i kekahi Lister hana mea hou i hana muaʻole. Ka lole wili i ole kekahi, lewa, a me kona lalo, ahu iho, oia hoi o ka silika, impregnated elima pakeneka carbolicʻakika, nāu kekahi resinous waiwai. Hou i hookauia iho ewalu papa kamailio ana rosin, paraffin a me carbolicʻakika. A laila, a pau o ka aila ka lole, a uhi ia me bandages maemae lole wili impregnated me carbolicʻakika.

A me keia hana o ka helu o ka make i hana ua hoʻemi me ka nui loa. Lister 'atikala e hai ana no ana i ka pono hana a disinfect fractures a me ulcers, i paʻiʻia ma ka 1867. Ua huli ke ao nei a pau. Ua ua he maoli Hopu ma ka 'epekema a me ka laau lapaau. A ua lilo ka mea kākau ia mea ma ka honua e like me ka Pelekāne, ka mea i waiho i ke kumu o antiseptics.

mau hoa paio

Lister iaoiaeii Ua lilo kaiāulu hoʻohana a ike i ka nui helu o nā kākoʻo. Eia naʻe, aia nō ka poʻe i oleʻae me kona hopena. Ka hapanui o ia nei hoa paio ua kūkākūkāʻia i ke koho Lister carbolicʻakika -ʻaʻole e pono no ka disinfection antiseptic. I ka haku mele 'ana o kēia meakino kekahi mau waiwai i lilo ikaika irritant hopena. Ua hiki i poino e like me ka'aʻaʻa o ke ahonui, a me ka surgeon ka lima. Eia kekahi, carbolicʻakika nohoʻawahia waiwai.

It E e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea ikea Lūkini surgeon Nikolai Pirogov i hele kokoke lawa i ka pilikia ma mua Dzhozefa Listera. Ma kona ano o ka lapaau ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE disinfectants i Hekikai, camphor ka waiʻona, a me ke kala nitrate, i mea emiʻawahia ma mua o ka mea i manaoia Pelekāne carbolicʻakika. Naʻe Pirogov i ole e ho okumu i kona mau kānāwai ma luna o ka hoʻohana 'ana o antiseptics,ʻoiai ka mea, ua nui loa pili.

Aseptic kū'ē antiseptics

Ma hope o kekahi manawa, ua ulu loa hou ala o Hana me kaʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau maʻiʻaʻai - aseptic. He moe ma ka mea e ole disinfect i kaʻeha koke, a pale aku hui 'ana me kona maʻiʻaʻai. Kēia hana ua oi akahai hoʻohālikelike i ka antiseptic, no laila, he nui na kauka i hea aku ai i ka piha abandonment o Lister ka ulu ana. Eia naʻe, ola like manawa i nā mea a pau i loko o kona mau aoao.

aole i ku malie kemika like me ka 'epekema. Aia i hou antiseptics ma ka oihana lapaau, a i auou caiaiaiʻawahia carbolicʻakika. Ka mea, ua softer a oi e kala ana. Aia i ka mamao nele no ka ikaika mea paahana e hiki ke decontaminated iloko o ka First o ke Kaua Honua gunshot eha he nui. i mua septic a me ka antiseptic hoomakaukau ke Makuakane me ka mea infectious foci. No laila, ua hele mai i ka mua Nine Inch.

All hou a me ka hou Aey? Acaeoey

Ma ke kanakolu o ka hope ke kenekulia, ke ao nei i ka hou kiʻekiʻe-kbps antiseptic. Ka mea, ua sulfanilamide lāʻau i ke pale aku, a uhi i ka ulu ana o koʻohune i loko o ke kanaka kino. Akala ua laweʻia i loko o a me ka hana ma luna o kekahi pūʻulu o microorganisms.

Ma ka forties, i hana ke ao nei ka mua antibiotic. Me kona mau helehelena no ka surgeons wehe loa hiki i kēia manawa kūpono. Ke kumu nui hiʻona o ka antibiotic o ka e wae ia ma luna o koʻohune a me anakahi iki-meaola. ʻaneʻane a pau kēia antiseptics no a hiki i keia pae. Ua manao i ka pono hoomalolo mea wale hiki ole e. Naʻe, ka mea ma hope huli mai i ka excessive pono o antibiotics kumu i kekahi ano o ka e hoʻonele i loko o microorganisms, a me kaʻaoʻao 'ole i ole, ua hōʻoki aku.

A me nā huahana

ʻepekema a me ka 'inikua holomua, aole ia e ku malie. A me ke ao nei aʻo o ia ke hoʻomanaʻo i loko o nā eighties o ka iwakalua kenekulia like "Miramistin". Initially ka mea, Ua hoʻololi i like ka antiseptic, disinfectantʻili astronauts holo ana i ka makahiki wahi. Akā, ka mea, i laila, komo i loko o laha ana.

He aha ka mea, no laila, kū hoʻokahi? Mua, i ka lāʻau mea pono palekana a me ka 'ole-ʻawahia. Ka lua, ka mea, aole i komo iloko o ka mucous membranes a me ka ili, a maiʻaʻoheʻaoʻao loa. Apana, ka mea, ua nona ma ka luku ana o ka nui huahelu o pathogens: fungi, koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi a me protozoa. Eia hou, kona kū hoʻokahi hiʻona o keʻano papa hana o ka hana ma luna o microbes. Haʻalele antibiotics makaukau o hou hanauna, aole ia e paka ia'ku i loko o microorganisms. Medicament "Miramistin" ua hoʻohana 'ole wale i loko o ka iapaau ana o nā mea palahēhē, akā, no hoi no ko lakou Kāohiʻana. No laila, i kēia lā, kū hoʻokahi huahana, i hana no ka hooulu ana o ka la, i loaʻa iā mākou a pau.