Ke'ūhū catalase: ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona

Catalase - he'ūhū loaʻa i loko aneane nā mea a pau e noho ana meaola. Kona papa kuhikuhiE papa - e catalyze i ka decomposition o ka hydrogen peroxide i noho malie hoi e waiwai no ka meaola. Catalase mea o ka mea nui no ke ola o na keena, e like me ka i malama mai ka luku ia e kū'ē ka oxygen? Ueo.

Overview

Ke'ūhū catalase pili i ka oxidoreductase - laulā papa o nā'ūhū e catalyze i ka hoolilo ana o electrons mai ka hoemi lātoma (mau pou) i ka oxidant lātoma (acceptor).

ʻO kaʻoi loa pH no catalase i loko o ke kanaka kino mea e pili ana i 7, nae, o ka naoh i kela, aole ia e hoʻololi me ka nui loa ma aiee o ka hydrogen inideka mai 6,8 i 7,5. Ke pH kaʻoi loa no nā catalases HEN, mai 4 a hiki i 11, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka 'ano o ka meaola. ʻO kaʻoi loa ka mahana Ua hoi okoa no kekahi kanaka ua ma kahi o 37 ^° C

Catalase - kekahi o na koho wikiwiki loa nā'ūhū. Wale kekahi lātoma mea hiki ke hoʻololi 'ana i kona miliona o nā lātoma o ka hydrogen peroxide i ka wai a me ka i oxygen no kekona. Ma hua'ōlelo o ka enzymology a 'o ia hoʻi i ka nui helu o ka Hope ano o ka'ūhū catalase.

'ole'ūhū

Catalase mea he tetramer o eha polypeptide kaulahao, kela mea keia mea o ka a ua oi aku mamua o 500'amino nāʻakika ka lōʻihi. Ke'ūhū Ua haku o ka eha pūʻulu o ka heme porphyry, a ma i reacts me kaʻeleu ka oxygen? Ueo. Na oxidized heme prosthetic pūʻulu mea he catalase.

Mōʻaukala o ka Kaka

Catalase ia iʻike i kaʻepekema 1818 makahiki a Louis Jacques Thénard chemist loaa i ola keena o ka hydrogen peroxide ua i? Aaei i kona luku ku i ka hana o kaʻike liluwelo mea.

I ka 1900, he Kelemānia chemist, Oskar Leo mua hoʻolauna i ka "catalase" manawa, e hoʻohuli i i ka pohihihi waiwai decomposing peroxide. He ua hiki ke pane i ka nīnau, ma ka'ūhū catalase kakauiaʻi maluna. E like me ka hopena o ka nui ho okolohua Oskar Leo hoikeia mai i keia'ūhū mea ano o aneane nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu. Ma keena e noho ana, e like me na mea he nui 'ē aʻe nā'ūhū, catalase ua iloko o loko o peroxisomes.

I ka 1937 oia i ka mea mua e crystallize catalase mai pipi akepaʻa. 250 kD - hakakino kaumaha o ka'ūhū i manao i ka 1938. I ka 1981 ua loaa ka noiʻi i nā kiʻi o ka ekolu-dimensional 'ole o ka bovine catalase.

Ke catalysis o ka hydrogen peroxide

I loko nō o ka mea i hydrogen peroxide - he huahana o na mea he nui maʻamau metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana, ia mea,ʻaʻole e noho malie hoi ia i ke kino.

E pale aku i ka make ana o ke keena a me nā'aʻaʻa, pono e koke hoohuliiaʻe hydrogen peroxide i loko o 'ē aʻe, emi pilikia i ke kino. Ia mea a hiki i keia hana nui loa a Makuakane'ūhū catalase - ia decomposes ka peroxide i nā nā lātoma o ka wai nā lātoma a me ka oxygen nā lātoma.

Ke naoh o ka hydrogen peroxide decomposition i ola nā'aʻaʻa:

2 H ₂ O ₂ → 2 H ₂ O + O ₂

Ke hakakinoʻano papa hana o ka cleavage'ūhū o ka hydrogen peroxide ma catalase ua ole i pono hoomaopopo. Ua Ua ea ae ka hana i ka naoh i wahi i loko o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao - ka mua kahua oia hoi o ka hao catalase prosthetic hui palapala hoopaa i ka oxygen ma'Ātoma o ka peroxide, keia paha ke kekahi lātoma o ka wai. Ma ka lua o ka mua o ka oxidized heme interacting me kekahi lātoma o ka hydrogen peroxide, ma ia ho okumu i kekahi lātoma o ka wai a me kekahi lātoma o ka oxygen.

Ma keia hana o ka'ūhū catalase no ka hydrogen peroxide, i ke alo o kaʻeleu waiwai i loko o ka'aʻaʻa specimens ua hoopuni manao. keia i hoʻohui lawa i ka hoao Laʻana he uuku nui o ka hydrogen peroxide, a malama i ka naoh. Ke alo aku o ka'ūhū i kāna i ke kahua o ka oxygen Oe. Kēia naoh mea maikai no ka mea, aole ia i koi i kekahi hana i na mea paahana a me ka lako a pan - ka mea, hiki ke ike i ka maka kapa ole.

Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka ion ana i kekahi mea hiki ke hooheheeia kaumaha ke hana me ka noncompetitive inhibitor o catalase. Eia kekahi, a pau i ike ia cyanide hoi me ka hoʻok & inhibitor o catalase, ina ma na mea he nui nā'aʻaʻa o ka hydrogen peroxide. Arsenates hana like activators.

palapala noi

Hana o ka'ūhū catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide i ua hoʻohana ma o ka meaʻai hana - ka hoʻohana 'ana i kēia'ūhū ua wehe' ia mai ka waiu H ₂ O ₂ a hiki i ka makaukau ana o ka waiū. Kekahi palapala noi - kūikawā ai'ōpala mea i malama i ka huina hoonui e ku e'okesaside. Catalase ua i hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka lole hana no ka wehe' ia o ka hydrogen peroxide mai fabrics.

Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o kou niho o ka hui' nā aniani kaulona ma ka liʻiliʻi mea. i haku kekahi disinfectants o ka hydrogen peroxide a me catalase ua hoʻohana 'ia Wāwahi keia ke keʻena ma mua reusing nā aniani kaulona.

ha awina

Activity o catalase'ūhū hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka makahiki o ka meaola. Ke opiopio nā'aʻaʻa o ka'ūhū ha awina mea nui ma luna ma mua i loko o ka mea kahiko. Me ka makahiki i loko o kānaka, a me ka na holoholona catalase ha awina i nā emi like me ka hopena o ka poe oo hoi o nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko.

E like me ia i nā ao, he emi no catalase ha awina o kekahi o ka hiki kumu o ka lauoho graying. Hydrogen peroxide ua hua mai la noke i loko o ke kino o ke kanaka, akā,ʻaʻohe ia ia ka poino - catalase decomposes ia koke. Akā, inā i ka nui o keia'ūhū ua hoemi, ka mea, ua maopopo i ole ua catalyzed a pau i ka hydrogen peroxide ma ka'ūhū. Penei, ia discolors, mai loko o ka lauoho ma ka mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia maoli make. Keia Kaka a ianoiyuaa a ua hoao ia e noiʻi, a i pāʻani i ke kūlana i loko o ka ulu ana o ka ai ', ke wehe' ia graying o ka lauoho.