Kia i Yermak - ka naʻi aupuni o Siberia: mōʻaukala, hoihoi 'kūʻiʻo

Lawa kupaianaha moolelo pili i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i ka naʻi aupuni o Siberia, ka Cossack Ataman Yermak, kūkulu ma Novocherkassk. Kēia kia o ka Russian kanaka meʻe e pili ana i na mea o ke aupuni ka hoʻoilina moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi. Nui no mākou kähähä, ia mea he lōʻihi-e kū sculptural hana noho pū, a ua lōʻihi Ua heʻano o ka Don Cossack'āina, Siberia a me Rusia.

Ermak kia: Novocherkassk

Photos memo ma ka pauku haawi i ka manaʻo o ka lahui helehelena o keia nui kanaka. Ia a pau ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka makahiki 1870 me ke gala hanana i ua kaulana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Novocherkassk - ka 300th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ka poʻe hao wale o ka Don Cossacks. Ma ka Luna o Staff Major General Leonov a pau Cossacks hoopii i ka mō'ī i ka hooilina, Crown Prince Aleksandru Aleksandrovichu - August Ataman Cossack poʻe hao wale, ka mea i hele mai i ka Ahaaina palala, e kōkua waiho i loko o ke kapikala o ke Don Cossacks he kia hoʻomanaʻo no kā lākou'ōlohe wiwo kamaaina Ermak Timofeevich (Kachalin maoli kulanakauhale ma ka Don).

Ua Ua hai aku i ka 'iaE e hoala mai haawina no ke kia hoʻomanaʻo, a mau ae la ia no na makahiki. Kēia Hāʻule maila lākou i ke kaua, ma ka a Rusia, a laila, ua hōʻailonaʻia. A hapaha o ke kenekulia i ua ohi oi ma mua o ka huina o 100 000 rubles. Major donations ua, ua haawi ai i ka Cossacks o ka Urals a me Siberia. Ke koena wahi e e 40 000 rubles, Cossack Cossack Army Aupuni aie mai lākou kekahi pahu.

e hoomaka ana

A hiki aku i ke dala ua ohi, ke ninau ala ae la, ma i ke kiʻi, e hoikeia auanei nani chieftain Ermak kia ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE hale i loko o Novocherkassk. Ma kēia wā, i ka 1889, i hanaia e ka mea a pau Komite, a oia no ka philanthropist W. Wagner, ke poo o ka hoʻouku a me ka paakai hapa o ka Don poʻe hao wale, kulanakauhale lunaʻenehana B. Krasnov, ke hoʻopuka o ka Nupepa "Vestnik Don" Karasev, a pela aku ... I Rusia ka manawa, i waena o nā sculptors loa kaulana o ka Competition i kūkala no ka mea maikaʻi loa hē, a ma hope o kekahi mau papahana i manaoia.

Ka mea mua, e kūkulu i kekahi kia hoʻomanaʻo i Ermak mohai sculptor M. M. Antokolskomu (mea nāna i hana o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i Peter I ma Taganrog i ka 1903), akā, i ka 1891, ua loaa ole ai apono ia. Lohe ole ai mamua, a me ka papahana o ka St. Petersburg sculptor M. O. Mikeshina (i hana ia e ka mea kaulana kia "Ka Wā Kaukani o Rusia" ma Novgorod i ka 1862), akā, ka mea, ua lawe i ka mooolelo a pau manaʻo mohai aku kekahi mana o ke kia, a me ka mea i apono ia ma 1896, akā, sculptor make iho la.

Kia i Ermak ma Novocherkassk: hōʻikeʻano

Ano, ke kauoha i huli no ka mea Mikeshina pāhana e lawe no ka hanaia'na o ke kia. Mākou hala kekahi mau makahiki, a loaʻa i ka Rector o ka Higher Art School o ka Halau o Arts VA Beklemisheva. Penei, hoomaka ae la ka hana.

Ma ka lā hānau o Emperor Rotehama II, May 6, 1903 i ka hōʻuluʻulu kau ana o ka hale. Māpala pedestal i kauoha ia e ka Italia haku S. Tonitto. First eli lua, laila kukulu kumu concreted kumu, hua mai la i ka hola Novocherkassk kila kaula hao 8 ma ka 4.2 mika kēlā ua. Ma St. Petersburg, ma ka puna kŘkohu VA Beklemisheva naueue ole "Moran" ninini keleawe kiʻi he 5 tona. Ka huina kiʻekiʻe o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo i kēia 14 mau mika 92 knm, ke kaupaona - 1600 tona.

Kaka

ʻO kēia makahiki, hou ma luna o ka Emperor ka lā hānau ma Rotehama II - May 6, 1904, i weheia. Ma ke awakea o ka bele ringing, i ka wahi hoopihaia Cossack koa haumana gymnasiums, Cadet, Junkers a me kanaka. Hale Pule Nui o ka pii ana i ka huakaʻi me ka conciliar na luakini.

Ataman Cossack hao wale KK Maksimovich haule i ka paku, mai ke kia hoʻomanaʻo, a, hope, a pau ka poe i hiki mai i ike i ka ikaika a me ka kilohana kiʻi o Ermak, a ma kekahi lima i kekahi hae kaua, a me ka 'ē aʻe - i ka pāpale aliʻi, symbolizing ka lanakila Siberia. Archbishop Don a Novocherkasskiy Afanasy hoolaa i ke kia. A laila, he mau ka hili, o ka makana o nā kāleka poʻoleka a me nā palapala hōʻike no nāʻoihana'ē aʻe a hoonani aku la koa Ataman Yermak, ka mea i make i loko o ka ale o ka muliwai Irtysh August 5, 1584.

keleawe hoike

Loa mai Ermak kia lilo i mumule hoike i na mea he nui mōʻaukala hanana ia i wahi ma luna o ka papa kuhikuhiE hale ma Novocherkassk pii ana Hale Pule Nui, a me na kipa o nā aliʻi, luna, makua'lii, mahalo luna, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

I ka makahiki mua o ke kūkulu mai i kēia wahi Cossacks hele aku ma luna o ke kaua Lūkini-Japanese (1904-1905 GG.). A laila, i ka makahiki hope paʻa rallies i kākoʻo mai o kemokalaka o kānaka (ka tsar ka manifesto o Okatoba 17, 1905). A laila, - ka mua Lūkini kipi a me kona mōhai i waena o ka Don Cossacks, kona hoʻolewa ma ka huinahalike (1905-1907 GG.). Eia kekahi, o ka First World War, a me ka hū mobilization o ka FeberuariʻOiʻenehana a me na halawai o ka elele o ke Aupuni Kuikawa, o ka hoohiki ana o ka kaua mau A. M. Kaledina, koho o kona chieftain, a me ka OkatobaʻOiʻenehana o 1917. Kēia mau hanana hiki e hou, a me ka mālama 'oni iki o Novocherkassk mea he "keʻokeʻo", laila, e "ʻulaʻula", oiai i ka mana i loko o ko lākou mau lima i i lawe i ka Great Don Army, General PN Krasnov.

Preservation o kūloko na luakini

Eia naʻe, he mau ho'āʻo e kiola aku i ke kia hoʻomanaʻo "Ermak Bourget". I ka 1918, ka mea makemake ia e ka mīkini i loko o 1938 - he kaʻa kauō, akā, e hana ma muli o ke oaoieei-kumu ia pilikia. A ma ka 1942, na Nazis i ka hana o Novocherkassk no na wahi mea i kipaku ai i ke kia o ka ekolu kaʻa kauō me ka winch, akā, haʻalele i nā kupa a me Cossacks, a kena ae la i ka commandant, a wehewehe i Ermak - ole ula Cossack, aʻaʻole he Bolshevik, he kūloko ahu, a Don meʻe . A laila, i ka German luna i ka mea e wehe i ke kaʻa kauō, a me ka mea, ua hookahi manawa hou hoʻopakele mai ka lukuia'na mai o ke kia hoʻomanaʻo no Yermak. A pau e mālama kanaka o ke kulanakauhale o Novocherkassk Cossacks i loko o ka loa paʻakikī manawa ho'āʻo ana e hoomanao i ko lakou mau meʻe.

I ka 2001, ua lawe mai nā mea a pau e pono hoihoi hou ana hana. May 6, 2004 i ke kūlanakauhale kēia ka 100th lā hoʻomanaʻo o ke kia. I kēia lā, he hana i hoʻokahi haneri makahiki, akā, Ermak kia kū a, e ku a aia no i ke kulanakauhale, a ua kākauʻia ka wa pau ole kona mōʻaukala.