Kirov Sergey Mironovich: Kawaihae, ohana, leʻaleʻa kūʻiʻo

ʻO wai lā ka mea Kirov Sergey Mironovich? Ua piha o ia mau hanana, i Hawaiʻi nei i ka mea e hiki ai e kau iā ia ma luna o ka wahi kūikawā i waena o nā alakaʻi o ka aoao alakaʻi o ka Soviet au ke Kawaihae ana o keia kanaka. Oia hoi, o kona make ana i ka pretext no ka hoʻomaka 'ana o nā hanana nui i koi i ke ola o ka oi ma mua o ke kakini kanaka hala ole.

Kirov Sergey Mironovich: Kawaihae o ka mea opiopio hoʻokahuli aupuni

S. M. Kirov Ua hānau 27 o March 1886 ma Urzhum (ke kūlanakauhale i loko o ka Vyatka mokuna) i loko o ka ohana o ka poe noonoo ole poe hana. Ke keiki ua ewalu wale nō makahiki o Sema, a i koe me na makua: make koʻu makuahine, koʻu makua kāne, hele aku la ia i ka hana, nalowale me ka kumumea. A ina na kaikuahine i Sergei i kona kupunawahine, a laila ka mea, ua hoouna aku la ia i ka olu no Minor. Ma ke alanui, oiai o ka inoa o ka wā e hiki mai aoao alakaʻi ua Kostrikov. Kirov, lilo nui hope. Akā, mua na mea mua.

Sergey Ros akamai a me ka paakiki-e hana ana keiki, study no ka mea, aole ia e ho okumu ana i kekahi pilikia. Me ka pomaikai o ua noho i loko o kona hale County Urzhum mua, a laila, i ke kula kulanakauhale, keiki, hoʻolālā i ke aʻo o ko lākou mau kumu, hele aku la ia Kazan, kahi āna i komo aku i ka Mechanics a me ka malama promuchilische, a ma ka 1904, ua puka 'o ia brilliantly, e pili ana i ka elima maikaʻi loa haumāna puka.

I ka hookahi makahiki neʻe Kostrikov i Tomsk a loaʻa he 'oihana me he draftsman i loko o ke kūlanakauhale ahalunakanawai, i ka laua ua aoia au ma e hoomakaukau ai nā papa Institute o Technology. Akā, i ka wā e hiki mai? Oaony maluhia e hele mai ia i ola me ka make oiaio.

Sergey, permeated me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni manaʻo nō i loko o Kazan, neʻe i Tomsk, e like me ka hikiwawe e loaa ana i kaʻeleu lala o ka RSDLP, ka Party pseudonym Serge. I ka 1905, ua hopu no e komo i loko o nā hōʻike, akā, i loko o ka hale paʻahao,ʻaʻoleʻo ia i noho lōʻihi. Ma hope iho o ke kala o ka mea e hiki mai ana aoaoʻaha kūkā, oia i koho 'ia i ka Komite o ka Tomsk RSDLP. He lilo ka hoʻokuhikuhi o Anati-aupuni nā hōʻike a me nā rallies, ho okumu i kaua kauna. E like me ka hopena, Sergei Kostrikova hou hopu i ka 1906. Kēia manawaʻo ia ua hoouna ia o ka hale paʻahao no nā makahikiʻeono.

He ana ua hee o, akā,ʻaʻole uhai aku

Ma June 1908 SM Kostrikov Ua hookuu mai o ka hale paʻahao, a, e like me ka manaʻo, i ka hoʻololi 'ana i kona mau manao ma ka hoʻokahuli aupuni neʻeʻana. Naʻe, i kēia i hana. Ma hope o ka haʻalele 'o ka halepaahao,ʻo ia ke hele i Irkutsk, ma hope o ka hoihoi hou ia ana mai o ka aoao hui, kokoke e pau loa ai e ka mākaʻi, hookahi manawa hou i hoʻomaka i ka hana' Imi i loko o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni kuhikuhi nā loko o ke kulanakauhale, a ma Novonikolaevsk (e Novosibirsk). Ma May 1909 Serge, neʻe aku mai ka makai, na ka hoino anei, i puʻe wale e haʻalele i kaʻaoʻao hema o ka aina.

Hana i loko o ka North Caucasus

Ma Vladikavkaz, mea, ke hana pono ia me ka kūloko Cadet Nupepa "Terek", e kikokiko 'atikala ma ka hoao ana i ka loaa ana i ka piʻiʻana o ka "Elbrus" a me ka "Kazbek", haʻalele i ka loiloi' ia o ka holo i loko o ke kūlanakauhale hale kiaka. Here la oia me kona wā e hiki mai ka lua o ka wahine a Maria Lvovna Kivila o Mareko.

I ka hopena o kauwela 1911 Kostrikova hou hopu ia e ke kahiko hihia lawe aku i loko o Tomsk. He Ua kauoha me ka hoʻolālā ka lola honua pai kaomi, akā, i kona hewa i ike e ole ai. Kostrikov hoomau i ka hana i loko o "Terek", akā, hookahi manawa hou,ʻaʻole e huki hoʻolohe iā ia iho, e ka Alia Kirov, ka mea i manaoio i ua ua hana ma ka inoa o ke alii o Peresia - Kuro. Mai keia wahi ma luna o ka Kawaihae Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha mea kūikawā ua i poe. ʻOiai ka 'atikala i kākauʻia e ia, a me ka pinepine hoohewaia oia i ka? Eia, ua loa mahalo i waena o ke kue-manao kanaka.

Party 'oihana a me ke Kanawai War

A hiki i ke kipi (1917), S. M. Kirov oi loa aku hoi i hoike ia, a ma ka manawa o ka coup, ia i ua ole mawaena o ka poe i seriously loli i ke kahua i loko o ke aupuni. Next Jump aoao Kawaihae Sergeya Mironovicha Kirova i wale i ka 1919: ua hoonohoia oia i ke poo o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Komite o ka Astrakhan. Mai ia manawa koke nō, ia mea he kokololio alapiʻi i ka 'oihana hulili.

Once ma lalo o kona pololei alakaʻiʻana i paʻa uhi pū loan-hoʻokahuli aupuni kipi ma Astrakhan, pana aku la ia i ka huakaʻi, i make a me Kauhalenui Mitrofan Bishop Leonty, Kirov lilo i lâlâ o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Koa Council o kaʻumikumamākahi Red Army. Mai ka hoʻomaka o ka 1919 Sergey Myronovych me Ordzhonikidze alakai ma ka hoouka kaua o ko lākou mau huahelu ma ka akau a me ka hema Caucasus: March 30 Ua laweʻia Vladikavkaz, a me ka mahina ma hope (May 1) - Baku.

I ka pau ana o May 1920 Kirov i kauoha mai ai ka mana Luna ma Georgia, ma ke aupuni noho no a hiki i ka Mensheviks. I ka hoʻomaka o Okatoba o ka hookahi makahiki Sergei Myronovych poai puni i ka Soviet'aheʻelele e hele i Riga no ka pūlima i ka maluhia kuikahi me kaʻauamo, a laila, huli i ke North Caucasus, ma ka Haole pili ana i ka poʻe kaua o ka RCP (b). Ma March 1921, e like me ka elele a hiki i ka umi o ka Ahaolelo Lahui o ka RCP (b), i aponoia Kirov ē aʻe lala o ke kikowaena Komite o ka aoao.

I 'Apelila 1921 Sergey Mironovich hoomalu i ka Ahaolelo o ka Mountain ASSR (e ka North Ossetia). A i loko o lulai no ia makahiki oia i koho kakauolelo TSKKP Azerbaijan. He koke lilo kekahi o na Mamua o ka Transcaucasian SFSR (December 1922). I 'Apelila 1923, i kaʻelele o ka umikumamalua Ahaolelo Lahui o ka RCP (b) lawe ma Kirov TSKRKP (b) kauwahi. Ke poo o ka Communist Party o Azerbaijan S. M. Kirov ua kōkua aloha o ke Stalin, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea e, i ka mea, i noho mumule He nīnūnē huahelu i loko o ka aoao luna kiʻekiʻe. He ia i manaoia he upstart, oia i imi i ka noho kiʻekiʻe kulana, a ma ka mea ia manawa i ka makana maoli o ka olelo malimali, maikaʻi pāʻoihana acumen, akā, ua hookauiaʻe la i kaulana no ka maikai a me ka man- akia kupaʻa Ally.

Kirov ma Leningrad

Good heluia, o Stalin i Kirov koke kūpono ma o kona hookohu ia i ke poo o ka aoao hui ma Leningrad. Kona papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu ua i ka i 'Aʻohe hopena ma luna o ka Leningrad Communists mua poo o ke kulanakauhale aoao Grigory Zinoviev - ka hoohikiʻenemi o Stalin. A me Kirov mahope o, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ku e ia ia, a hiki ho'āʻo e hoʻohana i ke alu like 'ana me ka Cadet nupepa. Sergey Myronovych ole wale loaʻa piha mana hoʻomalu ma luna o ka aoao hui o ke kulanakauhale, akā, hoi ka i lilo i ka mea nona o aneane Leningrad, ke kaōhiʻana pono e pili ana i kekahi mea, a hiki ka hoʻoponopono i ka hale a me ka wahi lulu nīnūnē. E hana 'ia i loko o ka hooponopono ana o ke kulanakauhale ma ka welau i ka mea i nui pili aupuni huahelu.

Eia naʻe, he mea he hoihoi 'mea - Kirov Sergey Mironovich, nae, a hiki hoʻomākauaka no ka nui oi aku o ka mana i loko o ka aina, o ka oi aku ma hope o kona lilo i lâlâ o ka Politburo TSKVKP (b) ole i ka hana ia, a me ka loa hoʻomōhala wale i mea o Leningrad. Ua paipai ia i loko o ka wahi mua Kirov ua e selfless hana, aole i mua o ke kūkulu 'ana i kekahi' oihana. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia hoopau ai i ke kākoʻo i ke kulekele alualu e Stalin, i meaʻiʻo hoopii. No ka Iosifa Vissarionovicha, oia ua maikai, a me ka hapanui importantly, ike loea kākoʻo me ka "pohaku i loko o kona poli."

Akā, me kona 'ohana i' Aʻole e holopono

Inā lawelawe hana a pau i pono, ka mea kino ola Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha i ole i waho mai. I ka 1920, oia halawai kana wahine mua (ʻaʻoheʻikepili ua mālama ma luna o ia). A makahiki ma hope, ka mea, i kekahi kaikamahine - Eugene. Akā, hewa hahau aku - Kirov ka wahine a lilo seriously maʻi, a make koke hope.

Komo i loko o child aoao luna, aohe manawa - hana i loko o kona ola ana, i aku la i ka manawa, a me Eugene Sergeevne Kostrikova i ia 'oe i ka hopena o ka makua kāne o kona mau keiki i ka - e hele i ke kula. Ua hanaʻia ma hope o kona mau makua hoʻoholo ihola e kuhikihi ana i ko lakou mau ola me ka longtime loira - Maria Lvovna o Mareko. Ka wahine flatly hōʻole eʻae houʻo ka keiki. Pela, ua hina Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha mua ohana loa, a me ka lua o ka papa hea ua loa paʻakikī, e like me ka mea, ua wale Largus Kirov haku wahine a me na keiki, ua i hanauia.

Ma ke ala, Evgeniya Sergeevna Kostrikova ua pono ke kaikamahine a kona makua kāne - Kirova Sergeya Mironovicha. Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi mai kona Kawaihae Ua maopopo hooiaio no ka mea. Iloko o ke kaua me Nazi Kelemānia, ka mea, ua mau loa wale wahine luna, ka mea a pau pahu lehulehu i loko o kekahi o ka ke kauoha.

He Ua pepehi Kirov Sergey Mironovich?

Ua Ua manaoio i na wahine he Kirov nawaliwali. Aia he mau lono e pili ana i kona nui Romance me ka kaulana actresses a me Leningrad Bolshoi. Naʻe, i ka 'ike e hōʻoia i kēia,ʻaʻole i loaʻa. Ae, a hiki illegitimate keiki Kirov Sergei Mironavich iho no hoi aole koi ma ka liʻiliʻi loa hoike ia he mea. Eia naʻe, hoʻokahi kēia hoʻohuiʻia kona make ana ua he aloha hoʻokolokolo. E like me ia i kēia mea mahuʻi, ma Kirov au i kekahi fleeting hoʻokolokolo me ka punahelu Draule - he limahana o ka 'āina' Komite. I aku ke kane, Leonid Nikolaev, ua aʻo e pili ana i ka mea,ʻo ia nō, e hoʻopaʻi i ka hoa paio, a make aku la ia ia.

Aia o kekahi mana, ma a ma Rotehama, i ke kanaka o ke'ōpaha a me ka höʻike pü 'iʻini ma, hoʻoholo ihola no ia mea, e lilo kaulana, a iho i lalo ma ka mōʻaukala, like i na kai o Alexander II. Like ka mea paha i - mai i ike, akā, i ka nui, e hoike ana ia kino kauoha i ka make ana o ia i ke koʻikoʻi aoao huahelu - he indisputable mea. Oiai lehulehu kulanui i mea hoomalu, pela no ka mea, he mea paakiki ole ia Nikolayev, mākaukau me ka pu, e kiʻi iā Smolny, ma laila, aia ka City Party Komite. Kirov hālāwai ma ke keʻena o ka hale aliʻi, a mai hele ma hope ona, Nikolaev pana aku la ia ia i loko o ke poo, ma hope i kona ho'āʻo i ka moe he pepehi anaʻia iā iho, akā, ua hikiʻole i ka, maʻule hou ihola nō.

Kirov ka kīmopō like me ka pretext no repression

Ma hope o ka hoʻopaʻahao, a me ka interrogation o Nikolaev puke, ka mea, ua hoʻomaka iholaʻo ia e noiʻi i ke kai hana wale, aʻaʻohe mau maka pua i loko o ka hewa hana ole. Akā, Stalin i iʻae ia ka hoʻokūkū, "i kona poe kanaka" - i ole i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā aliʻi politician, e make ai naʻaupō kēia, a nolaila, i kona make hiki ke hoʻohana 'ana i kou pono. E hana i kēia, ka mea pono e ua, ua hoʻouna 'ia e like me ka hana' ia o kaʻaoʻao kū'ē.

Ma ka hopena, ma hope o ka moʻo o ka pili keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka 17 kanaka pana, 80 hele aku la i ka halepaahao, 30 - i loko o ka loulou. Ua hoouna mai la na tausani o kanaka, mai Leningrad like unreliable. Ma ke ala, i ke kī pūʻana paukū ua ole wale Nikolaev, akā, kana wahine (ke oleloia haku wahine o Kirov) Milda Draule.

I ka waiwai auhau i ka Kirov

Wela lunatausani o ke kipi, ka loa ma hope i ka Party a me ke aupuni,ʻaʻole wale nō i hoʻomaha ai kiʻekiʻe prestige mawaena o na kanaka, oia maoli aloha, a koʻi kaua i loko o ka Soviet Union. Ma ka hanohano o kona kulanakauhale Vyatka i Kapa hou i ka Kirov (makahiki 1934), a me Sergeyu Mironovichu Kirovu kia hoʻomanaʻo i hiki ke loaʻa ma na wahi he nui o ka aina. Kanu "Make Loa o Leningrad" kokoke i ka Kremlin pā ma Red Square ma Moscow.